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- Water quality (3)
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- Manure management (2)
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- Nitrogen movement (2)
- Nutrient losses (2)
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- Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications (19)
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Conference Presentations and White Papers (6)
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research (4)
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Articles 31 - 39 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Biological Engineering
Pathogen Best Management Practices (Bmps), Richard K. Koelsch
Pathogen Best Management Practices (Bmps), Richard K. Koelsch
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Conference Presentations and White Papers
Management practices targeting pathogens focus on establishing multiple barriers between the pathogen source and water, with each barrier designed to lessen the risk of pathogens. The “Agricultural Environmental Management” program developed at Cornell University for dairy producers in New York watersheds promotes a four-barrier approach.
High Temperature Dilute Acid Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermudagrass, Arthur Redding, Deepak R. Keshwani, Ziyu Wang, Jay J. Cheng
High Temperature Dilute Acid Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermudagrass, Arthur Redding, Deepak R. Keshwani, Ziyu Wang, Jay J. Cheng
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Conference Presentations and White Papers
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol is an encouraging technology in the face of concerns over global warming and finite energy resources. In the southeastern United States, coastal bermudagrass shows potential for use as an energy crop for ethanol production. A review of the literature has shown that research has been done on the dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of costal bermudagrass at 121ºC prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. This study examined dilute acid concentrations of 0.3%(w/w) to 1.2%(w/w) at temperatures from 120C to 180C over residence times of 5 to 60 minutes in an effort to optimize the pretreatment process …
Alkaline Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermudagrass For Bioethanol Production, Ziyu Wang, Deepak R. Keshwani, Arthur P. Redding, Jay J. Cheng
Alkaline Pretreatment Of Coastal Bermudagrass For Bioethanol Production, Ziyu Wang, Deepak R. Keshwani, Arthur P. Redding, Jay J. Cheng
Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Conference Presentations and White Papers
Lignocellulosic materials are regarded as an alternative energy source for bioethanol production to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Pretreatment is important for improving the enzymatic digestibility of lignocelluloses to increase the yield of fermentable sugars. Alkaline (sodium hydroxide and lime (calcium hydroxide)) pretreatment of coastal bermudagrass for enhanced reducing sugars recovery was investigated in this study. The effect of NaOH pretreatment at 121°C using 1%, 2% and 3% (w/v) NaOH for 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes was evaluated first. Lower NaOH concentrations (0.5% and 0.75%) and lower temperatures (50, 80 and 100°C) were then examined. Lime (0.1 g …
Computational Modeling Of Oxidative Stress: An Analysis Of Nad(P)H Effects On Nitric Oxide And Superoxide During Hypertension, Aaron Strobel
Computational Modeling Of Oxidative Stress: An Analysis Of Nad(P)H Effects On Nitric Oxide And Superoxide During Hypertension, Aaron Strobel
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Nitric oxide (NO) is inactivated in the human body when exposed to superoxide (02-). This reaction forms peroxynitrite (ONOO). Superoxide is produced in the cardiac system by several mechanisms, including NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) breaks down superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. This prevents superoxide from reacting with nitric oxide and allows normal function to take place. Superoxide and peroxynitrite are main contributors to vascular disease in the human body, in particular hypertension.
Performance Evaluation Of Aluminum Test Cell Designed For Determining The Heat Resistance Of Bacterial Spores In Foods, H.-J. Chung, Sohan Birla, Juming Tang
Performance Evaluation Of Aluminum Test Cell Designed For Determining The Heat Resistance Of Bacterial Spores In Foods, H.-J. Chung, Sohan Birla, Juming Tang
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Thermal inactivation kinetic studies are necessary to determine heat resistances of spores in the development of new thermal processes for low-acid shelf-stable products. Most currently available sample holders used in the kinetic studies take long time to reach the target sample temperature, hence fail to provide isothermal condition. In this research, novel aluminum test cells were developed to facilitate easy loading and unloading solid and liquid food samples in a hermetically sealed 1 ml cavity to evaluate the heat resistance of bacterial spores when heated at temperatures above 100 °C. Design of the test cell was governed by minimum come-up …
Narrow Grass Hedge Effects On Nutrient Transport Following Compost Application, John E. Gilley, B. Eghball, David B. Marx
Narrow Grass Hedge Effects On Nutrient Transport Following Compost Application, John E. Gilley, B. Eghball, David B. Marx
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
The placement of stiff‐stemmed grass hedges on the contour along a hillslope has been shown to decrease nutrient transport in runoff. This study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of a narrow grass hedge in reducing runoff nutrient transport from plots with a range of soil nutrient values. Composted beef cattle manure was applied at dry weights of 0, 68, 105, 142, and 178 Mg ha-1 to a silty clay loam soil and then incorporated by disking. Soil samples were collected 243 days later for analysis of water‐soluble phosphorus (WSP), Bray and Kurtz No. 1 phosphorus (Bray‐1 P), NO …
Variability Analyses Of Alfalfa-Reference To Grass-Reference Evapotranspiration Ratios In Growing And Dormant Seasons, Suat Irmak, Ayse Kilic, T. A. Howell, Derrel Martin, J. O. Payero, K. S. Copeland
Variability Analyses Of Alfalfa-Reference To Grass-Reference Evapotranspiration Ratios In Growing And Dormant Seasons, Suat Irmak, Ayse Kilic, T. A. Howell, Derrel Martin, J. O. Payero, K. S. Copeland
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETr) values sometimes need to be converted to grass-reference ET (ETo), or vice versa, to enable crop coefficients developed for one reference surface to be used with the other. However, guidelines to make these conversions are lacking. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop ETr to ETo ratios (Kr values) for different climatic regions for the growing season and nongrowing (dormant) seasons; and (2) determine the seasonal behavior of Kr values between the locations and in the same location for different seasons. Monthly average Kr values …
Nutrient Transport As Affected By Rate Of Overland Flow, John E. Gilley, W. F. Sabatka, B. Eghball, David B. Marx
Nutrient Transport As Affected By Rate Of Overland Flow, John E. Gilley, W. F. Sabatka, B. Eghball, David B. Marx
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Little information is currently available concerning the effects of varying flow rate on nutrient transport by overland flow. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of overland flow rate on nutrient transport following the application of beef cattle or swine manure to plots containing 0, 2, 4, or 8 Mg ha-1 of corn residue. After addition of residue materials to 0.75 m wide by 2.0 m long plots, beef cattle or swine manure was added and the plots were then either disked or maintained in a no-till condition. Three 30 min simulated rainfall events, separated by …
Characterization Of Radio Frequency Heating Of Fresh Fruits Influenced By Dielectric Properties, Sohan Birla, S. Wang, Juming Tang, G. Tiwari
Characterization Of Radio Frequency Heating Of Fresh Fruits Influenced By Dielectric Properties, Sohan Birla, S. Wang, Juming Tang, G. Tiwari
Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications
Because of its fast and volumetric nature, radio frequency (RF) heating has been looked upon as a way to overcome the problems associated with conventional heating methods used for disinfestation of fruits. But non-uniform heating within fruits is a major obstacle in adaptation of this technology. In this study, RF heating patterns influenced by dielectric properties (DPs) of fruits were investigated both experimentally and mathematically. A computer simulation model was developed using FEMLAB 3.4, a commercial software for solving Maxwell’s electromagnetic and Fourier’s heat transfer equations. Orange, apple, grapefruit, peach, and avocado fruits, selected for these studies were subjected to …