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2008

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Articles 3841 - 3870 of 3985

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Using Forward-Looking Infrared Radiography To Estimate Elk Density And Distribution In Eastern Kentucky, Lauren M. Dahl Jan 2008

Using Forward-Looking Infrared Radiography To Estimate Elk Density And Distribution In Eastern Kentucky, Lauren M. Dahl

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Elk (Cervus elaphus) in eastern Kentucky appear to have increased in number since reintroduction in 1997, but rugged landscapes and cryptic elk behavior have precluded use of typical population survey methods to accurately estimate population size. In December 2006, I used forward-looking infrared radiography (FLIR) to survey the elk population in eastern Kentucky. Elk locations identified by FLIR were used to create a landscape based model to estimate the density distribution of elk within a 7,088 km2 core area of the elk restoration zone. FLIR detected 76% of elk groups of < 10 individuals and 100% of elk groups of ≥ 10 individuals. The density of elk was positively associated with the amount of herbaceous area, herbaceous edge, herbaceous area weighted mean patch fractal dimensions, proximity to release sites, the number of elk released at each site and urban core area index, and negatively associated with road density. My model estimated the elk population at 7,001 (SE = 772, 95% CI = 5,488- 8,514) individuals within the core area, 53% of which were < 10 km from release sites. The predicted elk distribution pattern and abundance estimate derived from this model will be important for wildlife managers in successfully managing the Kentucky elk population.

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Tillage Erosion Coefficients For Selected Tillage Tools, Javier Mollinendo Jan 2008

Tillage Erosion Coefficients For Selected Tillage Tools, Javier Mollinendo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soil loss as a result of differential translocation of soil by tillage is widespread in regions with irregular topography. Tillage erosion models are based on field derived transport coefficients that are specific to the tillage tool being used. Variables like speed and depth of tillage can modify tillage erosion transport coefficients. Four treatments were established for this research: moldboard plow, chisel plow, tandem disk, and no-till drill. The primary research site was located in Rock County MN, 43° 39 '40.24 "N, and 96° 24' 17.25" W, with a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls (USDA, 2006). The objectives of this …

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Plant Growth Promoting Properties Of Rhizobacteria Isolated From Wheat And Pea Grown In Loamy Sand Soil, Dilfuza Egamberdieva Jan 2008

Plant Growth Promoting Properties Of Rhizobacteria Isolated From Wheat And Pea Grown In Loamy Sand Soil, Dilfuza Egamberdieva

Turkish Journal of Biology

Microbes are important catalysts to regulate functional properties of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from wheat and peas and examined for their plant growth promoting properties. The effects of bacterial inoculants on the growth of peas and wheat were studied in a series of pot experiments using loamy sand soil. The results showed that the colonisation of bacteria was higher in the rhizosphere as compared to the phyllosphere of both plants. Bacterial strains were identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Kocuria, and Microbacterium, and Cellulomonas species. The response of wheat and peas when inoculated with bacteria …

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A Comparative Study On Colchicine Application Methods In Obtaining Doubled Haploids Of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Betül Bürün, Ülkü Emi̇roğlu Jan 2008

A Comparative Study On Colchicine Application Methods In Obtaining Doubled Haploids Of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.), Betül Bürün, Ülkü Emi̇roğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In order to obtain androgenic doubled haploids of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Karabağlar 6265) colchicine was applied at 3 different stages of anther culture. Before culture, anthers were treated with 0.4% aqueous solution of colchicine for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. Culture response of anthers decreased as the treatment duration increased (except 12 h) and the highest diploidization of 29.7% was obtained with 6 h. During culture, when macroscopic embryoids appeared in dehisced anthers, they were wrapt up in sterile cotton saturated with 0.2% colchicine for 3 days and transferred to fresh medium. This application resulted …

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Influence Of Rootstocks On Changing The Pattern Of Phenolic Compounds In Thompson Seedless Grapes And Its Relationship To The Incidence Of Powdery Mildew, Jogaiah Satisha, Pooja Doshi, Pandurang Gundappa Adsule Jan 2008

