Animal Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Non-Transgenic Corn Grain To Finishing Feedlot Steers, Taia J. Huls, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Kyle J. Vander Pol, David W. Rice, Brenda Smith, Mark Hinds, Fred Owens, Matthias Leibergesell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty crossbred steers were individually fed either corn genetically modified for corn rootworm protection (Das-59122-7), a conventional non-transgenic corn hybrid, or a near isoline control for 109 days to evaluate nutritional equivalency. The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 microns) and treatments offered in the finishing diet at 82% of diet (DM basis). Dry matter intakes, ADG, and F:G were similar among all three corn hybrids. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences among treatments. The genetically modified corn DAS-59122-7 was nutritionally equivalent to a conventional corn hybrid and a near isoline control when fed to finishing steers. …

Identification Of Off-Flavor Compounds In Beef Round And Chuck Muscles, Jennie M. Hodgen, Susan L. Cuppett, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Volatile off-flavor compounds are present in beef. Using purge and trap gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, some volatile compounds were shown to have different concentrations in normal-flavored beef, compared to samples with liver-like off-flavor. Most of the compounds, like pentanol, hexanal, hexanol, 1–octen–3–ol, and nonanol, are associated with lipid oxidation. The compounds, β-pinene and 1-octen-3-ol were in higher concentration in the liver-like samples in all muscles tested. Several, small, unidentified peaks also differed between samples. Determination of the possible origins of these compounds may improve the quality and consistency of beef products.

Fatty Acids And Minerals Affect The Liver-Like Off-Flavor In Cooked Beef, Blaine E. Jenschke, Jennie M. Hodgen, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty knuckle centers were obtained from a local harvesting facility to determine factors causing the liver-like off-flavor in beef. Medium chain unsaturated fatty acids and sodium explain 46% of the variation of the liver-like off-flavor intensity ratings in cooked knuckle center steaks. Future studies to manipulate the fatty acid and mineral profiles of muscle might prove beneficial in lowering the incidence of the liver-like off-flavor in beef.

Masking Off-Flavors In Ground Beef, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ground beef derived from fed (high energy diet for at least 60 days) and non-fed cows was combined with one of five commercial bitter blockers to determine if off-flavors could be masked. Off-flavor scores were generally low; no significant treatment effects were observed. Trained panelists more frequently noted sour, fatty, rancid and liver-like off-flavors in non-fed cow beef (and metallic flavors in fed cow beef). Consumers found no differences in flavor notes. Bitter blockers did not affect flavor perception. The greatest differences were between fed and non-fed cow beef.

Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Round Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

By increasing muscle pH with ammonium hydroxide, shear force values of triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris were decreased and sensory scores for tenderness improved with higher levels of added solution. Any level of treatment was beneficial. In all cases, there were no shear force differences between steaks pumped to 15% and 22.5%. Ultimate pH was strongly related to shear force values. These data suggest adjusting pH in beef with 20% of a solution of ammonium hydroxide can increase tenderness in beef chuck and round muscles.

Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique To Predict Beef Tenderness, Lauren Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A hyperspectral imaging apparatus was developed and assembled to predict 14 d tenderness of beef steaks. USDA Choice and Select grade longissimus steaks (n=111) from between the 12th and 13th ribs were frozen at 14 days post-mortem, cut to 1-inch thickness, and thawed overnight for scanning, cooking, and obtaining slice shear force data. The model predicted three tenderness categories with 96.4% accuracy, correctly classifying 93 tender, nine intermediate and all five tough samples. One tender sample was misclassified as intermediate, and three intermediate samples were misclassified as tender. This hyperspectral imaging system was effective in predicting beef tenderness.

Evaluating Use Of Urinary Purine Derivative To Creatinine Ratio As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Production In Steers, Grant Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were fed three diets varying in source and concentration of dietary protein to determine impacts on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and microbial crude protein (MCP) production as estimated by urinary purine derivative:creatinine (PD:C) ratio. Steers were fed a steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diet with or without 1.5% urea, or a corn milling byproduct-based diet. Feeding a corn milling by-product-based diet resulted in greater ruminal pH and less time below ruminal pH 5.6, total tract OM digestibility, and ruminal propionate concentration when compared with either SFC-based treatment. The by-product-based treatment produced greater PD:C and MCP production …

