Life Sciences Commons^™

Factors To Consider When Buying And Managing Bulls, Ivan G. Rush, Connee Quinn

Range Beef Cow Symposium

When considering purchasing a sire price often becomes the first consideration. My father once said the most expensive bull he ever purchased was the one he bought the cheapest. If replacement heifers are retained in the herd, 80-90% of the genetic change in a herd will be made by the bull's genetic makeup. Thus, as leading ranchers know, making decisions in selecting bulls is very important. Management of the bull after he arrives at the farm or ranch is also very important. The best genetic package is of little value unless the bull is managed to serve a large number …

Consideration Of Weaning Time, Implanting Strategies And Carcass Data On Cow-Calf Decisions, Doug L. Hixon

Range Beef Cow Symposium

As the beef industry becomes more focused on the consumer, various management practices must be evaluated to determine what lasting effects they might have on final consumer product. In the past, we have evaluated the effects of management decisions on performance and measured differences in pounds produced. However, the dynamic nature of the beef industry and the necessity for sustainability requires that we measure performance in dollars rather than pounds. I often ask students to describe their ideal beef animal in eleven words or less. I believe the answer to that question is "the one that makes the most money …

Can Cow Adaptability And Carcass Acceptability Both Be Achieved?, R. D. Green, T. G. Field, N. S. Hammett, B. M. Ripley, S. P. Doyle

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Over the past couple of decades, the beef cattle industry has become a confusing place to exist. Messages have been conveyed to producers at a fast and furious pace. This would not be a problem if these messages were consistent and if they were compatible with each other, yet this is far from the real situation. Daryl Tatum has been known to occasionally coin the term to describe confusion as “someone being lost in his/her own fog”. Unfortunately, this verbage very accurately describes the beef cattle production environment of the 1990s.

Enhancing Management Decisions – History Of The Decision Evaluator For The Cattle Industry, Barry Dunn, T. G. Jenkins, C. B. Williams

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Ranch management is the decision making process of resource allocation for a business enterprise that manages natural resources, animals and capitol to meet goals of profitability and sustainability. While this brief sentence captures the essence of ranch management, simplicity is hardly one of ranch decision-making's characteristics. The diagram in Figure 1 has been used to describe the challenge of ranch management as a web of information and complex interrelationships that influence the viability of a beef cattle enterprise. While even this diagram simplifies the complexities faced by ranchers as they grapple with decisions, it does add sensitivity and understanding.

Ranching Information On The Web, Steve Swigert

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Each day, we are flooded with new information about different products, management practices or production procedures. To keep from missing out on the opportunities while keeping our sanity, we must become better users of information.

In the future, the use and transfer of this information will involve the use of Internet and the World Wide Web. By providing an around-the-clock link to the outside world for the user and a vast sea of information, the producer can access valuable information from any where in the world, whether they are located in northern Montana, southern Texas, or in the mountains of …

Snow Management And Windbreaks, R. L. Jairell, R. A. Schmidt

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Anticipating and planning for winters can save farmers and ranchers money with proper snow management and windbreaks. This paper describes tools developed by the U.S. Forest Service to control wind and blowing snow. The discussion updates reviews (Jairell and Schmidt 1989, 1991) of more detailed papers listed as references, available by request to the mailing address given at the end of the paper. Additional information is also available on the Internet at http://www-wrrc.uwyo.edu/wrds/rmfres.

Techniques for wind screening discussed here are (1) permanent livestock protection shelters, and (2) temporary, portable windscreens. Practices to control snow accumulation are discussed under the following …

Principles For Low Stress Cattle Handling, Temple Grandin

Range Beef Cow Symposium

An understanding of animal psychology combined with well designed facilities will reduce stress on both you and your cattle. Reducing stress is important because stress reduces the ability to fight disease and weight gain. The principles discussed in this book apply to all types of grazing animals. Stress increases weight loss, damages rumen function, and can interfere with reproduction.

