Animal Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of Synovex Choice Versus Revalor Implant Strategies In Beef Finishing Steers, Pablo L. Loza, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Bill Dicke, Robert J. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, J. Drouillard, Court Campbell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedlot experiment was performed with the objective to compare a Synovex-Choice/ Synovex-Choice (Choice) implant strategy to a Revalor-IS/Revalor-S (Revalor) strategy on finishing steer performance and carcass characteristics. DMI did not differ between treatments). When calculated from carcass adjusted FW, ADG was not significantly different between Choice and Revalor implant strategies. Consequently, F/G was not significantly different when the Choice strategy was compared with Revalor strategy. No differences were observed for marbling scores or calculated yield grade) due to treatment. Based on carcass-adjusted performance, significant differences do not exist in performance between the two implant strategies.

Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Finishing Beef Steer Performance, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, Peter Willams, Ricardo Losa

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three-hundred seventy six crossbred yearling steers were fed one of four treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) 3) CRINA RUMINANTS AF plus Tylan® (CRINA + T), and 4) Rumensin® plus Tylan® (RUM + T) to determine the potential of an essential oil additive to improve steer growth performance and carcass characteristics. There were no differences in Final BW or ADG between treatments. Steers fed RUM + T had lower DMI than other treatments and F:G was improved for the CRINA + T and RUM + T fed steers compared with CON steers. Treatments containing Tylan® had significantly …

Effect Of Crina Ruminants Af, A Mixture Of Essential Oil Compounds, On Ruminal Fermentation And Digestibility, Nathan F. Meyer, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Peter Willams, Riccardo Losa

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eight ruminally fistulated steers were used in a metabolism experiment to determine effects of an essential oil feed additive in altering steer ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibilities. Yearling steers were fed three treatments: 1) Control (CON) 2) CRINA RUMINANTS AF (CRINA) and 3) Rumensin® (RUM). There were no differences in DMI, OM intake, total tract DM and OM digestibilities, or pH among treatments. Steers receiving the CRINA treatment consumed 24.5% fewer meals than CON. Ruminal acetate was greatest and total VFA concentrations tended to be greatest for CRINA treatment. Acetate:propionate was 1.68, 1.49, and 1.43 for CON, CRINA, and …

Feeding Potassium Bicarbonate And Sodium Chloride In Finishing Diets, Sheryl Colgan, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Angus crossbred yearling steers (n = 180) were used to evaluate effects of feeding additional potassium and sodium on performance and tympanic temperature of steers under heat stress and seasonal summer conditions. Steers were assigned one of four treatments: 1) control; 2) potassium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO₃); 3) sodium (diet containing 1.10% NaCl); or 4) potassium and sodium (diet containing 2.10% KHCO₃ and 1.10% NaCl). Daily water intake was increased and dry matter intake to daily water intake ratio was decreased for cattle fed potassium and potassium and sodium rations. Tympanic temperatures did not differ among dietary …

Effect Of Feeding Das-59122-7 Corn Grain And Non-Transgenic Corn Grain To Finishing Feedlot Steers, Taia J. Huls, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Matt K. Luebbe, Kyle J. Vander Pol, David W. Rice, Brenda Smith, Mark Hinds, Fred Owens, Matthias Leibergesell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty crossbred steers were individually fed either corn genetically modified for corn rootworm protection (Das-59122-7), a conventional non-transgenic corn hybrid, or a near isoline control for 109 days to evaluate nutritional equivalency. The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 microns) and treatments offered in the finishing diet at 82% of diet (DM basis). Dry matter intakes, ADG, and F:G were similar among all three corn hybrids. Carcass characteristics showed no significant differences among treatments. The genetically modified corn DAS-59122-7 was nutritionally equivalent to a conventional corn hybrid and a near isoline control when fed to finishing steers. …

Identification Of Off-Flavor Compounds In Beef Round And Chuck Muscles, Jennie M. Hodgen, Susan L. Cuppett, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Volatile off-flavor compounds are present in beef. Using purge and trap gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, some volatile compounds were shown to have different concentrations in normal-flavored beef, compared to samples with liver-like off-flavor. Most of the compounds, like pentanol, hexanal, hexanol, 1–octen–3–ol, and nonanol, are associated with lipid oxidation. The compounds, β-pinene and 1-octen-3-ol were in higher concentration in the liver-like samples in all muscles tested. Several, small, unidentified peaks also differed between samples. Determination of the possible origins of these compounds may improve the quality and consistency of beef products.

