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United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
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Articles 1 - 30 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Epithelial And Mesenchymal Cells In The Bovine Colonic Mucosa Differ In Their Responsiveness To Escherichia Coli Shiga Toxin 1, Ivonne Stamm, Melanie Mohr, Philip S. Bridger, Elmar Schröpfer, Matthias König, William C. Stoffregen, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Georg Baljer, Christian Menge
Epithelial And Mesenchymal Cells In The Bovine Colonic Mucosa Differ In Their Responsiveness To Escherichia Coli Shiga Toxin 1, Ivonne Stamm, Melanie Mohr, Philip S. Bridger, Elmar Schröpfer, Matthias König, William C. Stoffregen, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Georg Baljer, Christian Menge
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Bovine colonic crypt cells express CD77 molecules that potentially act as receptors for Shiga toxins (Stx). The implication of this finding for the intestinal colonization of cattle by human pathogenic Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) remains undefined. We used flow cytometric and real-time PCR analyses of primary cultures of colonic crypt cells to evaluate cell viability, CD77 expression, and gene transcription in the presence and absence of purified Stx1. A subset of cultured epithelial cells had Stx receptors which were located mainly intracellularly, with a perinuclear distribution, and were resistant to Stx1-induced apoptosis and Stx1 effects on chemokine expression patterns. In …
Convergence Of Agriculture And Energy: Iii. Considerations In Biodiesel Production, Jon Van Gerpen, Allan Gray, Brent H. Shanks, Beth Calabotta, Drew Kershen, Alan Weber, Richard Joost, Todd A. Peterson
Convergence Of Agriculture And Energy: Iii. Considerations In Biodiesel Production, Jon Van Gerpen, Allan Gray, Brent H. Shanks, Beth Calabotta, Drew Kershen, Alan Weber, Richard Joost, Todd A. Peterson
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Concern about rising prices and unstable sources of petroleum fuels is driving the search for U.S. domestically produced, renewable transportation fuels, such as biodiesel. Federal incentives of up to $1.10 per gallon have been supplemented by additional incentives and mandated biodiesel use in many states. The Renewable Fuel Standard in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requires the domestic use of 1 billion gallons of biomass-based diesel fuel by 2012, most of which likely will be biodiesel.
U.S. biodiesel production is primarily from soybean oil, but recent high prices have forced many producers to use lower-cost feedstocks such …
Early Attachment Sites For Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Experimentally Inoculated Weaned Calves, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, William C. Stoffregen, Brad T. Bosworth, Harley W. Moon, Joachim F. Pohlenz
Early Attachment Sites For Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Experimentally Inoculated Weaned Calves, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, William C. Stoffregen, Brad T. Bosworth, Harley W. Moon, Joachim F. Pohlenz
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Weaned 3- to 4-month-old calves were fasted for 48 h, inoculated with 1010 CFU of Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli (STEC) 0157:H7 strain 86-24 (STEC 0157) or STEC 091:H21 strain B2F1 (STEC 091), Shiga toxin-negative E. coli 0157:H7 strain 87-23 (Stx- 0157), or a nonpathogenic control E. coli strain, necropsied 4 days postinoculation, and examined bacteriologically and histologically. Some calves were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) for 5 days (3 days before, on the day of, and 1 day after inoculation). STEC 0157 bacteria were recovered from feces, intestines, or gall bladders of 74% (40/55) of calves 4 days after …
Pasteurellosis Transmission Risks Between Domestic And Wild Sheep, Michael W. Miller, Donald P. Knowles, Marie S. Bulgin, Billy R. Clay, Walter E. Cook, Subramaniam Srikumaran, A. David Scarfe, Dale Layfield
Pasteurellosis Transmission Risks Between Domestic And Wild Sheep, Michael W. Miller, Donald P. Knowles, Marie S. Bulgin, Billy R. Clay, Walter E. Cook, Subramaniam Srikumaran, A. David Scarfe, Dale Layfield
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Disease has contributed significantly to the decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) populations throughout much of western North America, decreasing many native herds to less than 10% of their historical size and imperiling some populations and subspecies (Valdez and Krausman 1999). According to historical accounts (e.g., Grinnell 1928; Honess and Frost 1942; Shillinger 1937; Warren 1910), epidemics in some locations coincided with the advent of domestic livestock grazing in bighorn ranges, suggesting that novel pathogens may have been introduced into some bighorn populations beginning in the 1800s.