Comparison Of In Vivo Digestibility To In Vitro Digestibility Of Five Forages Fed To Steers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eight crossbred yearling steers were used in a Latin rectangle design to determine the in vivo digestibility of five different forages. Feed intakes were higher when steers were fed forages with higher IVDMD. In vivo digestibility of the hay used in this trial was highly correlated to in vitro digestibility. On average, in vitro DMD was 5.4 percentage units higher than in vivo digestibility. Including these five hay samples as standards for in vitro analysis allows researchers to compare samples analyzed across in vitro runs. It also allows researchers to adjust the in vitro DMD to in vivo DMD, which …

Using A Modified In-Vitro Procedure To Measure Corn Bran Buoyancy, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Joshua R. Benton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An in vitro procedure was modified to estimate rumen buoyancy of corn bran and fiber types. Inoculum was obtained from two beef heifers and mixed with McDougall’s buffer then distributed to the in vitro tubes for 30 hours incubation at 100 °F. Fibrous material formed a matte layer which was measured to describe buoyancy. Tubes contained 6g of a feedlot-type diet with 7.5% fiber type (alfalfa hay, grass hay, corn silage, or corn stalks), with no replacement or 25% replacement of the remaining corn with corn bran. Buoyancy declined over time. Alfalfa hay had the most positive effect on buoyancy …

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitory Isoform Is Regulated Prior To Ovulation, Robin A. Ten Broeck, Debra T. Clopton, Jeremy L. Martin, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

VEGF normally acts to stimulate vascular development (angiogenesis) and is necessary for ovulation of the dominant follicle. The inhibitory isoform blocks the actions of VEGF angiogenic isoforms; therefore, the objectives of the experiments were to identify the bovine inhibitory isoform, VEGF164b and to determine its expression prior to and after the LH surge. VEGF164b mRNA was upregulated prior to but did not change after the LH surge. Therefore, VEGF164b may be necessary for preparation of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation.

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, he or she must sample the population. The use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed …

Nebraska 2007 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Table of Contents

Cow/Calf
Utilization of Dried Distillers Grains for Developing Beef Heifers
Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics and May Affect Quality of Oocytes (Eggs)

Growing
Summary Analysis of Grazing Yearling Response to Distillers Grains
Dried Distillers Grains Substitute for Forage and Nitrogen on Pasture: N Dynamics and Use Efficiency
Comparing a Modified Dry Byproduct to Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles in Growing Calf Diets
Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage
Replacement of Forage with Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production
Dried Distillers Grains as Creep Feed for Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill …

Effect Of A Vaccine Product Containing Type Ill Secreted Proteins On The Probability Of Escherichia Coli 01 57:H7 Fecal Shedding And Mucosal Colonization In Feedlot Cattle, R. E. Peterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, Galen E. Erickson, S. Hinkley, G. Bretschneider, E. Berberov, D. Rogan, David R. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Preharvest intervention strategies to reduce Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in cattle have been sought as a means to reduce human foodborne illness. A blinded clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product on the probability that feedlot steers, under conditions of natural exposure, shed E. coli 0157:H7 in feces, are colonized by this organism in the terminal rectum, or develop a humoral response to the respective antigens. Steers (n = 288) were assigned randomly to 36 pens (eight head per pen), and pens were randomized to vaccination treatment in a balanced fashion within six dietary treatments of …

The Extent Of Interaction Between The Scallop And Prawn Fleets In The Shark Bay Scallop Managed Fishery, John Dickson

Theses : Honours

The Shark Bay Managed Scallop Fishery is Western Australia's most important scallop fishery with an annual value of between $2 and $58 million. In addition to this the fishery is an important source of regional employment with approximately 160 skippers and crew employed during the 2005 season. Two separate fleets are permitted to fish for scallops in this fishery, the first consisting of dedicated scallop fishing vessels (Class A licences) and the second of prawn fishing vessels (Class B licences) that are allowed to take scallops under a catch sharing arrangement. Concerns exist over the interactions between these two fleets …

The Phylum Cnidaria: A Review Of Phylogenetic Patterns And Diversity 300 Years After Linnaeus, Catherine S. Mcfadden, Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collins, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano, Joel L. Stake

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done, and the diversity of the group is not well represented. We contrast the Linnaean perspective on cnidarian diversity with the modern, phylogenetic perspective. For each order, we detail diversity at the family level, providing phylogenetic context where possible.

