Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons^™

Fouling Mitigation Using Helixchanger Heat Exchangers, Bashir I. Master, Krishnan S. Chunangad, Venkateswaran Pushpanathan

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

One of the major indeterminates in the design as well as operation of heat exchangers is the rate of fouling a select heat exchanger geometry would exhibit over the operation cycles. Gradual deterioration of heat exchanger performance due to the accumulation of fouling film on the heat transfer surface is often accounted for in the form of a fouling resistance, or commonly known as the fouling factor, while determining the heat transfer surface required for a specific heat duty. More often, the fouling mechanism responsible for the deterioration of heat exchanger performance is flow-velocity dependent. Maldistribution of flow, wakes and …

Overview Of Actual Methods For Characterization Of Ash Depostion, Ch. López, S. Unterberger, J. Maier, K. R. G. Hein

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

Utility operation with frequent fuel switching is a common practice, forced by cheaper coal availability in the international market. Additionally, a substitution of coal by cheaper local secondary fuels, ranging from forest wood to sewage sludge and industrial or domestic residues, is gaining importance. Switching between different fuels, even if these do not differ much from the design coal, enhances operational problems arising from ash deposition. In order to prevent operational problems, through comprehension of the phenomena taking place within the furnace, appropriate sampling and characterization of the deposits are necessary. Methods commonly used for analysis of ash deposits and …

Biocide Dosing Strategies For Biofilm Control, D. M. Grant , T. R. Bott

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

In order to reduce environmental impact of biocide use for the control of biofilm formation in cooling water circuits, “environmentally friendly” biocides have been developed, but they are generally more expensive than the more traditional chemicals. It is imperative therefore, that the minimum quantity of biocide is employed, so that costs are kept to a minimum. To achieve this objective optimum dosing strategies are required. Using apilot plant in conjunction with a monoculture of Pseudomonas fluorecsens as the biofouling bacterium, tests were carried out using a proprietary biocide, to investigate the effects of dose concentration, duration and frequency of dosing …

Development Of A Data-Based Method For Performance Monitoring Of Heat Exchangers, A. Sawyer, A. E. Ruggles, B. R. Upadhyaya, E. Eryurek, K. Kavaklioglu, J. Miller

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

A multivariate analysis method is developed for processing measurements, and for detecting and isolating faults and monitoring performance degradation in heat exchanger control loops. A heat exchanger inside a typical temperature to flow cascade loop is considered. This system includes a constant speed pump with flow control valves, pressure and temperature measurement. A proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is used to maintain a temperature set point for the exit flow on one side of the exchanger. A thermal-fluid model for the components in the system is developed. A Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) rule-base is formulated from results of simulations performed using …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

No abstract provided.

Bayer Process Heat Exchangers Cleaning Efficiency: Optimizing The Acid Dissolution Of Sodalite Scale, Sébastien Fortin , Raymond Breault

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

Aluminum metal is produced by the electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), mainly extracted from bauxite ore digested in a hot caustic soda solution. This solution is supersaturated with respect to sodium aluminate and silicate, which react together to form sodalite (3[Na₂O·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ ·2H₂O] ·Na₂CO₃) at high temperatures. Heat exchanger tubes are scaled with this compound, which seriously reduces heat transfer coefficient, thus increasing energy costs.

Heat exchanger tubes are cleaned periodically with a sulfuric acid solution that contains a corrosion inhibitor. An investigation …

Fouling And Cleaning Of Modified Stainless Steel Plate Heat Exchangers Processing Milk Products, M. Beuf, G. Rizzo, J. C. Leuliet, H. Müller-Steinhagen, S. Yiantsios, A. Karabelas, T. Benezech

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

Fouling of heat exchangers in dairy industries is still quite a severe problem both technically and economically. Altering the surface properties of the heating surfaces would be a way of solving this issue.

Modified steel surfaces were tested in an Alfa Laval V2 plate heat exchanger throughout dairy product sterilization. The behavior was analyzed for 8 different surface treatments, such as coatings (Diamond Like Carbon [DLC], Silica, SiO_X, Ni-P-PTFE, Excalibur^®, Xylan^®) and ion implantation (SiF+, MoS₂).