Native North American wild sheep species—bighorn sheep and thinhorn (Dall’s and …
The Potential For Crop-To-Wild Gene Flow In Sorghum In Ethiopia And Niger: A Geographic Survey, Tesfaye Tesso, Issoufou Kapran, Cecile Grenier, Allison Snow, Patricia Sweeney, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David B. Marx, Gurling Bothma, Gebisa Ejeta
The Potential For Crop-To-Wild Gene Flow In Sorghum In Ethiopia And Niger: A Geographic Survey, Tesfaye Tesso, Issoufou Kapran, Cecile Grenier, Allison Snow, Patricia Sweeney, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David B. Marx, Gurling Bothma, Gebisa Ejeta
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Information about the potential for crop–wild hybridization is needed to understand how crop genes, including transgenes, affect the population genetics and ecology of sexually compatible relatives. Transgenic sorghum is under development for use by traditional farmers in Africa, the center of origin for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], but systematic surveys of the current extent of contact with wild and weedy relatives are lacking. We studied wild and weedy sorghums that are interfertile with the crop and constitute a crop–wild–weed complex. The survey was conducted in 2005 in areas of traditional sorghum cultivation in three regions of Ethiopia and …
Heterosis In Switchgrass: Spaced Plants, Juan M. Martinez-Reyna, Kenneth P. Vogel
Heterosis In Switchgrass: Spaced Plants, Juan M. Martinez-Reyna, Kenneth P. Vogel
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Population and specific hybrids were made between populations and genotypes of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., and their progeny were evaluated for heterosis in space-transplanted fi eld trials in eastern Nebraska for a 3-yr period. ‘Kanlow’ (lowland tetraploid) x ‘Summer’ (upland tetraploid) hybrids exhibit midparent heterosis for second- and third-year biomass yields for both population and individual plant hybrids. These data and previously reported molecular marker data indicate that lowland-tetraploid and upland-tetraploid switchgrasses represent different heterotic groups that can potentially be used to produce F1 hybrid cultivars. Hybrids produced from cultivars and experimental strains developed from upland-octaploid germplasm originating from …
Soil Carbon Levels In Irrigated Western Corn Belt Rotations, Gary E. Varvel, Wallace Wilhelm
Soil Carbon Levels In Irrigated Western Corn Belt Rotations, Gary E. Varvel, Wallace Wilhelm
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Proposals promoting the use of massive amounts of crop residues and other lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production have increased the need for evaluation of the sustainability of cropping practices and their eff ect on environment quality. Our objective was to evaluate the eff ects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management and their stover production characteristics on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels in a long-term high-yielding irrigated study in the western Corn Belt. An irrigated monoculture corn (Zea mays L.), monoculture soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and soybean–corn cropping systems study was initiated in 1991 on a uniform …
Quantitative Trait Loci For Resistance To Pre-Harvest Sprouting In Us Hard White Winter Wheat Rio Blanco, Shubing Liu, Shibin Cai, Robert A. Graybosch, Cuixia Chen, Guihua Bai
Quantitative Trait Loci For Resistance To Pre-Harvest Sprouting In Us Hard White Winter Wheat Rio Blanco, Shubing Liu, Shibin Cai, Robert A. Graybosch, Cuixia Chen, Guihua Bai
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat is a major problem that severely limits the end-use quality of flour in many wheat-growing areas worldwide. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PHS resistance, a population of 171 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between PHS-resistant white wheat cultivar Rio Blanco and PHS-susceptible white wheat breeding line NW97S186. The population was evaluated for PHS in three greenhouse experiments and one Weld experiment. After 1,430 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were screened between the two parents and two bulks, 112 polymorphic markers between two bulks were used to screen …
