Engineering Commons^™

Examining Unstable Approach Predictors Using Flight Data Monitoring Information, David Alan Carroll

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The approach and landing phase of flight is statistically the most dangerous part of flying. While it only accounts for 4% of flight time, it represents 49% of commercial jet mishaps. One key to mitigating the risks involved in this flight segment is the stabilized approach. A stabilized approach requires meeting rigorous standards for many flight parameters as the aircraft nears landing. Exceeding any of these parameters results in an unstable approach (UA). The energy management (EM) accomplished by the flight crew, represented by the EM variables in the study, influences the execution of a stabilized approach.

While EM is …

Predicting General Aviation Accidents Using Machine Learning Algorithms, Bradley S. Baugh

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

On-Chip Nonreciprocal Components For Full-Duplex Communications And Gaussian Regulated Gate Driver For Electromagnetic Interference Reduction, Chang Yang

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is comprised of two unrelated design endeavors. The first one is about two CMOS nonreciprocal components: 1) an isolator and 2) a circulator. To make the components compact enough for the next generation communication systems with wide bandwidth, both components operate at 100 GHz band for full-duplex transceivers for ultra-high-data-rate millimeter-wave wireless communication. The proposed nonreciprocal structures are based on a time-domain modulation by signals at around 1/6 of the RF frequencies and spatial duplexing over the RF signal paths, demonstrating over 45 dB isolation in a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz over the tuning range of 85-110 GHz. …

A Comparative Study Of Cannabinoids & Cb1 Receptor Gi Signaling, Haley Kristen Andersen

Theses and Dissertations

The legalization of medical marijuana has highlighted cannabinoids as a potential, opioid-free therapeutic option for pain management; however, the rise in illicit synthetic cannabinoid-induced toxicity has demonstrated the need to outline cannabinoid molecular signaling. The cannabinoid-type 1 (CB1) receptor is an endogenous G protein-gated receptor (GPCR), well-expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with modulating neuronal activity. Cannabinoid agonists bind to the CB1 receptor resulting in the inhibitory G protein (Gi) complex to dissociate into two subunits, Gβγi and Gαi. The Gαi subunit inhibits adenylyl cyclase, leading to a decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The Gβγi subunit activates …

Effect Of Additional Weight On Human Squat Exercise Stability: Ground Reaction Forces And Centers Of Pressure, Jose Galarza, Dumitru Carantu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The main focus of this work is to investigate the effect of weight on the stability of human squat exercise. The squat exercise is a common daily activity. Experiments are conducted using one human subject. A VICON motion analysis system integrated with Force Plates is utilized for these experiments. An experimental protocol is developed and followed. This work analyzes the time series of the normal component of the ground reaction forces and each coordinate of the center of pressure. These time series are used to estimate the Lyapunov Exponents using Rosenstein method. MATLAB software package is used for this investigation. …

Mode Analysis And Applications Of Three-Layer Step-Index And Depressed-Core Optical Fibers, Xiaokang Lian

Doctoral

Optical fibersplay important roles in telecommunication, imaging, sensing, lasers and amplifiers. The rapid development of fiberopticsover the past decades has beenunderpinnedbyvarious designs of the optical fibers and bythe rapid improvement of the understanding of the waveguiding mechanismsand associated models. According to the cross-section refractive index distribution, optical fibers can be generally classified into four basic types: two-layer step-index fiber, three-layer step-index fiber, three-layer depressed-core fiber and hollow-core fiber.Among these four basic fibertypes,the modeproperties and the applications of the three-layer step-index and depressed-core fibers have notbeensufficiently investigated. This thesis presents a detailedmode analysis in three-layer step-index and depressed-core fibers and their …

A Novel Framework Using Neutrosophy For Integrated Speech And Text Sentiment Analysis, Florentin Smarandache, Kritika Mishra, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, Vasantha Kandasamy W.B.