All fouling and cleaning experiments were carried out in standard and well-controlled operating conditions. After fouling, …

Analysis Of Fouling Data Based On Prior Knowledge, M. R. Malayeri , H. Müller-Steinhagen

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

Conventional regression methods are generally unable to analyse extremely complicated processes involving a considerable number of independent variables with poorly understood interaction. These methods use a defined equation for which the parameters of this equation have to be determined. It is however questionable whether any arbitrarily chosen equation is the best. This study aims to implement the powerful neural network architecture for a comprehensive data bank. The HTRI data bank contains a large and unique set of experimental data for cooling water fouling. Only a selection of the data bank is being used at the present time, due to the …

Comparison Of Crude Oil Fouling Using Two Different Probes, A. P. Watkinson

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

A variety of different fouling rigs, each with its own advantages and disadvantages is available to assess crude oil fouling. In this research, fouling of three crude oils are compared, using two electrically heated annular probes with strikingly different modes of operation. The Hot Liquid Process Simulator (HLPS) was operated in single-pass mode, under creeping flow conditions for time durations of a few hours at constant surface temperature. The Portable Fouling Research Unit (PFRU) was operated at velocities a factor of 250 higher, and followed the fouling process over two or more days at constant heat flux, using re-circulation of …

Improvements And New Developments In Self-Cleaning Heat Transfer Leading To New Applications , Dick G. Klaren

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

Improvements in the design have made the fluidized bed heat exchanger better suitable for the revamp of existing vertical severely fouling heat exchangers in evaporators, crystallizers and reboilers into a self-cleaning configuration. Highly viscous non-Newtonian slurries used in mineral processing can benefit from the fluidized bed heat exchanger not only due to its self-cleaning performance, but also as a result of the shear-thinning action of the fluidized particles which dramatically lowers the viscosity of the slurry. New developments have created the possibility to design compact self-cleaning fluidized bed heat exchangers which can compete with plate and frame exchangers.

An Effective Cip Procedure For Removing Dairy Protein Based Deposit – A Laboratory Investigation, Xiao Dong Chen, Necati Özkan, Frank Qin, Hong Xin, Lin Lin

Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications

In this paper, examples of using an in-situ electrochemical cleaning technique are illustrated. It can be shown that while using the standard chemical for cleaning in the dairy industry, the application of the in-situ electrochemical method is very effective in removing the dairy protein based fouling deposits. Both the gel protocol developed earlier and the real fouling procedure have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the new method.

Multi-Threshold Control Of The Bmap/Sm/1/K Queue With Group Services, Alexander Dudin N., Srinivas R. Chakravarthy

Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Publications

We consider a finite capacity queue in which arrivals occur according to a batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP). The customers are served in groups of varying sizes. The services are governed by a controlled semi-Markovian process according to a multithreshold strategy. We perform the steady-state analysis of this model by computing (a) the queue length distributions at departure and arbitrary epochs, (b) the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the sojourn time distribution of an admitted customer, and (c) some selected system performance measures. An optimization problem of interest is presented and some numerical examples are illustrated.

Integrating Tolerances In G And M Codes Using Neural Networks, Vijay Kumar Sundareshan

Theses

Continuous integrated solutions from CAD down to the preparation of NC programs were developed in the recent years. However, if tolerances should be considered, the interaction of human experts is still necessary. A way to fill this gap in the production process is shown in this thesis. The study builds a relationship between the given design tolerances and including these tolerances in machining by generating respective G and M codes. The study focuses on physical phenomena and their inter-relationship while manufacturing. For example how the speed of machining, torque, power, depth of cut, etc. influences machining under specified tolerances. Artificial …

Simulation Activity Diagrams, John Ryan, Cathal Heavey

Conference papers

This paper presents a technique, Simulation Activity Diagrams (SAD), developed to lessen the modelling burden during the initial requirements gathering phases of a simulation project. The technique also allows the capture and visual communication of detailed information, to manufacturing personnel, which may otherwise be lost in detailed programming code.