An animal's previous experiences will affect its stress reaction to handling. Cattle have long memories. Animals which have been handled roughly will be more stresses and difficult to handle in the future. Animals which are handled gently and have become accustomed …

Market Outlook And Factors That Impact Cattle Prices, Randy Blach

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Content:

Cattle Number's and Meat Supply

Demand and Trade

Feedgrain

Outlook 2000

Strategies

Where’s the Profit

2001-2002 Outlook

Beef Industry Structure

Biochemical And Biophysical Analysis Of The Intracellular Lipid Binding Proteins Of Adipocytes, Melanie A. Simpson, Vince J. Licata, Natalie Ribarik Coe, David A. Bernlohr

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Adipocytes express two lipid-binding proteins; the major one termed the adipocyte lipid-binding protein or aP2 (ALBP/aP2) and a minor one referred to as the keratinocyte lipid-binding protein (KLBP). In order to evaluate the potential physiological roles for these proteins, their biochemical and biophysical properties have been analyzed and compared. ALBP/aP2 and KLBP exhibit similar binding affinities for most long-chain fatty acids; however, ALBP/aP2 exhibits a two to three-fold increased affi nity for myristic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, the predominant fatty acids of adipocytes. As measured by guanidinium hydrochloride denaturation, the stability of ALBP/aP2 is nearly 3 kcal/mol greater than …

A Study On The Relationship Between Eggshell Color, Egg Specific Gravity, And The Cuticle Of The Eggs Of Broiler Breeds, Byron Anthony Connor

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Visiting Professors From The Ukraine And Russia, Lynn Lutgen

Cornhusker Economics

The Department became involved in a faculty exchange program this summer. Four visiting professors joined us in August and will leave on December 14 to return to their respective universities. They have taken classes, traveled and developed class outlines and news articles that will be used when they return home. Following are some of their impressions and things they have done during their visit to the United States. I thought the readers might be interested in some of their thoughts.

A Study On The Relationship Between Eggshell Color And Eggshell Quality In Commercial Broiler Breeders, Lawrence Hatten Iii

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Legume Logic Number 112

Legume Logic

Contents

Pea seed quality for 2000

Chickpea quality

Seed decision for making for fungal diseases - Dr Mark Sweetingham

Pulse points

Photoperiodic And Pineal Modification Of The Effect Of 6-Methoxybenzoxazolinone On Deciduoma Growth In Rats, Everett S. Nixon

Electronic Dissertations and Theses

The compound 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) is a nonestrogenic compound that enhances reproduction. Decidualization, marked by the decidual cell reaction, is a process that causes the transformation of the uterine stromal cells into decidual cells. The purpose of the study was to determine the reproductive role of 6-MBOA during decidualization in rats exposed to a short photoperiod (8L: 16D), and a long photoperiod (16L: 8D). Decidualization was induced by surgical uterine scratch trauma unto the anti-mesometrial surface of the uterine epithelium on day 4 of pseudopregnancy (PPG) a reproductive state that precedes and converges into decidualization. Rats were treated with subcutaneous doses …

A Comparison Of Hsp70 Expression And Thermotolerance In Adults And Larvae Of Three Drosophila Species, Robert A. Krebs

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) and other molecular chaperones perform diverse physiological roles. One is to facilitate, in part, organismal thermotolerance, of which the functional consequences depend on Hsp70 concentration and developmental stage in Drosophila melanogaster. To test whether an Hsp70-thermotolerance relationship is a general phenomenon within Drosophila, I assayed Hsp70 concentration at a range of temperatures in intact larvae and adults of three species, D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mojavensis, and compared those results to the increase in survival to heat shock that occurs after an Hsp70 inducing pretreatment. Larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans responded similarly to …

Late Quaternary Fossil Mammals And Last Occurrence Dates From Caves At Barahona, Puerto Rico, Donald A. Mcfarlane

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Puerto Rico supported at least five genera of endemic terrestrial mammals in the late Quaternary, all of which are extinct. Whether these animals died out in the late Pleistocene, the mid-Holocene, or in post-Columbian time has not been established. This paper is the first attempt at radiometrically dating the 'last occurrences' of these taxa, together with the first unambiguous descriptions of localities reported by previous workers. Last occurrence dates for Nesophontes, Elasmodontomys and Heteropsomys are shown to be mid-Holocene and overlap with Amerindian occupation of the island. Acratocnus is known only from the late Pleistocene. No Puerto Rican taxon has …