No-Till Corn After Bromegrass: Effect On Soil Carbon And Soil Aggregates, Ronald F. Follett, Gary E. Varvel, John M. Kimble, Kenneth P. Vogel
No-Till Corn After Bromegrass: Effect On Soil Carbon And Soil Aggregates, Ronald F. Follett, Gary E. Varvel, John M. Kimble, Kenneth P. Vogel
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Grasslands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the USA may be converted to grain crops for bioenergy. The effect of no-till conversion of a smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) grassland to no-till corn (Zea mays L.) production on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the western Corn Belt was monitored for over 6 yr. A different 13C/12C isotope signature is imparted to SOC by C4 plants including corn versus C3 plants such as bromegrass. Changes in C isotope ratios in SOC in three soil depths (0- to 5-, 5–10, and 10–30 cm) by particle size …
Testing A Simple Field Method For Assessing Nitrate Removal In Riparian Zones, Philippe Vidon, Michael G. Dosskey
Testing A Simple Field Method For Assessing Nitrate Removal In Riparian Zones, Philippe Vidon, Michael G. Dosskey
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Being able to identify riparian sites that function better for nitrate removal from groundwater is critical to using efficiently the riparian zones for water quality management. For this purpose, managers need a method that is quick, inexpensive, and accurate enough to enable effective management decisions. This study assesses the precision and accuracy of a simple method using three ground water wells and one measurement date for determining nitrate removal characteristics of riparian buffer zones. The method is a scaled-down version of a complex field research method that consists of a large network of wells and piezometers monitored monthly for over …
Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies Affected By Plague, David J. Augustine, Marc R. Matchett, Theodore P. Toombs, Jack F. Cully, Tommy L. Johnson, J. G. Sidle
Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies Affected By Plague, David J. Augustine, Marc R. Matchett, Theodore P. Toombs, Jack F. Cully, Tommy L. Johnson, J. G. Sidle
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a key component of the disturbance regime in semi-arid grasslands of central North America. Many studies have compared community and ecosystem characteristics on prairie dog colonies to grasslands without prairie dogs, but little is known about landscape-scale patterns of disturbance that prairie dog colony complexes may impose on grasslands over long time periods. We examined spatiotemporal dynamics in two prairie dog colony complexes in southeastern Colorado (Comanche) and northcentral Montana (Phillips County) that have been strongly influenced by plague, and compared them to a complex unaffected by plague in northwestern Nebraska (Oglala). …
Effect Of Irrigation Amounts Applied With Subsurface Drip Irrigation On Corn Evapotranspiration, Yield, Water Use Efficiency, And Dry Matter Production In A Semiarid Climate, Jose O. Payero, David D. Tarkalson, Suat Irmak, Don Davison, James L. Petersen
Effect Of Irrigation Amounts Applied With Subsurface Drip Irrigation On Corn Evapotranspiration, Yield, Water Use Efficiency, And Dry Matter Production In A Semiarid Climate, Jose O. Payero, David D. Tarkalson, Suat Irmak, Don Davison, James L. Petersen
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Quantifying the local crop response to irrigation is important for establishing adequate irrigation management strategies. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation applied with subsurface drip irrigation on field corn (Zea mays L.) evapotranspiration (ETc), yield, water use efficiencies (WUE = yield/ETc, and IWUE = yield/irrigation), and dry matter production in the semiarid climate of west central Nebraska. Eight treatments were imposed with irrigation amounts ranging from 53 to 356 mmin 2005 and from 22 to 226mmin 2006. A soil water balance approach (based on FAO-56) was used to estimate daily soil water and ETc. Treatments resulted in seasonal …
Geochemistry In The Modern Soil Survey Program, M. A. Wilson, R. Burt, J. M. Scheyer, A. B. Jenkins, J. V. Chiaretti, M. G. Ulmer
Geochemistry In The Modern Soil Survey Program, M. A. Wilson, R. Burt, J. M. Scheyer, A. B. Jenkins, J. V. Chiaretti, M. G. Ulmer