Influence Of Rootstocks On Changing The Pattern Of Phenolic Compounds In Thompson Seedless Grapes And Its Relationship To The Incidence Of Powdery Mildew, Jogaiah Satisha, Pooja Doshi, Pandurang Gundappa Adsule

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The total phenolic content and individual groups of phenols, such as flavonones, flavonoids, and flavon-3-ols, were estimated in the leaves and berries of Thompson Seedless grapes grafted onto different rootstocks and own-rooted vines during 3 stages of berry development. The leaves at all the stages of sampling contained more total phenol and individual phenolic groups than berries. The reduction in phenolic content was gradual in leaves from the first to third stage of sampling, but it was drastic in berries. Thompson Seedless grafted onto Dog ridge, 110 R, and 1103 P rootstocks had the highest phenolic content and individual phenolic …

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Nodulation Reaction To Fungal Infections In Larvae Of Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Mediated By Eicosanoids, Hasan Tunaz, Cemi̇l Bengi̇n, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er Jan 2008

Nodulation Reaction To Fungal Infections In Larvae Of Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Mediated By Eicosanoids, Hasan Tunaz, Cemi̇l Bengi̇n, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Injecting larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor, phenidone (104 µg larva^{-1}), immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) (isolate No: HRI-215: 10 µg larva^{-1} from 2 x 106 blastospores ml^{-1}), sharply reduced (about 75 %) the nodulation reaction to the fungal challenges. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors of the major enzymes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis, including phospholipase A_2 (PLA_2), cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase, reduced nodulation reactions to fungal infections. These findings support the view that nodule formation is a complex process involving lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase …

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Outlook For World Fertilizer Demand, Supply, And Supply/Demand Balance, Patrick Heffer, Michel Prud'homme Jan 2008

Outlook For World Fertilizer Demand, Supply, And Supply/Demand Balance, Patrick Heffer, Michel Prud'homme

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The outlook is driven by impressive economic growth in Asia, increasing demand for biofuel, and a tight grain market. As a result of tight supply/demand conditions, prices for almost all agricultural commodities are unusually high. The need to boost agricultural production worldwide is stimulating fertilizer consumption in Asia and the Americas, driving global demand to new record levels. For the production of most nutrients 2007 was a record year, as buoyant demand stretched the industry's capacity to meet global requirements. All supply and demand situations will be difficult to balance until 2011 due to sustained fertilizer demand. With nitrogen supply …

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Land Cover Change And Soil Fertility Decline In Tropical Regions, Alfred E. Hartemink, Tom Veldkamp, Zhanguo Bai Jan 2008

Land Cover Change And Soil Fertility Decline In Tropical Regions, Alfred E. Hartemink, Tom Veldkamp, Zhanguo Bai

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Land cover changes influence the biogeochemistry, hydrology, and climate of the earth. Studies that assessed land cover changes at the global scale mostly focused on: deforestation, cropland expansion, dry land degradation, urbanisation, pasture expansion, and agricultural intensification. For the assessment, remotely sensed land-cover data, census data, and expert knowledge were used. In tropical regions, forest is cleared for the expansion of cropland, wood extraction, or infrastructure expansion. This widely occurs in the Amazon region and in Asia. In many temperate regions, the area under forest is increasing although forest plantations are also on the increase in the tropics. Croplands expanded …

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Micronutrients And Animal Nutrition And The Link Between The Application Of Micronutrients To Crops And Animal Health, George E. J. Fisher Jan 2008

Micronutrients And Animal Nutrition And The Link Between The Application Of Micronutrients To Crops And Animal Health, George E. J. Fisher

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Micronutrients (or 'trace elements') are required in animal diets for health and welfare, and therefore they are essential for the agricultural production of milk, meat, fibre, and eggs. It is clear from the literature that deficiencies of micronutrients, particularly in their sub-clinical form where they are not visually apparent, can result in major reductions in productivity. Micronutrients are used mostly as the central elements of enzymes and co-enzymes in the biochemistry of ruminants and monogastrics. Thus, their deficiency often leads to sub-optimal growth and fertility. Within the farming system, the aim should be to only use supplementation with micronutrients where …