Sampling Weed Spatial Variability On A Fieldwide Scale, Sharon A. Clay, G. Jason Lems, Frank Forcella, Michael M. Ellsbury, C. Gregg Carlson, David E. Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Site-specific weed management recommendations require knowledge of weed species, density, and location in the field. This study compared several sampling techniques to estimate weed density and distribution in two 65-ha no-till Zea mays–Glycine max rotation fields in eastern South Dakota. The most common weeds (Setaria viridis, Setaria glauca, Cirsium arvense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Polygonum pensylvanicum) were counted by species in 0.1-m2 areas on a 15- by 30-m (1,352 points in each field) or 30- by 30-m (676 points in each field) grid pattern, and points were georeferenced and data spatially analyzed. Using different sampling approaches, weed populations were estimated by …

Influence Of Deleterious Rhizobacteria On Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Esula) Roots, Mark A. Brinkman, Sharon A. Clay, Robert J. Kremer

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Rhizobacteria have been shown to be phytotoxic to leafy spurge in laboratory assays. This field study investigated the influence of two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens [Trevisan, (Migula)], deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB), on root weight, root bud number, and root carbohydrate content of leafy spurge at three sites located in northeast and north-central South Dakota. Soils were inoculated with 2 g of starch-based granules containing no bacteria or starch granules containing 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g of either bacterial strain LS102 (Montana origin) or LS174 (South Dakota origin). Bacterial strains were detected on root samples from treated areas. Root weight and root carbohydrate content …

Fisheries Research Report No. 118 - A Study Into Western Australia's Open Access And Wetline Fisheries, F Crowe, W Lehre, R C J Lenanton

Fisheries Research Reports

Western Australia's wetline fishery potentially includes every licensed fishing boat in the State and encompasses a number of inter-relationships between various boats and commercial fisheries. This study covers the 'wetline' or open access fishery, which encompasses those activities associated with the unrestricted Western Australian fishing boat licence (FBL). The activities associated with this fishery involve any commercial fishing which is not covered by fisheries legislation.

A separate section entitled 'So you want to go wetlining?' is provided at page 101 as an easy reference guide to industry and others interested in wetline fishing. It is recommended that it be read …

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Construct Of Psychopathic Personality (Psychopathy) In Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Scott O. Lilienfeld, Jonathan Gershon, Marshall Duke, Lori Marino, Frans B. M. De Waal

Sentience Collection

Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental …

Social Mechanisms Enhance Escape Responses In Shoals Of Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia Duboulayi, Culum Brown, Kevin Warburton

Aquaculture Collection

Shoaling behaviour has been shown to provide many benefits to group members. In this study we examined the ability of fish shoals to escape from a novel trawl apparatus. Fish in shoals of 5 found, and escaped through, a hole in the oncoming trawl more quickly than fish in pairs. Fish in the larger shoals displayed a significant decrease in escape latencies over a series of five trawls, providing clear evidence of net avoidance learning, whereas fish in pairs showed no evidence of learning over successive runs. Observations suggested that more information on the location of the escape route was …

Scale-Model Comprehension By Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Valerie A. Kuhlmeier, Sarah T. Boysen, Kimberly L. Mukobi

Sentience Collection

The ability of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to recognize the correspondence between a scale model and its real-world referent was examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, an adult female and a young adult male watched as an experimenter hid a miniature model food in 1 of 4 sites in a scale model. Then, the chimpanzees were given the opportunity to find the real food item that had been hidden in the analogous location in the real room. The female performed significantly above chance, whereas the male performed at chance level. Experiments 3 and 4 tested 5 adult and 2 adolescent chimpanzees …

Overall Animal Welfare Assessment Reviewed. Part 1: Is It Possible?, M.B.M. Bracke, B. M. Spruijt, J.H.M. Metz

Assessment of Animal Welfare Collection

Several authors have concluded that scientists should not attempt to perform overall animal welfare assessment (OWA). They argue that scientists have continued to fail to make progress in this area and that value judgements are inherently involved in OWA for which science cannot provide answers. We take a more positive attitude toward OWA and argue that scientists should avoid creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. OWA is necessary for making actual moral and political decisions. Science has already accumulated much relevant information about welfare and this information should be applied in decision making.