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Elemental analysis has played an important role in the characterization of soils since inception of the soil survey in the US. Recent efforts in analysis of trace and major elements (geochemistry) have provided necessary data to soil survey users in a variety of areas. The first part of this paper provides a brief overview of elemental sources, forms, mobility, and bioavailability; critical aspects important to users of soil survey geochemical data for appropriate use and interpretations. Examples are provided based on data gathered as part of the US soil survey program. The second part addresses the organization of sample collection …
Responsive In-Season Nitrogen Management For Cereals, J.F. Shanahan, N. R. Kitchen, W. R. Raun, James S. Schepers
Responsive In-Season Nitrogen Management For Cereals, J.F. Shanahan, N. R. Kitchen, W. R. Raun, James S. Schepers
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Current nitrogen (N) management strategies for worldwide cereal production systems are characterized by low N use efficiency (NUE), environmental contamination, and considerable ongoing debate regarding what can be done to improve N fertilizer management. Development of innovative strategies that improve NUE and minimize off-field losses is crucial to sustaining cereal-based farming. In this paper, we review the major managerial causes for low NUE, including (1) poor synchrony between fertilizer N and crop demand, (2) uniform field applications to spatially variable landscapes that commonly vary in crop N need, and (3) failure to account for temporally variable influences on crop N …
Opportunities And Roadblocks In Utilizing Forages And Small Grains For Liquid Fuels, Gautam Sarath, Robert B. Mitchell, S. E. Sattler, Deanna L. Funnell, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Robert A. Graybosch, Kenneth P. Vogel
Opportunities And Roadblocks In Utilizing Forages And Small Grains For Liquid Fuels, Gautam Sarath, Robert B. Mitchell, S. E. Sattler, Deanna L. Funnell, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Robert A. Graybosch, Kenneth P. Vogel
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This review focuses on the potential advantages and disadvantages of forages such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and two small grains: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and wheat (Triticum aesitvum), as feedstocks for biofuels. It highlights the synergy provided by applying what is known from forage digestibility and wheat and sorghum starch properties studies to the biofuels sector. Opportunities therefore, exist to improve biofuel qualities in these crops via genetics and agronomics. In contrast to cereal crops, switchgrass still retains tremendous exploitable genetic diversity, and can be specifically improved to Wt a particular agronomic, management, and conversion …
My Biomass, Your Biomass, Our Solution, Wallace Wilhelm
My Biomass, Your Biomass, Our Solution, Wallace Wilhelm
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The USA is pursuing an array of renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass energy and biomass ethanol are key components in this pursuit. Vast amounts of biomass feedstock will be needed to produce sufficient ethanol to meet any of the numerous target production goals. The Billion Ton Vision suggests one billion tons of biomass is needed annually to meet the ‘30x30’ goal (to replace 30% of 2004 levels of fossil transportation fuel use with ethanol by the year 2030). Great advances in technology will be required to produce this …
Evaluation Of Beef Cattle Operations Utilizing Different Seasons Of Calving, Weaning Strategies, Postweaning Management, And Retained Ownership, R. E. Kruse, M. W. Tess, E. E. Grings, R. E. Short, R. K. Heitschmidt, W. A. Phillips, H. S. Mayeux
Evaluation Of Beef Cattle Operations Utilizing Different Seasons Of Calving, Weaning Strategies, Postweaning Management, And Retained Ownership, R. E. Kruse, M. W. Tess, E. E. Grings, R. E. Short, R. K. Heitschmidt, W. A. Phillips, H. S. Mayeux
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Data from a 3-yr study in Montana were utilized to evaluate impacts of season of calving, weaning strategy, and retained ownership of steer calves on enterprise profitability. Calving seasons were late winter (LW), early spring (ES), or late spring (LS). Each season had 2 weaning times: 190 (LW190, ES190) or 240 (LW240, ES240) d for LW and ES, and 140 (LS140) or 190 (LS190) d for LS. Backgrounding options included shipping steers to Oklahoma (OK1), or backgrounding in Montana to a constant age (MT2) or weight (MT3). Steers from OK1 and MT2 were finished in Oklahoma in confinement or via …