Effect Of Age And Tissue Weight On The Cadmium Concentration In Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea Gigas), Rosalee S. Hellberg, Michael T. Morrissey, Dan Cheney

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

This study investigated the influence of age and tissue weight on cadmium (Cd) levels in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Oysters from 4 different age groups (1, 2, 3, and 4 y) were collected at an oyster farm in Willapa Bay, Washington. To examine the effects of age, 60 oysters from each group were sorted into 3 composites of 20, and Cd analysis was carried out on all composite samples. To study the effects of tissue weights, 25 oysters from each of the 4 age groups were collected and analyzed individually for Cd. All oyster Cd concentrations were below …

Distribution And Conservation Genetics Of The Cow Knob Salamander, Plethodon Punctatus Highton (Caudata: Plethodontidae), Matthew R. Graham

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Being lungless, plethodontid salamanders respire through their skin and are especially sensitive to environmental disturbances. Habitat fragmentation, low abundance, extreme habitat requirements, and a narrow distribution of less than 70 miles in length, makes one such salamander, Plethodon punctatus, a species of concern (S1) in West Virginia. To better understand this sensitive species, day and night survey hikes were conducted through ideal habitat and coordinate data as well as tail tips (10 to 20 mm in length) were collected. DNA was extracted from the tail tips and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragments. …

A Taxonomic Study Of The Morphological Variation And Intergradation Of Chrysemys Picta (Schneider) (Emydidae, Testudines) In West Virginia, Melissa R. Mann

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Two subspecies of Chrysemys picta (C. p. picta and C. p. marginata) occur in West Virginia. The Allegheny Mountains have historically separated the distribution of C. p. picta and C. p. marginata; however, intergrades occur where ranges overlap. These intergrades display morphological characteristics that are often intermediate to the original subspecies. Morphological variation of C. picta was examined by comparing specimens from possible areas of C. p. picta x C .p. marginata intergradation in West Virginia to geographic areas that are not exposed to subspecies distribution overlap. Characters traditionally used to separate C. p. picta and C. p. marginata were …

Animal Science Newsletter, Winter 2007

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From The Interim Department Head’s Desk
Bovine 3D Project Readies High-Tech Carcass for Classroom, Industry
Spangler is New Faculty Member
Emeriti News
FIPSE Program Offers International Ag Discussion
Van Vleck Retires
University of Nebraska–Lincoln Poultry Scholarships
Recent Awards and Recognitions
Block and Bridle Club
Animal Science Graduate Student Association
Ambassadors Help Make a Difference
Livestock Judging Team
Horse Judging Team
Equestrian Team
Bobby Moser Thankful for his Decision to Attend UNL
Drive Through Nebraska as a Teen led Burnell to UNL
Former Graduate Student Jerry Reeves Retires
Karlis Ulmanis — From Alum to Prime Minister
Walking Down Memory Lane …

Effects Of Dried Distillers Grains And Equivalent Undegradable Intake Protein Or Ether Extract On Performance And Forage Intake Of Heifers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass Pastures, J. C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, W. A. Griffin

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Crossbred heifers (n = 120; BW = 368 kg, SD = 39 kg) were used to determine effects of dried distillers grains (DDG) and relative contributions of undegradable intake protein (UIP) and fat (ether extract, EE) in DDG on ADG and forage intake (FI). Heifers rotationally grazed six 3.5-ha, smooth bromegrass paddocks (IVDMD = 65.7%, CP = 20.8%, UIP = 2.17%, DM basis). Heifers were blocked by previous ADG and allotted to treatments in a 3 × 3 + 1 factorial design. Factors were source and level of supplementation. Supplements were as follows: 1) DDG (UIP = 15.8%, EE = …

Renewed Selection For Heat Loss In Mice: Direct Responses And Correlated Responses In Feed Intake, Body Weight, Litter Size, And Conception Rate, J. M. Mcdonald, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Divergent selection in mice was renewed in 3 independent replicates for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss. An unselected control (MC) was maintained in all replicates. Heat loss was measured for individual male mice for 15 h, overnight in direct calorimeters. After 16 initial generations of selection followed by 26 generations of relaxed selection, divergent selection resumed for 9 generations. The realized selection applied was very close to the maximum possible selection according to the criteria and protocol. Selection differentials were greater for high than for low selection due to greater variation in the MH line. When corrected for …

Effect Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Strain N P51 On Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 Fecal Shedding And Finishing Performance In Beef Feedlot Cattle, R. Peterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, J. Folmer, S. Hinkley, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 2-year study was conducted during the summer months (May to September) to test the effectiveness of feeding Lactobacillus acidophilus strain NP51 on the proportion of cattle shedding Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in the feces and evaluate the effect of the treatment on finishing performance. Steers (n = 448) were assigned randomly to pens, and pens of cattle were assigned randomly to NP5 1 supplementation or no supplementation (control). NP5 1 products were mixed with water and applied as the feed was mixed daily in treatment-designated trucks at the rate of l0⁹ CFU per steer. Fecal samples were collected (n …