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

With increasing data on the Internet, it is becoming difficult to analyze every bit and make sure it can be used efficiently for all the businesses. One useful technique using Natural Language Processing (NLP) is sentiment analysis. Various algorithms can be used to classify textual data based on various scales ranging from just positive-negative, positive-neutral-negative to a wide spectrum of emotions. While a lot of work has been done on text, only a lesser amount of research has been done on audio datasets. An audio file contains more features that can be extracted from its amplitude and frequency than a …

Preparation And Analysis Of Cement Bricks Based On Rice Straw, Hend Ahmed, Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, M. A. Radwan, M. A. Sadek, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Egypt, rice straw is burnt as an easy and the cheap method to get rid of it leads to making a giant black cloud covers Cairo and southern delta governorates. Main purpose of this research is to produce green brick of cement and in-expensive agriculture waste (rice straw) with law price and good characteristics of thermal insulation and acoustic resistance. Different samples of cement brick based on rice straw of many percentages were prepared. First, select best mixture of concrete brick before adding rice straw after preparing and leave for curing time. Then, rice straw is added with various …

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Trunk Musculature On The Lumbar Spine Injury During A High-Speed Frontal Central Crash, Nan Lin

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Motor vehicle crashes have been a leading cause of fatalities and injuries worldwide. Owing to new protection systems, the occurrence of injuries has been decreasing in recent years. On the contrary, the incidence of lumbar spine injuries in frontal crashes has been increasing as a function of the vehicle model year. However, only a few studies focused on lumbar spine injuries in vehicle crashes. Therefore, the mechanism of lumbar spine injuries has not been understood thoroughly. Muscle contraction is one of the factors that influence the risk of lumbar spine injuries as occupants tend to brace their muscles during a …

Organ Segmentation Of Pediatric Computed Tomography (Ct) With Generative Adversarial Networks, Chi Nok Enoch Kan

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Accurately segmenting organs in abdominal computed tomography (CT) is crucial for many clinical applications such as organ-specific dose estimation. With the recent emergence of deep learning techniques for computer vision, many powerful frameworks are proposed for organ segmentation in abdominal CT images. A major problem with these state-of-the-art methods is that they depend on large amounts of training data to achieve high segmentation accuracy. Pediatric abdominal CTs are particularly hard to obtain since these children are much more sensitive to ionizing radiation than adults. It is extremely challenging to train automatic segmentation algorithms on pediatric CT volumes. To address these …

Aerial Imaging Riverflow System Using Optical Flow, Jamir Shariar Jyoti

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Watershed models of extreme flooding events require accurate and reliablemeasurements of streamflow for calibration and validation. However, flow rate measurements during floods are inherently uncertain, and physical measurements of velocity during flood conditions are prohibitive in many cases. Therefore, novel methods to measure stream velocity during extreme floods must be considered. This work addresses this challenge through the development of the Aerial Imaging Riverflow System (AIRS), a novel system that utilizes drones, aerial imagery, and optical flow algorithm to measure velocity in rivers and streams. This system was applied at a case study location on the Menomonee River in Wauwatosa, …

Seasonal Hydrologic And Biogeochemical Drivers Of Nutrient Availability In Urban Green Spaces, Isabelle R. Horvath

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Humans dominate urban nutrient cycles – adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) through car exhaust, fertilizer over-use, and pet waste. N and P are transported to streams via stormwater runoff, where they create eutrophic conditions and reduced water quality. Urban green spaces, like green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), have potential to mitigate N and P pollution through retention in soils and plants. Nutrient retention is accomplished in urban green spaces through filtration, plant uptake, and biogeochemical processes. These processes are highly variable, due to the influence of varying environmental drivers, such as temperature, rainfall, soil moisture, and soil redox status. This …

Impact Of Sewershed Characteristics On Rainfall Derived Inflow And Infiltration, Spencer Michael Sebo

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Cities rely on sewer systems to transport wastewater and stormwater, but sometimes these systems are overwhelmed, and their capacity is exceeded due to excess water in the system from rainfall derived inflow and infiltration. This can lead to overflows and backups that can be detrimental to health and property. Excess water from rainfall derived inflow and infiltration enters a sewer system through a multitude of ways, including downspout connections, foundation drains, pipe joints, and broken pipes. Identifying these sources individually can be time intensive and expensive if entire service areas need to be addressed. High level screening tools are therefore …