Yield And Agronomic Traits Of Waxy Proso In The Central Great Plains, R. F. Heyduck, D. D. Baltensperger, Lenis Alton Nelson, Robert A. Graybosch
Yield And Agronomic Traits Of Waxy Proso In The Central Great Plains, R. F. Heyduck, D. D. Baltensperger, Lenis Alton Nelson, Robert A. Graybosch
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a summer annual grass capable of producing seed in 60 to 90 d. This characteristic, and its efficient use of water, makes it well suited to the short, and often hot and dry, growing season in the high plains of the central Great Plains. The introduction of novel end-use characteristics such as waxy starch can stimulate an increased market for proso. We evaluated 18 experimental F5 waxy lines derived from a cross of ‘Huntsman’ and PI436626 across seven locations. Genotype × environment variation in waxy proso was mostly a matter of changes in …
Volatile Compounds From The Integument Of White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus L.): Candidate Attractants Of Ornithophilic Mosquito Species, Ulrich R. Bernier, Sandra A. Allan, Brian Quinn, Daniel Kline, Donald Barnard, Gary Clark
Volatile Compounds From The Integument Of White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus L.): Candidate Attractants Of Ornithophilic Mosquito Species, Ulrich R. Bernier, Sandra A. Allan, Brian Quinn, Daniel Kline, Donald Barnard, Gary Clark
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Candidate kairomones of ornithophilic mosquito species are reported from GC/MS analysis of compounds from the skin on the back, the feet, and feathers from the back of White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Hexane and ether extracts of chicken feathers differ significantly in attractiveness of Culex spp. mosquitoes. The active (hexane) extracts contained an abundance of alcohols, ketones, and diones. The inactive (ether) extracts contained aldehydes, which also were in the hexane extracts. Analysis of hexane extracts from chicken feet, skin, and feathers demonstrated the qualitative similarity in the compounds collected with subtle differences observed in the quantitative …
Characterization Of Biological Types Of Cattle: Indicator Traits Offertility In Beef Cows, R. A. Cushman, M. F. Allan, L. A. Kuehn
Characterization Of Biological Types Of Cattle: Indicator Traits Offertility In Beef Cows, R. A. Cushman, M. F. Allan, L. A. Kuehn
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Genetic diversity among breeds of cattle allows producers to select animals for specific environments or market conditions. Reproductive efficiency is a multi-component trait that is largely influenced by environmental influences such as health and nutritional status; however, there are clearly genetic components to reproductive efficiency, and breed differences in a number of indicator traits associated with fertility and cow productivity have been identified. Historical indicators of fertility include scrotal circumference, age at puberty, and postpartum interval. Both age at puberty and postpartum interval are laborious traits to collect in heifers and cows because they require many days of detection of …
Effects Of Agricultural Conservation Practices On Fish And Wildlife Volume 2, Stuart R. Gagnon, Joseph R. Makuch, Cassandra Y. Harper
Effects Of Agricultural Conservation Practices On Fish And Wildlife Volume 2, Stuart R. Gagnon, Joseph R. Makuch, Cassandra Y. Harper
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
This bibliography, in two volumes, is part of a multi-volume set developed by the Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural Library in support of the United States Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). The bibliography is a guide to recent scientific literature covering effects of agricultural conservation practices on fish and wildlife. The citations listed here provide information on how conservation programs and practices designed to improve fish and wildlife habitat, as well as those intended for other purposes, e.g., water quality improvement, affect various aquatic and terrestrial fauna.