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The Determination Of Symbiotic Effectiveness Of Rhizobium Strains Isolated From Wild Chickpeas Collected From High Altitudes In Erzurum, Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Ömer Faruk Algur, Erdal Elkoca, Fai̇k Kantar Jan 2008

The Determination Of Symbiotic Effectiveness Of Rhizobium Strains Isolated From Wild Chickpeas Collected From High Altitudes In Erzurum, Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Ömer Faruk Algur, Erdal Elkoca, Fai̇k Kantar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum subsp. ciceri strains isolated from perennial wild chickpeas (Cicer anatolicum) collected from high altitudes (2000-2500 m) in mountains in Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. For this purpose, 21 isolates were obtained from wild chickpeas. Chickpea seeds were inoculated with these isolates and grown in pots containing sterile sand under both low (15 °C day/9 °C night) and normal (25 °C day/22 °C night) temperature conditions in a controlled plant growth cabinet. All strains investigated formed nodules under the normal temperature, but only 8 strains were able to …

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Genetic Analysis Of Grain Yield Per Spike And Some Agronomic Traits In Diallel Crosses Of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Nazan Dağüstü Jan 2008

Genetic Analysis Of Grain Yield Per Spike And Some Agronomic Traits In Diallel Crosses Of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Nazan Dağüstü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

To introduce new germplasm into breeding programs in Turkey, 3 lines [Samsun - 46 (S - 46), Samsun/Bafra - 333 (SB - 333), Population - 311 (P - 311)] and 4 cultivars [Marmara - 86 (M - 86), Gönen, Golia, and Pehlivan] of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed in 7 x 7 diallel crosses. The trials were conducted at Uludağ University, Research and Training Center, Turkey, over 3 years (in 2000/01, in 2001/02, and in 2002/03). The 7 parents and 42 crosses were grown in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for 2 years. The genetic …

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The Effects Of Traditional Grazing Practices On Upland (Yayla) Rangeland Vegetation And Forage Quality, Bi̇nali̇ Çomakli, Mahmut Daşci, Ali̇ Koç Jan 2008

The Effects Of Traditional Grazing Practices On Upland (Yayla) Rangeland Vegetation And Forage Quality, Bi̇nali̇ Çomakli, Mahmut Daşci, Ali̇ Koç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A seminomadic animal raising system, known as ''yaylacılık'' in Turkish, is one of the best ways of using upland rangelands, particularly in rough terrain regions. Three rangeland sites were selected to determine the spatial effect of summer grazing distribution on botanical composition, canopy coverage, soil aggregate stability, and forage nutrient content in these range sites. On average, grass covered 61.09% of the total land in site I, 67.04% and 57.40%, respectively, in sites II and III. Legume covered 11.61%, 13.67%, and 18.05%, respectively, of the total land in sites I, II, and III. Other families covered 27.30%, 19.29%, and 24.55% …

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The Relationship Between Black Point And Fungi Species And Effects Of Black Point On Seed Germination Properties In Bread Wheat, Faruk Toklu, Davut Soner Akgül, Mehmet Bi̇çi̇ci̇, Tolga Karaköy Jan 2008

The Relationship Between Black Point And Fungi Species And Effects Of Black Point On Seed Germination Properties In Bread Wheat, Faruk Toklu, Davut Soner Akgül, Mehmet Bi̇çi̇ci̇, Tolga Karaköy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between some fungi species and black point incidence and the effect of black point on seed weight, germination percentage, seedling emergence, seedling establishment, number of embryonic roots, and coleoptile length under field conditions in bread wheat. In this research, black-pointed and black point-free kernel samples of 5 bread wheat cultivars, namely Ceyhan-99, Doğankent-1, Yüreğir-89, Seyhan-95, and Adana-99 - commonly grown under the agroclimatic conditions of Çukurova Region, were used. Isolations from the black point-affected and black point-free kernels indicated that Alternaria spp. are the predominant fungi, followed by Chaetomium sp and Aspergillus …