Fatty Acids And Minerals Affect The Liver-Like Off-Flavor In Cooked Beef, Blaine E. Jenschke, Jennie M. Hodgen, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty knuckle centers were obtained from a local harvesting facility to determine factors causing the liver-like off-flavor in beef. Medium chain unsaturated fatty acids and sodium explain 46% of the variation of the liver-like off-flavor intensity ratings in cooked knuckle center steaks. Future studies to manipulate the fatty acid and mineral profiles of muscle might prove beneficial in lowering the incidence of the liver-like off-flavor in beef.

Masking Off-Flavors In Ground Beef, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ground beef derived from fed (high energy diet for at least 60 days) and non-fed cows was combined with one of five commercial bitter blockers to determine if off-flavors could be masked. Off-flavor scores were generally low; no significant treatment effects were observed. Trained panelists more frequently noted sour, fatty, rancid and liver-like off-flavors in non-fed cow beef (and metallic flavors in fed cow beef). Consumers found no differences in flavor notes. Bitter blockers did not affect flavor perception. The greatest differences were between fed and non-fed cow beef.

Enhancement Of Beef Chuck And Round Muscles With Ammonium Hydroxide, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

By increasing muscle pH with ammonium hydroxide, shear force values of triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris were decreased and sensory scores for tenderness improved with higher levels of added solution. Any level of treatment was beneficial. In all cases, there were no shear force differences between steaks pumped to 15% and 22.5%. Ultimate pH was strongly related to shear force values. These data suggest adjusting pH in beef with 20% of a solution of ammonium hydroxide can increase tenderness in beef chuck and round muscles.

Hyperspectral Imaging: A Non-Invasive Technique To Predict Beef Tenderness, Lauren Grimes, Govindarajan Konda Naganathan, Jeyamkondan Subbiah, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A hyperspectral imaging apparatus was developed and assembled to predict 14 d tenderness of beef steaks. USDA Choice and Select grade longissimus steaks (n=111) from between the 12th and 13th ribs were frozen at 14 days post-mortem, cut to 1-inch thickness, and thawed overnight for scanning, cooking, and obtaining slice shear force data. The model predicted three tenderness categories with 96.4% accuracy, correctly classifying 93 tender, nine intermediate and all five tough samples. One tender sample was misclassified as intermediate, and three intermediate samples were misclassified as tender. This hyperspectral imaging system was effective in predicting beef tenderness.

Evaluating Use Of Urinary Purine Derivative To Creatinine Ratio As An Estimate Of Microbial Protein Production In Steers, Grant Crawford, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers were fed three diets varying in source and concentration of dietary protein to determine impacts on ruminal metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and microbial crude protein (MCP) production as estimated by urinary purine derivative:creatinine (PD:C) ratio. Steers were fed a steam-flaked corn (SFC)-based diet with or without 1.5% urea, or a corn milling byproduct-based diet. Feeding a corn milling by-product-based diet resulted in greater ruminal pH and less time below ruminal pH 5.6, total tract OM digestibility, and ruminal propionate concentration when compared with either SFC-based treatment. The by-product-based treatment produced greater PD:C and MCP production …