Comparison Of Field Measured Soil Absorption Field Loading Rates And Loading Rates Estimated From Soil Morphologic Properties, Kelli S. Hart, Brad D. Lee, Philip J. Schoeneberger, Donald P. Franzmeier, Phillip R. Owens, Douglas R. Smith
Comparison Of Field Measured Soil Absorption Field Loading Rates And Loading Rates Estimated From Soil Morphologic Properties, Kelli S. Hart, Brad D. Lee, Philip J. Schoeneberger, Donald P. Franzmeier, Phillip R. Owens, Douglas R. Smith
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Concerns from local health departments regarding premature septic system failure (less than 1 year from installation) has led to an investigation of septic system soil absorption field design parameters in northeast Indiana. The objective of this study was to compare the loading rate based on field measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (LRm) across a toposequence to the estimated allowable loading rate (LRe) based on soil morphological properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements were determined by a compact constant-head permeameter at five landscape positions, at four depths (surface horizon, upper argillic horizon, transition zone between the argillic horizon and …
Case Study Of Multiyear Precipitation Variations And The Hydrology Of Fort Cobb Reservoir, Jurgen D. Garbrecht, Jeanne M. Schneider
Case Study Of Multiyear Precipitation Variations And The Hydrology Of Fort Cobb Reservoir, Jurgen D. Garbrecht, Jeanne M. Schneider
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Impacts of decadal precipitation variations on reservoir inflow, flood releases, and pool elevation were investigated for the Fort Cobb Reservoir, which controls runoff from a 787 km2 agricultural watershed in central Oklahoma. The difference in mean annual precipitation between multiyear dry and wet periods was 33% of the long-term mean and led to a corresponding 100% change in mean reservoir inflow, 170% change in mean annual flood releases from the reservoir, and a maximum drop in conservation pool elevation of 2 m. From a reservoir operations perspective, only the frequency of controlled flood releases was impacted by decadal precipitation …
Numerical Modeling Of Bank Instability By Seepage Erosion Undercutting Of Layered Streambanks, M. L. Chu-Agor, G. V. Wilson, G. A. Fox
Numerical Modeling Of Bank Instability By Seepage Erosion Undercutting Of Layered Streambanks, M. L. Chu-Agor, G. V. Wilson, G. A. Fox
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Undercutting, primarily considered due to fluvial mechanisms, has been reported to have a major impact on slope failure. Predicting bank collapse specifically due to seepage erosion undercutting by particle mobilization on layered streambanks has not been fully studied or modeled, even though its role in streambank erosion may be important. The limitation originates from the limited field measurements or laboratory experiments as well as the unavailability of discrete element models that can effectively simulate seepage particle mobilization, undercutting, and the corresponding mass wasting. The objective of this research was to demonstrate a procedure for incorporating seepage undercutting into bank stability …
Genomic Analysis Of Fusarium Verticillioides, D. W. Brown, R. A.E. Butchko, R. H. Proctor
Genomic Analysis Of Fusarium Verticillioides, D. W. Brown, R. A.E. Butchko, R. H. Proctor
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) can be either an endophyte of maize, causing no visible disease, or a pathogen-causing disease of ears, stalks, roots and seedlings. At any stage, this fungus can synthesize fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins structurally similar to the sphingolipid sphinganine. Ingestion of fumonisin-contaminated maize has been associated with a number of animal diseases, including cancer in rodents, and exposure has been correlated with human oesophageal cancer in some regions of the world, and some evidence suggests that fumonisins are a risk factor for neural tube defects. A primary goal of the authors’ laboratory is to …
Soil Properties And Macro Cations Status Impacted By Long-Term Applied Poultry Litter, Zhongqi He, Irenus A. Tazisong, Zachary N. Senwo, Donglin Zhang
Soil Properties And Macro Cations Status Impacted By Long-Term Applied Poultry Litter, Zhongqi He, Irenus A. Tazisong, Zachary N. Senwo, Donglin Zhang