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First Record Of Bursaphelenchus Vallesianus Braasch, Schönfeld, Polomski, And Burgermeister In Turkey, Süleyman Akbulut, İ. Hali̇l Elekçi̇oğlu, Aki̇f Keten Jan 2008

First Record Of Bursaphelenchus Vallesianus Braasch, Schönfeld, Polomski, And Burgermeister In Turkey, Süleyman Akbulut, İ. Hali̇l Elekçi̇oğlu, Aki̇f Keten

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Bursaphelenchus vallesianus isolated from a dead Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, in the village of Bahçecik northeastern Turkey in an area managed by the Trabzon Regional Forestry Directorate is described and illustrated. The morphological characters match the original description. This is the first report of the species on pine wood in Turkey.

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Implications Of Cereal-Based Crop Rotations, Nitrogen Fertilization, And Stubble Grazing On Soil Organic Matter In A Mediterranean-Type Environment, John Ryan, S. Masri, Hayri̇ye İbri̇kçi̇, M. Singh, Mustafa Pala, H. C. Harris Jan 2008

Implications Of Cereal-Based Crop Rotations, Nitrogen Fertilization, And Stubble Grazing On Soil Organic Matter In A Mediterranean-Type Environment, John Ryan, S. Masri, Hayri̇ye İbri̇kçi̇, M. Singh, Mustafa Pala, H. C. Harris

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to all soil processes that have an impact on crop production and the environment. Soils of the semi-arid Mediterranean region are low in SOM due to environmental conditions (temperature, moisture) and centuries of cultivation. Hence, as SOM has a major influence on soil aggregation, nutrient supply, and soil moisture, as well as the relationships between them, there is a need to assess the impact of cropping systems on this critical soil parameter. During a 14-year rotation trial of durum wheat with alternate crops in northern Syria (mean annual rainfall: 340 mm), we examined the …

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Determination Of The Effects Of Hazelnut Husk And Tea Waste Treatments On Urease Enzyme Activity And Its Kinetics In Soil, Ridvan Kizilkaya, İmanverdi̇ Ekberli̇ Jan 2008

Determination Of The Effects Of Hazelnut Husk And Tea Waste Treatments On Urease Enzyme Activity And Its Kinetics In Soil, Ridvan Kizilkaya, İmanverdi̇ Ekberli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this research, the effects of 5% treatment of hazelnut husk (HH) and tea production waste (TEW) to clay loam soil on urease enzyme activity and its kinetics were determined in a 30-day soil incubation experiment. For this purpose, kinetic parameters (V_{max}, K_m, and V_{max}/K_m,) were calculated by determining urease activity in organic wastes treated soils in different substrate concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%), incubation periods (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h), and incubation temperatures (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C) at the end of the 30 days of the …

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Responses Of The Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Plant To Exposure To Different Salt Forms And Rates, İbrahi̇m Yokaş, A. Levent Tuna, Betül Bürün, Hakan Altunlu, Fi̇li̇z Altan, Cengi̇z Kaya Jan 2008

Responses Of The Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Plant To Exposure To Different Salt Forms And Rates, İbrahi̇m Yokaş, A. Levent Tuna, Betül Bürün, Hakan Altunlu, Fi̇li̇z Altan, Cengi̇z Kaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

We aimed to investigate the effects of NaCl and Na_2SO_4 on seed and pollen germination of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in vitro. In addition, the effects of NaCl, Na_2SO_4, and CaCl_2 on yield and quality, plant growth, some physiological parameters, and the distribution of mineral composition in greenhouse grown tomato plants were investigated. Seed germination was affected by high salinity treatments (MS and 1/2 MS). Pollen germination and pollen tube length were significantly affected by salt forms and doses. Pollen germination was blocked by the above doses of 50 mM NaCl and 30 mM Na_2SO_4. In the greenhouse experiment, with …