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Predictive Diagnosis From Patient-Facing Survey, Taiwo Fasae

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a leading cause of dizziness and imbalance that is responsible for one-third of fall incidents. Diagnosis, however, is ridden with uncertainties and errors. This thesis explores various techniques for BPPV predictive diagnosis from a survey study and proposes measures for predictive performance improvement. Patient-facing surveys are established ways of acquiring medical history in clinical settings and, as this thesis demonstrates, are capable of conveying patterns distinguishable for accurate diagnosis. This work begins by discussing BPPV and vestibular disorders in general, and the risks associated with misdiagnosis or elusive diagnosis. Innovative efforts by medical professionals …

Seasonal Hydrologic And Biogeochemical Drivers Of Nutrient Availability In Urban Green Spaces, Isabelle R. Horvath

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Humans dominate urban nutrient cycles – adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) through car exhaust, fertilizer over-use, and pet waste. N and P are transported to streams via stormwater runoff, where they create eutrophic conditions and reduced water quality. Urban green spaces, like green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), have potential to mitigate N and P pollution through retention in soils and plants. Nutrient retention is accomplished in urban green spaces through filtration, plant uptake, and biogeochemical processes. These processes are highly variable, due to the influence of varying environmental drivers, such as temperature, rainfall, soil moisture, and soil redox status. This …

A Simplified Method For Experimentally Quantifying Crude Oil Swelling During Immiscible Carbon Dioxide Injection, Sherif Fakher, Abdulmohsin Imqam

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Immiscible carbon dioxide (CO₂) injection is one of the highly applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods due to its high oil recovery potential and its ability to store CO₂ in the reservoir. The main mechanism of immiscible CO₂ injection is oil swelling. Generally, oil swelling is measured experimentally or measured using modeling methods. This research conducts oil swelling experiments using a simplified method in order to easily and accurately measure oil swelling and determines some of the most significant factors that may impact oil swelling during CO₂ injection. The impact of varying CO₂ injection …

Measuring Three-Dimensional Temperature Distributions In Steel-Concrete Composite Slabs Subjected To Fire Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors, Yi Bao, Matthew S. Hoehler, Christopher M. Smith, Matthew Bundy, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Detailed information about temperature distribution can be important to understand structural behavior in fire. This study develops a method to image three-dimensional temperature distributions in steel–concrete composite slabs using distributed fiber optic sensors. The feasibility of the method is explored using six 1.2 m × 0.9 m steel–concrete composite slabs instrumented with distributed sensors and thermocouples subjected to fire for over 3 h. Dense point clouds of temperature in the slabs were measured using the distributed sensors. The results show that the distributed sensors operated at material temperatures up to 960◦C with acceptable accuracy for many structural fire applications. The …

Microstructural Influence On Mechanical Properties Of A Lightweight Ultrahigh Strength Fe-18mn-10al-0.9c-5ni (Wt%) Steel, Michael Piston, Laura Bartlett, Krista R. Limmer, Daniel M. Field

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study evaluates the role of thermomechanical processing and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot rolled, annealed, and aged Fe-18Mn-10Al-0.9C-5Ni (wt%) steel. The steel exhibited rapid age hardening kinetics when aged in the temperature range of 500-600 ⁰C for up to 50 h, which has been shown in other work to be the result of B2 ordering in the ferrite and K-carbide precipitation within the austenite matrix. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 1120 MPa in the annealed condition to 1230 MPa after 2 h of aging at 570 ⁰C. Charpy V-notch toughness was evaluated …

Systematic Power Integrity Analysis Based On Inductance Decomposition In A Multi-Layered Pcb Pdn, Biyao Zhao, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Stephen Scearce, Matteo Cocchini, Brice Achkir, Albert E. Ruehli, Bruce Archambeault, Jun Fan, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An approach is presented for power integrity analysis on multi-layer printed circuit boards in this paper. Two critical current paths are analyzed. Inductance decomposition is applied to identify the critical parameters that can influence the PDN input impedance. Two types of stack-ups are used to perform sensitivity analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of PDN design guidelines. Based on the analysis of the inductance contribution from different blocks in the PCB PDN, a systematic approach to obtain a complete understanding of PDN behavior is proposed. The approach can be used to provide design guidance in PDN design practice.