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Most ethnic populations worldwide consume poultry products. Whereas poultry litter (PL) is a traditionally inexpensive and effective fertilizer to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity, overapplication to soils has raised concerns because excess nutrients in runoff could accelerate the eutrophication of fresh bodies of water. A long-term field experiment of land application of PL to soils used for pasture growth has been maintained for nearly two decades in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama, USA. In this work, several soil parameters impacted by the long-term applied litter were characterized. The findings clearly support previous general observations that long-term applied …
Endocrine Responses Of Fast- And Slow-Growing Families Of Channel Catfish, Brian C. Peterson, Brian C. Small, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Brian G. Bosworth
Endocrine Responses Of Fast- And Slow-Growing Families Of Channel Catfish, Brian C. Peterson, Brian C. Small, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Brian G. Bosworth
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Sixty-eight families of USDA303 channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were evaluated for growth performance for 30 d. The fastest- and slowest-growing catfish families were further evaluated to examine the hypothesis that genes or gene products associated with the growth regulatory and stress axes can be used to describe differences in growth performance. Research examined mRNA levels of genes involved in the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (GH–IGF) network in fast- (family A) and slow-growing (family H) USDA303 catfish. Fish (59.0 ± 2.4 g) were fed for 7 weeks, weighed, and had tissues for RNA extraction. The remaining fish were subjected to an …
Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Juvenile Channel Catfish Reared At Different Water Temperatures And Fed Diets Containing Various Levels Of Fish Meal, Menghe H. Li, Edwin H. Robinson, Brian C. Peterson, Terry D. Bates
Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Juvenile Channel Catfish Reared At Different Water Temperatures And Fed Diets Containing Various Levels Of Fish Meal, Menghe H. Li, Edwin H. Robinson, Brian C. Peterson, Terry D. Bates
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus do not feed well at low temperatures. It is generally thought that a diet containing fish meal enhances feed palatability at low temperatures since fish meal is highly palatable to fish. There is a lack of information on the effects of fish meal levels on the growth performance of channel catfish reared at low temperatures. Therefore, a study was conducted in a recirculating system to examine the effects of fish meal levels on the feed consumption, weight gain, and feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish reared at various temperatures. Fish with an initial weight of 9.6 …
Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment On Crop Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till Conditions, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Hugo H. Rogers, H. Allen Torbert
Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment On Crop Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till Conditions, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Hugo H. Rogers, H. Allen Torbert
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration could increase crop productivity and alter crop nutrient dynamics. This study was conducted (3 yrs) with two crops ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]) grown under two CO2 levels (ambient and twice ambient) using open top field chambers on a Blanton loamy sand under no-tillage. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations and contents were determined for grain, stover, and roots. Although elevated CO2 tended to reduce nutrient concentrations, high CO2 consistently increased nutrient content especially in grain tissue; this response pattern was more notable with macronutrients. The …
Winter Cover Crops And Vinegar For Early-Season Weed Control In Sustainable Cotton, P. J. Moran, S. M. Greenberg
Winter Cover Crops And Vinegar For Early-Season Weed Control In Sustainable Cotton, P. J. Moran, S. M. Greenberg
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Weeds may be suppressed by winter cover crops and the use of organic herbicides such as vinegar. Black oat (Avena strigosa) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) winter cover crops were planted for 2 years as part of a sustainable production system for cotton in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and were till-killed each spring prior to cotton planting. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were frequently-encountered winter and spring weeds. Both cover crops controlled winter weeds as well as did winter tillage …