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Beneficial Effects Of Fungal Treatment Before Pulping And Bleaching Of Acacia Mangium And Eucalyptus Camaldulensis, Md. Nazrul Islam, Md. Rezaul Karim, Raimo O. Malinen Jan 2008

Beneficial Effects Of Fungal Treatment Before Pulping And Bleaching Of Acacia Mangium And Eucalyptus Camaldulensis, Md. Nazrul Islam, Md. Rezaul Karim, Raimo O. Malinen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Three white-rot fungi (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Pilát) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Phanerochate chrysosporium Burds, and Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor (L.) Lloyd) were tested for their ability to modify/degrade lignin in cooking and bleaching. Both chips and pulps of Acacia mangium Willd. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. were pretreated with these white-rot fungi for different time periods (8, 12, and 16 days for chips; and 4, 8, and 12 days for pulps). For chip pretreatment, Kappa number decreased with the increase of fungal treatment time, and the maximum reduction in Kappa number was 28% and 25% for acacia and eucalyptus, respectively, after 16 days of …

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Alkaline Pulping And Bleaching Of Acacia Auriculiformis Grown In Bangladesh, M. Sarwar Jahan, Rowshan Sabina, Arjumand Rubaiyat Jan 2008

Alkaline Pulping And Bleaching Of Acacia Auriculiformis Grown In Bangladesh, M. Sarwar Jahan, Rowshan Sabina, Arjumand Rubaiyat

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of Acacia auriculiformis were evaluated in terms of its suitability for papermaking. The fiber length (1.1 mm) of A. auriculiformis in this study was within the range of tropical hardwoods. The lignin content in A. auriculiformis was 19.4% and \alpha-cellulose 44.1%, which was within the range of other acacias, but that of extractives was higher. Soda, soda-AQ, and kraft processes were studied in pulping. Screened pulp yield was increased with increasing active alkali. Acceptable pulp yield (43%-44%) and kappa number (22-24) were obtained at 20% alkali and 2.5 h of cooking in soda, 16% …

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Estimating Fuel Biomass Of Some Shrub Species (Maquis) In Turkey, Bülent Sağlam, Ömer Küçük, Ertuğrul Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Bahar Di̇nç Durmaz, İsmai̇l Baysal Jan 2008

Estimating Fuel Biomass Of Some Shrub Species (Maquis) In Turkey, Bülent Sağlam, Ömer Küçük, Ertuğrul Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Bahar Di̇nç Durmaz, İsmai̇l Baysal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Regression equations were developed to estimate shrub fuel biomass of a maquis formation in western Turkey. The relationships between some shrub characteristics and live, dead, available (for consumption), and total fuel biomass were determined by simple/multiple linear regression. Measured biomass values for live, available, and total fuels varied from 0.70 to 6.74 kg m^{-2}, from 0.78 to 3.03 kg m^{-2}, and from 1.06 to 7.72 kg m^{-2}, respectively. The results obtained indicated that shrub fuel biomass could be satisfactorily predicted using the regression equations generated. The resulting equations were able to account for 60% to 89% of the observed variation …

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Rapid Characterization Of Garlic Clones With Locus-Specific Dna Markers, Meryem İpek, Ahmet İpek, Philipp W. Simon Jan 2008

Rapid Characterization Of Garlic Clones With Locus-Specific Dna Markers, Meryem İpek, Ahmet İpek, Philipp W. Simon

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Maintenance of redundant garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions is expensive due to the necessity of yearly regenerating garlic accessions in germplasm centers. Therefore, rapid characterization of garlic accessions is important for avoiding duplicated genotypes. For this purpose we developed several locus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA markers, and tested them for the characterization of garlic clones that were previously analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Among 25 garlic clones, 4 locus-specific markers generated 24 polymorphic alleles. Garlic accessions within a group determined by AFLP and RAPD analyses generally had the same alleles …

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Comparison Of Sea Buckthorn Genotypes (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Based On Rapd And Fame Data, Sezai̇ Erci̇şli̇, Emi̇ne Orhan, Nalan Yildirim, Güleray Ağar Jan 2008