Discrete-Event Simulation: Simulation Practices And Trends, Paul Savory

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Presentations

Discrete-event computer simulation is one of industry’s most used operations research techniques. Its uses range from answering questions about work-in-process and production feasibility to comparing alternative plans for system routing and scheduling. This presentation offers a brief overview of practices and trends.

Incorporating E-Commerce Technologies Into Small And Medium Manufacturing Industries In Tanzania, M. A.M. Victor

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Businesses worldwide are making use of the new opportunities which have been brought up by the developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the Internet. Big businesses, especially those multinationals in the developed nations have invested heavily on these technologies and they are reaping their benefits. This paper reports on a study conducted to look at the key issues to be considered in order for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania be able to position themselves technologically in what is termed as E-commerce. Cost and benefits, policy, training and infrastructure issues are looked at in this study.

Weibull Model Development For Fatigue Crack Growth, Bobby Day, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

This effort is an attempt to "Weibullize" fatigue crack growth rate data as a function of stress intensity range (ΔΚ). It is not a classical Weibull application in that it does not address a population but rather treats rate of crack growth as a fraction of the highest rate of crack growth rate in the data set (usually the final data point of the set) as the "failed fraction of a population." All da/dN values are converted to a percentage or fraction of the 100% data value, processed into a linear relationship and plotted against the natural log of the …

A Review Of Nanotechnology Applications, Nick Ledbetter, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

A review of current technology research efforts has been conducted in this paper. In nanoscience, objects are measured in nanometers, 1 billionth of a meter. For comparison, a human hair is approximately 100,000 nanometers thick and the smallest feature on current computer chips measures about 200 nanometers. Since nanotechnology has a wide range of applications from computer chip manufacturing, new materials, renewable energy, interconnection technology to mount the nano-chips, and in medical science, this review presents a broad summary of development efforts in the government and private sector laboratories. Therefore this project on the one hand prepares a review of …

Using Simulation To Evaluate And Improve Performance Of The Contact Center At Bluecross Blueshield Of Tennessee, Charat Siriphongvuttikorn

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee is a not-for-profit organization in health care financing with more than 4,300 employees and has a service area covering ninety five counties in Tennessee. The company now has three customer service divisions and the regional division is the biggest customer service division of the company.The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of the contact center of the regional division and improve its performance through the simulation while still maintaining the standard service level required by the BlueCross BlueShield Association. The simulation model was built by using Pro Model 2002 to represent the operation …

Semester Project For Engineering Entrepreneurship, Paul Savory

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Instructional Materials

This is the semester, team-based, student project required for my special topics course on Engineering Entrepreneurship. The semester project focuses on developing a preliminary business plan for a company. This will entail coming up with an idea, exploring the marketability of the idea, and developing preliminary plans for the business.

Aligning Hierarchical Goals In An Organization: The Path From Training To Performance, Jeanette Denise Selby-Lucas

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Training is a multi-billion-dollar industry, and with the advent of the training technology revolution and the possibilities it provides to business and government, as well as to the academic community, it is important to determine if the money invested in training by these communities is providing the expected performance on the part of those who are trained. This can be done by quantitatively evaluating the relationship between training and performance.

This study extends the scholarly literature by developing the concept of organizational alignment through a combination of Human Performance Technology literature and traditional engineering methodologies. Organizational training and performance is …

Comparison Of Repair Costs Of Two Wheel Drive Tractors Under Tanzania Conditions, S. M. Mpanduji

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The repair costs of 2WD tractors were investigated in order to provide important information, which lacks in the scope of agricultural mechanization in Tanzania. Previously repair cost functions established for tractors in developed countries were used for both theoretical and practical purposes. The findings of this study have revealed that repair costs of tractors vary substantially from one make to another. The prediction functions developed in this study indicated that the magnitudes of repair costs in Tanzania are higher than the repair costs established in Europe and North America. The reason for this could be either due to high cost …

Analysis Of Costs And Delivery Intervals For Multiple-Release Software, High-Way Sun

Dissertations

Project managers of large software projects, and particularly those associated with Internet Business-to-Business (B2B) or Business-to-Customer (B2C) applications, are under pressure to capture market share by delivering reliable software with cost and timing constraints. An earlier delivery time may help the E-commerce software capture a larger market share. However, early delivery sometimes means lower quality. In addition, most of the time the scale of the software is so large that incremental multiple releases are warranted.