Comparison Of In Vivo Digestibility To In Vitro Digestibility Of Five Forages Fed To Steers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, James C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Eight crossbred yearling steers were used in a Latin rectangle design to determine the in vivo digestibility of five different forages. Feed intakes were higher when steers were fed forages with higher IVDMD. In vivo digestibility of the hay used in this trial was highly correlated to in vitro digestibility. On average, in vitro DMD was 5.4 percentage units higher than in vivo digestibility. Including these five hay samples as standards for in vitro analysis allows researchers to compare samples analyzed across in vitro runs. It also allows researchers to adjust the in vitro DMD to in vivo DMD, which …

Using A Modified In-Vitro Procedure To Measure Corn Bran Buoyancy, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Joshua R. Benton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An in vitro procedure was modified to estimate rumen buoyancy of corn bran and fiber types. Inoculum was obtained from two beef heifers and mixed with McDougall’s buffer then distributed to the in vitro tubes for 30 hours incubation at 100 °F. Fibrous material formed a matte layer which was measured to describe buoyancy. Tubes contained 6g of a feedlot-type diet with 7.5% fiber type (alfalfa hay, grass hay, corn silage, or corn stalks), with no replacement or 25% replacement of the remaining corn with corn bran. Buoyancy declined over time. Alfalfa hay had the most positive effect on buoyancy …

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitory Isoform Is Regulated Prior To Ovulation, Robin A. Ten Broeck, Debra T. Clopton, Jeremy L. Martin, Karl V. Moline, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

VEGF normally acts to stimulate vascular development (angiogenesis) and is necessary for ovulation of the dominant follicle. The inhibitory isoform blocks the actions of VEGF angiogenic isoforms; therefore, the objectives of the experiments were to identify the bovine inhibitory isoform, VEGF164b and to determine its expression prior to and after the LH surge. VEGF164b mRNA was upregulated prior to but did not change after the LH surge. Therefore, VEGF164b may be necessary for preparation of the dominant follicle prior to ovulation.

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc.) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore, he or she must sample the population. The use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef Report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed …

Nebraska 2007 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Table of Contents

Cow/Calf
Utilization of Dried Distillers Grains for Developing Beef Heifers
Progestin Concentrations Alter Follicle Characteristics and May Affect Quality of Oocytes (Eggs)

Growing
Summary Analysis of Grazing Yearling Response to Distillers Grains
Dried Distillers Grains Substitute for Forage and Nitrogen on Pasture: N Dynamics and Use Efficiency
Comparing a Modified Dry Byproduct to Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles in Growing Calf Diets
Effect of Distillers Grains Composition and Level on Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage
Replacement of Forage with Dried Distillers Grains Reduces Ruminal Methane Production
Dried Distillers Grains as Creep Feed for Yearling Beef Cattle Grazing Sandhill …

Effect Of A Vaccine Product Containing Type Ill Secreted Proteins On The Probability Of Escherichia Coli 01 57:H7 Fecal Shedding And Mucosal Colonization In Feedlot Cattle, R. E. Peterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, Galen E. Erickson, S. Hinkley, G. Bretschneider, E. Berberov, D. Rogan, David R. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Preharvest intervention strategies to reduce Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in cattle have been sought as a means to reduce human foodborne illness. A blinded clinical trial was conducted to test the effect of a vaccine product on the probability that feedlot steers, under conditions of natural exposure, shed E. coli 0157:H7 in feces, are colonized by this organism in the terminal rectum, or develop a humoral response to the respective antigens. Steers (n = 288) were assigned randomly to 36 pens (eight head per pen), and pens were randomized to vaccination treatment in a balanced fashion within six dietary treatments of …

Capture And Anaesthesia Of The Mongolian Wild Ass (E. Hemionus), Chris Walzer, Petra Kaczensky, Oogii Ganbaatar, Namtar Enkhsaikhan, Davaa Lkhagvasuren

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Science-based conservation efforts in general and wide-ranging equid conservation specifically, often require capture and subsequent handling of the subject animal. Safe and animal-welfare appropriate wild equid capture and anesthesia is a complex operation necessitating a multitude of skills that require appropriate veterinary training. In order to develop management plans for the Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus), which range over vast areas the use of radiotelemetry, is an essential tool. Radio-telemetry allows the researchers to better understand the habitat requirements and to delineate the areas of potential wildlife-human conflicts. To date we have successfully captured 16 wild ass in …

Biodiversity In Mongolia, Photos, Annegret Stubbe, Michael Stubbe

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Pictures of wildlife in Mongolia in 2007.