Comparison Of Sea Buckthorn Genotypes (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Based On Rapd And Fame Data, Sezai̇ Erci̇şli̇, Emi̇ne Orhan, Nalan Yildirim, Güleray Ağar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

FAME and RAPD profiles were used to examine biochemical and genetic relationships between 10 selected sea buckthorn genotypes found in the same area of Eastern Anatolia. Fatty acid composition of sea buckthorn berries was determined using gas chromatography. Fatty acid results showed that there were differences between genotypes in both the percent and presence of fatty acids in the berries. Myristic acid was detected only in berries of the ESB8 and ESB9 genotypes. Nervonic acid was detected only in the ESB5 genotype and linoleic acid was detected only in the ESB4 genotype. RAPD data also showed that the ESB4 genotype …

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Biological, Serological, And Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates From Different Citrus Cultivation Regions Of Turkey, Savaş Korkmaz, Bayram Çevi̇k, Serkan Önder, N. Kemal Koç Jan 2008

Biological, Serological, And Molecular Characterization Of Citrus Tristeza Virus Isolates From Different Citrus Cultivation Regions Of Turkey, Savaş Korkmaz, Bayram Çevi̇k, Serkan Önder, N. Kemal Koç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Field surveys were carried out in 5 different citrus cultivation regions of Turkey in 2005 and 2006, and 201 samples were collected from different citrus species. Samples were tested for the presence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). While DAS-ELISA showed that 41 trees were infected with CTV, an additional 13 trees were found to be positive based on RT-PCR. When CTV-positive samples were tested with the Western blot method using the monoclonal antibody MCA13, which is specific to severe isolates of CTV, 32 isolates, mostly from satsuma, …

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Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar Jan 2008

Biological Control Of Bacterial Spot Disease Of Pepper With Bacillus Strains, Mustafa Mi̇ri̇k, Yeşi̇m Aysan, Özden Çinar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) is a devastating pepper (Capsicum annuum) disease in Turkey. Biological control of Xanthomonas axanopodis pv. vesicatoria is of great interest, in terms of environmental safety and economic return. In this study, 3 Bacillus strains isolated from soil samples of the rhizospheres of peppers grown in greenhouses and fields were used to suppress the size of the population of X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. Results indicated that disease development decreased by 11%-62% and 38%-67% in pepper plants inoculated with the 3 Bacillus strains alone and in combination, respectively, in …

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Feeding And Foraging Behaviour In Two Coccinellid Predators: Scymnus Levaillanti Muls. And Cycloneda Sanguinea L., Ali̇ Arda Işikber Jan 2008

Feeding And Foraging Behaviour In Two Coccinellid Predators: Scymnus Levaillanti Muls. And Cycloneda Sanguinea L., Ali̇ Arda Işikber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Predatory behaviour, prey consumption, and foraging cycle of adults and larvae of Scymnus levaillanti Muls. and Cycloneda sanguinea L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were investigated using a video/computer recording and measurement system. Larvae of S. levaillanti spent more time in feeding activities compared to C. sanguinea. Adults of both S. levaillanti and C. sanguinea spent more time in non-feeding activities (digestion and cleaning) compared to their larvae whilst adults of S. levaillanti spent less time in non-feeding activities than those of C. sanguinea. Generally, larvae and adults of both coccinellid species spent most of their time in non-feeding activities. Although S. levaillanti …

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Pilot Study For An Assessment Of Vegetation Structure For Steppe Rangelands Of Central Anatolia, Hüseyi̇n Kansur Firincioğlu, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Steven Seefeldt, Fehmi̇ Mert, Basri̇ Hakan Hakyemez, Meci̇t Vural Jan 2008

Pilot Study For An Assessment Of Vegetation Structure For Steppe Rangelands Of Central Anatolia, Hüseyi̇n Kansur Firincioğlu, Bi̇lal Şahi̇n, Steven Seefeldt, Fehmi̇ Mert, Basri̇ Hakan Hakyemez, Meci̇t Vural