A Multiple-Release methodology has been developed to optimize the most efficient and effective delivery intervals of the various releases of software products, taking into consideration …

A Taxonomy Of Scheduling Problems In Semiconductor Device Test Operations, Tali Freed, Robert C. Leachman, Kenneth H. Doerr

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Semiconductor device test facilities differ not only by production volume and tester brands. The complexity of the devices and the characteristics of the testers affect the scheduling methodologies as well. Goals and strategies vary from one firm to another, leading to a variety of objectives and performance measures. Due to random yield lot size is variable and lot priorities are common. Changeover times are oftentimes sequence-dependent. Since semiconductor device testing systems are very costly, scheduling methods that increase the throughput of the facility are financially significant. In this paper we describe a variety of semiconductor device testing environments, develop mathematical …

Course On Engineering Entrepreneurship, Paul Savory

Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Instructional Materials

This is the syllabus and course note packet for students in my Engineering Entrepreneurship course. This special-topic class focuses on starting and managing a successful business. Topics will include: marketing, finance, human resources, operations, legal issues, initial public offering, and succession and estate planning. Due to the engineering background of the students, special emphasis will be on exploring the legal issues involved in the process of applying for a patent. The course will enable a student to evaluate his or her own desires and prospects for a career as an entrepreneur. In so doing, it will provide the aspiring entrepreneur …

Generic Cost Estimation Framework For Design And Manufacturing Evaluation, Uday A. Kilkami

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A major drawback of current cost estimation models is their incapability of embracing effectively complete product development stage. Parametric estimation works well in early stages of design, but in detail design stage, a more complete estimation is provided by process model based and detail estimation techniques. A major paradigm shift is proposed in this work whereby ‘Cost’ is to be considered as a design parameter from scientific perspective, and it is to be treated as a design consequence rather than as an operational outcome. A comprehensive framework using System Analysis fundamentals is designed to study ‘Process Cost’ aspects of part …

Definition And Evaluation Of Bus And Truck Automation Operations Concepts, H.-S. Jacob Tsao, Jan Botha

Faculty Publications

Traffic congestion will continue to worsen and likely worsen at a faster rate than ever. People throughput and freight throughput have become critical issues for California and the rest of the nation. PATH has been funding a one-year research project entitled “Definition And Evaluation of Bus And Truck Automation Operations Concepts,” proposed by the authors. This report summarizes the results of the research project achieved during the first six months. During those six months, we reviewed literature and developed operating concepts for both urban bus automation and inter-city truck automation. We also selected a small number of most promising operating …

The Need For Pfc Abatement In Semiconductor Manufacturing, Mohsen Manesh, Brian Kendrick

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) are highly stable chemical compounds used in two integral steps of semiconductor manufacturing: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers and etch chambers. Unfortunately, PFCs are also greenhouse gases linked to global warming. This, combined with their long atmospheric lifetimes gives them global warming potentials much higher than C02 the principal greenhouse gas. In a series of voluntary agreements with the United States and other national governments, the worldwide semiconductor industry has set a goal of reducing PFC emissions to 90% of their 1995 levels. To reach this goal, researchers have explored four main methods of reduction: substitution of PFCs, …

The Quality Problem Solving Method And Its Effectiveness At Nortech Inc., Jeffrey Henderson

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Effect Of Exposure Time On The Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Of Aircraft Skin Material, Kathryn Lemasters, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

The objective of this research project is to identify the effects of service exposure on aircraft materials. The senior author participated in the KC-135 Corrosion Prevention Program conducted by the University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Data from this research program was analyzed to compare the fatigue crack growth rates of aged aircraft materials with those of virgin materials. 2024-T3(clad) Middle Tension (M(T)) specimens were machined from the fuselage and upper wing skins of a retired aircraft. Fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and mode 1 stress intensity factor range (Δ K) plots were generated for both sets of data. The …