Asiatic Wild Asses In The Literature: What Do We Need To Know Now?, Sarah R.B. King

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Asiatic wild asses were once found across central Asia, but over time their range has been reduced until today all subspecies are under threat. This paper examined the literature about wild asses with an aim to illustrating gaps in our knowledge as a target for future research.

A search was made on BIOSIS ISI for the following strings: Equus hemionus, wild ass, khulan, kulan, kiang, khur, and onager. In total 61 relevant references were found, published between 1900 and 2005. Most of these references were published in the 1990s, with only one published between 1900 and 1970. Khur and …

Mapping Khulan Habitats: A Gis-Based Approach, Henrik Von Wehrden, Karsten Wesche

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

This paper focuses on the contribution that a combination of public domain GIS data with extensive habitat data can make to Khulan conservation in southern Mongolia. We describe a dataset taken in the Great Gobi 'A' Strictly Protected Area which represents the driest region within the overall Khulan distribution range. Potential habitats were classified following a phyto-sociological approach based on vegetation samples collected in the field. These data are combined with an open source climate model that allowed assessment of the influences of mean precipitation and temperature regime on habitat conditions. The results are put into a Gobi-wide context providing …

Comparative Demography And Dietary Resource Partitioning Of Two Wild Ranging Asiatic Equid Populations, Ellen Schulz, Thomas Kaiser, Annegret Stubbe, Michael Stubbe, Ravčigijn Samjaa, Nyamsuren Batsaikhan, Joachim Wussow

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Tooth wear signatures allow inference on the dietary traits of herbivorous ungulates. Comparing dietary regimes of taxonomically closely related populations further allows inference on habitat structure and food availability. The mesowear method of tooth wear evaluation has opened up a pathway to reconstruct subtle differences in dietary behavior and resource partitioning based on skeletal material as the only source of information. Eighty cheek dentitions of Asian wild asses (Equus hemionus) from the Southern Gobi (Mongolia) and 61 dentitions of African free ranging donkeys (Equus asinus) from the Emirate Sharjah (United Arab Emirates) were investigated for their …

Population Assessment Of Khulan (Equus Hemionus) In Mongolia, Badamjav Lkhagvasuren

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The data presented here suggest that 18,411 (± 224) khulan inhabit southern Mongolia with a density of 1.4 individuals per 1,000 km² within the 157,525 km² territory of its actual distribution. The Dornogobi province contains the highest number of khulan with a mere 67%, while 20% are found in the Ömnögobi province, 12% are in Djungarian Gobi and only 1% in the Gobi-Altay and Bayankhongor provinces. According to the proportion of foals and yearlings within each aimag, the Dornogobi, Ömnögobi east and Khovd populations have an average reproduction rate.

Kulan (Equus Hemionus Pallas 1775) In Turkmenistan, Victor S. Lukarevskiy, Yu. K. Gorelov

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) is the only odd-toed ungulate left in the wild in northern Eurasia. In the 1930s, the kulan survived in southern Turkmenistan only. In the 1940s, kulans were found only in an area named Badkhyz in Turkmenistan. To conserve the last natural population of this subspecies of kulan the Badkhyz Natural Reserve was established in 1941. The historical and contemporary distribution, fluctuation in numbers, conservation and sci research of kulan populations in the Badkhyz Natural reserve are reviewed in this paper.