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In the last 50 years, rangelands in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey have been converted to cropping lands, which has negatively accelerated vegetation change, resulting in overgrazing and poor condition and productivity. In these steppe rangelands, to develop a rational basis for making restoration and management decisions, the vegetation structure must be well understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (1) define vegetation patterns through assessing spatial distribution of the plant species and groups, (2) evaluate the relationships between vegetation and environmental aspects and range condition, and (3) outline possible restoration implementations. Therefore, a study was carried …

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Genotypic Differences For Reproductive Growth, Yield, And Yield Components In Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.), Sevgi̇ Çalişkan, Mehmet Emi̇n Çalişkan, Mehmet Arslan Jan 2008

Genotypic Differences For Reproductive Growth, Yield, And Yield Components In Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.), Sevgi̇ Çalişkan, Mehmet Emi̇n Çalişkan, Mehmet Arslan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to evaluate reproductive growth, oil and protein accumulation in seeds, and some yield components of 8 groundnut genotypes in 2001 and 2002. The number of flowers, pegs, and pods per plant during the reproductive period were determined with periodic counts starting from flowering. The percentage of flowers turned to pegs and pods, and the percentage of pegs turned to pods were calculated at the end of the growing period. After pod setting, 6 plants per plot were harvested at 15-day intervals to determine oil and protein content of seeds. At final harvest pod yield and some …

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Comparing Neural Networks, Linear And Nonlinear Regression Techniques To Model Penetration Resistance, Hossein Bayat, Mohammad Reza Neyshaburi, Mohammad Ali Hajabbasi, Ali Akbar Mahboubi, Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi Jan 2008

Comparing Neural Networks, Linear And Nonlinear Regression Techniques To Model Penetration Resistance, Hossein Bayat, Mohammad Reza Neyshaburi, Mohammad Ali Hajabbasi, Ali Akbar Mahboubi, Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Penetration resistance (PR) is an important property of soils, and can be expressed as cone index (CI). Because of high variability, there are no accurate and representative PR data in most cases. Variable PR is considerably affected by gravimetric soil water content (GWC) and bulk density (BD). In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to simulate relationship between BD, GWC, and CI. A data set of 381 samples was collected from 2 study sites, Hamadan and Maragheh. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were developed using ANNs and linear and nonlinear regression models to predict CI for the combined data set …

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Performance Analysis Of Collective Set-Move Lateral Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Used In Central Anatolia, İdri̇s Bahçeci̇, Ali̇ Fuat Tari, Nazmi̇ Di̇nç, Pinar Bahçeci̇ Jan 2008

Performance Analysis Of Collective Set-Move Lateral Sprinkler Irrigation Systems Used In Central Anatolia, İdri̇s Bahçeci̇, Ali̇ Fuat Tari, Nazmi̇ Di̇nç, Pinar Bahçeci̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Performance assessment (PA) of irrigation and drainage systems has been an important area of research and debate in recent years. The present study was carried out to determine some performance parameters of sprinkler irrigation systems. Thirty-eight subunits (lateral) were monitored and assessed in the Konya Basin of Turkey. Sprinkler nozzle-pressure, flow rate, and their variations, and the amount of irrigation water were determined. Application and distribution uniformity, irrigation adequacy, and characteristics of system design and application were analyzed. Christensen Uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity (DU) values were between 41% and 88%, and between 18% and 81%, respectively. Variation in …

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Development Of A Precision Seed Drill For Oilseed Rape, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad Moghaddam, Kyeong Uk Kim Jan 2008

Development Of A Precision Seed Drill For Oilseed Rape, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh, Mohammad Moghaddam, Kyeong Uk Kim

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

At the present time, the most widely used machine for seed and oilseed planting is a seed drill with a roller-type-metering device. Due to nonuniform spacing of seeds along the rows and lack of control on planting depth, this machine aggravates the growth related problems and degrades the quality of a sensitive crop such as oilseed rape. To solve the above-mentioned problems, an attempt was made to develop a precision seed drill with a roller-type-metering device and a depth control system. Some of the design parameters affecting the uniformity of seed distribution were studied from the view point of roller …

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