The task of OW A is to assess welfare …

Overall Animal Welfare Reviewed. Part 2: Assessment Tables And Schemes, M.B.M. Bracke, J.H.M. Metz, B. M. Spruijt

Assessment of Animal Welfare Collection

In the scientific literature several attempts have been made to systematically assess the overall welfare-status of animals in relation to housing and management. This paper reviews assessment tables and schemes that have been constructed to this end. These tables and schemes have a tabular format that allows an assessment of housing systems using a list of welfare-relevant attributes (properties of the housing system). Rather than identifying deficits, the focus of this review is on finding positive recommendations for the purpose of developing a method for overall welfare assessment (OWA) on a scientific basis. The main recommendation is to use the …

Overall Animal Welfare Reviewed. Part 3: Welfare Assessment Based On Needs And Supported By Expert Opinion, M.B.M. Bracke, B. M. Spruijt, J.H.M. Metz

Assessment of Animal Welfare Collection

Welfare concerns what matters to animals from their point of view. What matters to animals is their state of need. Satisfaction and frustration of needs are associated with emotional states, the subjective experience of which directly determines the welfare status of an animal. Because emotional states are difficult to assess, overall welfare assessment (OWA) is best approached as an assessment of needs.

For actual OW A a list of needs must be formulated. Different authors have formulated different lists. From these lists a concept need-list was constructed. For validation the needs-based approach for OWA was discussed in interviews with experts …

Abalone Aquaculture In Western Australia : Policy Guideline., Fisheries Western Australia.

Fisheries Management Papers

Experimental or commercial abalone aquaculture is being pursued in many countries with major investments in The United States, Taiwan, China and Korea as well as in Australia. The combined total abalone aquaculture production from China and Taiwan was reported to be in the order of 2,000 tonnes and continues to rise. As cultured ‘cocktail’ abalone are below the legal harvest size of wild abalone, there will be limited competition between aquaculture and the wild fisheries.

Summary Of Submissions To Fisheries Management Paper No. 126 : The South Coast Estuarine Fishery A Discussion Paper., Fisheries Western Australia.

Fisheries Management Papers

Fisheries Management Paper Number 126, ‘The South Coast Estuarine Fishery - A Discussion Paper’ presented a number of management proposals for consultation with stakeholders as a way forward in addressing ongoing, current and long-term issues relating to the long term sustainable management of the Fishery and the resource sharing issues that exist.

Molecular Evidence For A New Bacteriophage Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Christian H. Eggers, D. Scott Samuels

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We have recovered a DNase-protected, chloroform-resistant molecule of DNA from the cell-free supernatant of a Borrelia burgdorferi culture. The DNA is a 32-kb double-stranded linear molecule that is derived from the 32-kb circular plasmids (cp32s) of the B. burgdorferi genome. Electron microscopy of samples from which the 32-kb DNA molecule was purified revealed bacteriophage particles. The bacteriophage has a polyhedral head with a diameter of 55 nm and appears to have a simple 100-nm-long tail. The phage is produced constitutively at low levels from growing cultures of some B. burgdorferi strains and is inducible to higher levels with 10 mu …

Living Snow Fence

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Blowing and drifting snow has created problems for people ever since they stated their td to the West. Pioneers left Missouri in early spring to avoid deep snow in the mountains and blizzards on the plains. As early as 1905, railroad companies planted trees as barriers to control blowing snow along rights-of-way. By 1915, the. Great Northern Railway Company reported it had planted half a million tree seedlings.

Winter winds and snow have the power to disrupt our lives. Almost every year we hear local radio stations announce school closures became of blowing and drifting snow. Sometimes it's only a …

Monogenic Control Of Iris Coloration In The January Tetra (Hemigrammus Hyanuary Characidae), Jack Frankel

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

The January tetra (Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin) exhibits two eye color phenotypes. These have a silver iris, which is characteristic of the species, and a green color variant. Segregation patterns observed in the progenies from 12 different crosses support an hypothesis for the monogenic inheritance of iris coloration in this species.