Social Organization And Determinants Of Spatial Distribution Of Khur (Equus Hemionus Khur), Nita Shah, Qamar Qureshi

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Khur (Equus hemionus khur) is an endangered species for the most part restricted in little Rann of Kutch (India) and surrounding areas. We investigated factors influencing spatial distribution and social organization of khur. The spatial distribution is largely influenced by distribution of food patches and water in this ecosystem. The inter group distances were smaller in resource rich areas in comparison to resource poor areas (p = 0.017). The group sizes are larger in areas having higher productivity (r = 0.85) and rainfall (r = 0.88). Four social units are observed in khur (a) Family …

Zum Vorkommen Ausgewählter Bembidion-Arten In Der Mongolei (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Bembidiinae): 2. Beitrag Zur Carabidenfauna Der Mongolei, Peer Haro Schnitter

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

To the occurrence of some Bembidion-species in Mongolia (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Bembidiinae) - Second contribution to the carabid fauna of Mongolia.

The distribution of four Bembidion-species, Bembidion (Asioperyphus) infuscatum DEJEAN, 1831, B. (Asioperyphus) ovale MOTSCHULSKY, 1844, B. (Bracteon) conicolle MOTSCHULSKY, 1844 und B. (Bracteon) lapponicum ZETTERSTEDT, 1828, in Mongolia are discussed, and new data are given.

Investigation Of The Kiang (Equus Kiang, Equidae) Skull From Ladakh, India, Natalia Spasskaya

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The species-rank of Equus kiang was recently supported by molecular and genetic studies (RYDER & CHEMNICK 1990). Three subspecies are currently recognized in this species: eastern - E. k. holdereri, southern - E. k. polyodon and western - E. k. kiang, differing in some cranial and external features (GROVES & MAZAK 1967). Kiang populations are scarce and widely separated at present; which was a reason for a reassessment of the taxonomic status and distribution of at least one or two of these three races.

An interesting skull of kiang was recovered by N. Paklina and C. van Orden …

Emerging Near-Real Time Forage Monitoring Technology With Application To Large Herbivore Management In Mongolia, Dennis P. Sheehy, Jerry W. Stuth, Douglas E. Johnson, Jay Angerer, Douglas Tolleson

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Large herbivore livestock and wildlife in Mongolia depend almost entirely for substance on forage standing crop produced each year on natural pastureland. Consequently, both livestock and wildlife are continuously subject to environmental risk, especially drought and severe winter storms, while livestock are also subject to financial risk. As consumption-based livestock production changes to commercialized livestock production, steps taken by the livestock herder to avert both environmental and financial risk to livestock can increase environmental risk to large wild herbivores. A realistic and workable pastureland and risk management system will be critical for conservation of large herbivore habitat. New technologies are …

Sustainable Natural Resource Use And Livelihood Improvement In South Gobi Protected Areas, J. Jargal

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Many of the species in Gobi are in decline. People and livestock are dependent on scarce water supplies. Consequently, there is a strong competition between wild animals and livestock for water sources, grazing pastures and forage plants. This project assists conservation efforts by working with nomadic herding communities who have critical importance in the future of the Gobi desert ecosystem. Training nomadic herders in ecology, conservation and natural resource use is a unique approach to ecosystem management in Mongolia. Using this approach, the project aims to help herding families establish a sustainable use of natural resources, improve their livelihoods, and …

Feeding Ecology Of Asiatic Wild Ass Equus Hemionus, Jochen Lengger, Frieda Tataruch, Christian Walzer

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The Mongolian wild ass or khulan (Equus hemionus) is a potential competitor for forage to reintroduced Przewalski’s horses. To evaluate the major foraging plants of khulan we chose the alkane method that was first described by Mayes in 1984. Different plant species contain varying amounts and proportions of n-alkanes. This fact allows the determination of diet composition by comparing the plant alkane to the fecal alkane pattern. The major advantage is that the method is non-invasive and has been shown to be a reliable method in captive trials. Fecal and plant samples were collected simultaneously and preserved by …