Efficacy Of Dose Regimen And Observation Of Herd Immunity From A Vaccine Against Escherichia Coli 01 57:H7 For Feedlot Cattle, R. E. Peterson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, Galen E. Erickson, S. Hinkley, D. Rogan, David R. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product containing type I11 secreted proteins of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on the probability that feedlot steers shed E. coli 0157:H7 in feces. Six hundred eight same-source steers were utilized. Of these, 480 steers were assigned randomly to 60 pens (eight head per pen) and to one of four vaccination treatments (120 cattle per treatment, two head per treatment per pen). The four treatments were (i) no vaccination; (ii) one dose, vaccinated once at reimplant (day 42); (iii) two doses, vaccinated on arrival (day 0) and again at reimplant …

Comparison Of Performance And Economics Of A Long-Yearling And Calf-Fed System, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, D. M. Feuz, James C. Macdonald, D. J. Jordon

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Performance and economics of calf feeding and feeding long-yearlings was compared from University of Nebraska research conducted from 1996 to 2004. All calves in these studies were spring born and purchased the subsequent fall. The heaviest calves (292 ± 5 kg) were placed into the feedlot and fed an average of 168 d (calf-feds), whereas the lighter calves (239 ± 5 kg) were placed into a long-yearling system consisting of corn residue grazing followed by summer grazing before entering the feedlot for finishing. Long-yearlings were fed in the feedlot for an average of 90 d. At the beginning of the …

Managing The Risk Of Comparing Estimated Breeding Values Across Flocks Or Herds Through Connectedness: A Review And Application, L. A. Kuehn, Ronald M. Lewis, D. R. Notter

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Comparing predicted breeding values (BV) among animals in different management units (e.g. flocks, herds) is challenging if units have different genetic means. Unbiased estimates of differences in BV may be obtained by assigning base animals to genetic groups according to their unit of origin, but units must be connected to estimate group effects. If many small groups exist, error of BV prediction may be increased. Alternatively, genetic groups can be excluded from the statistical model, which may bias BV predictions. If adequate genetic connections exist among units, bias is reduced. Several measures of connectedness have been proposed, but their relationships …

Genetic Parameters For Yield Traits Of Cows Treated Or Not Treated With Bovine Somatotropin, A. Al-Seaf, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between yield traits of cows treated with bovine somatotropin (bST) and the same yield traits of untreated cows. Lactation records from registered Holstein cows were divided by parity into 3 data sets: 1, 2, and 3 through 5. Approximately 10% of the records in each data set were from cows treated with bST. The numbers of records of treated and untreated cows in the data sets were 4,337 and 48,765; 3,730 and 37,796; and 3,645 and 33,957. Two-trait animal models (records for cows treated or not treated) were used to …

Boletín De Grupo De Especialistas En Crácidos 23-28 (2007-2009), Iucn, Birdlife International, Cracid Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

Volume 23 (Spring 2007)

Registros de anidamiento del pavo de cacho (Oreophasis derbianus) en el Volcan Atitlán, Guatemala, Knut Eisermann, Andy Burge, y Gerardo López

Registros de ninhos de Oreophasis derbianus no Vulcão Atitlan, Guatemala, Knut Eisermann, Andy Burge, e Gerardo López

Nesting records of horned guan (Oreophasis derbianus) on Atitlán Volcano, Guatemala, Knut Eisermann, Andy Burge, and Gerardo López

El redescubrimiento de la chachalaca de la Isla Utila (Ortalis vetula deschauenseei), Sheri L. Glowinski

Redescoberta do aracuã da Ilha Utila (Ortalis vetula deschauenseei), Sheri L. Glowinski

Rediscovery of the Utila Island …

Wpa News 78 (2007), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (Winter 2007), number 78

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Wpa News 80 (2007/2008), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (Winter 2007/2008), number 80

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Similar Levels Of X-Linked And Autosomal Nucleotide Variation In African And Non-African Populations Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Nadia D. Singh, J. Michael Macpherson, Jeffrey D. Jensen, Dmitri A. Petrov

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Levels of molecular diversity in Drosophila have repeatedly been shown to be higher in ancestral, African populations than in derived, non-African populations. This pattern holds for both coding and noncoding regions for a variety of molecular markers including single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites. Comparisons of X-linked and autosomal diversity have yielded results largely dependent on population of origin.

Results: In an attempt to further elucidate patterns of sequence diversity in Drosophila melanogaster, we studied nucleotide variation at putatively nonfunctional X-linked and autosomal loci in sub-Saharan African and North American strains of D. melanogaster. We combine our experimental …