Overcoming Anaerobic Digestion Toxicity Of Aqueous Liquid From Wastewater ‎Solids Pyrolysis, Seyedehfatemeh Seyedi

Dissertations (1934 -)

Pyrolysis treats and potentially recovers energy from wastewater solids (WWS). ‎Aqueous pyrolysis liquid (APL), however, is produced and its management is a ‎bottleneck to pyrolysis full-scale application. To overcome this bottleneck, ‎anaerobic digestion (AD) may be a possible method to manage APL, but APL ‎digestion has not been conclusively demonstrated. In AD, a select group of ‎microorganisms convert organic chemicals to biogas containing methane that ‎can be used as a fuel. In this dissertation work, APL derived from WWS pyrolysis ‎was successfully converted into methane as the sole substrate and as a co-‎digestate with synthetic primary sludge in long-term, continuous …

Design Of Novel Experiments And Analyses For Head And Spine Trauma Biomechanics, John Robert Humm

Dissertations (1934 -)

Previous biomechanics research studies have used both whole-body and isolated postmortem human surrogate experiments to define human injury tolerances, advance safety in injury producing environments, and promulgate standards for design of injury mitigating systems. Recent developments in transportation and sports-related fields have led to an increasing need to determine tolerances for combined loading (multi-axis) scenarios. This dissertation demonstrates the efficacy of the novel experimental design and analysis to head and spine trauma in these modalities. The first topic was the design of a novel experiment to examine the effect oblique loading on the tension tolerance of the lumbar spine. To …

Stochastic Methods For Fine-Grained Image Segmentation And Uncertainty Estimation In Computer Vision, Philipe Ambrozio Dias

Dissertations (1934 -)

In this dissertation, we exploit concepts of probability theory, stochastic methods and machine learning to address three existing limitations of deep learning-based models for image understanding. First, although convolutional neural networks (CNN) have substantially improved the state of the art in image understanding, conventional CNNs provide segmentation masks that poorly adhere to object boundaries, a critical limitation for many potential applications. Second, training deep learning models requires large amounts of carefully selected and annotated data, but large-scale annotation of image segmentation datasets is often prohibitively expensive. And third, conventional deep learning models also lack the capability of uncertainty estimation, which …

Study Of Techniques To Enhance The Performance Of Concrete Members Strengthened By Externally Bonded Composite Materials, Zhao Wang

Dissertations (1934 -)

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials has been widely recognized as a popular technique for strengthening concrete structures. To find advanced strategies to improve the bond behavior of externally bonded composites strengthened concrete, three major tasks were conducted in this study: experimental work, finite element (FE) analysis, and reliability analysis. The mechanical properties and the deterioration due to water absorption of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) epoxy composites with different contents of CNFs were tested through uniaxial tensile test. According to the tensile test results, adding CNFs could significantly enhance the tensile behavior for epoxy resin. Because adding proper …

Analysis Of Bristle-Tip Impact Crater For Wire Impact Tool, Jian Zhang

Dissertations (1934 -)

Bristle blasting is a novel method that is rapidly gaining widespread acceptance among engineers and practitioners in the surface preparation industry. This process contains the use of a specially designed wire bristle tool that is precisely tuned to the spindle speed of a power tool that rotates at approximately 2,500 rpm. That is, the principle of operation is based upon synchronized/repeated impact and rebound of bristle tips with the target surface, leading to a multitude of impact craters that remove corrosion, expose fresh substrate material, and generate anchor profile. Hence, it is important to develop a model to research the …

Deep Learning For Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Reconstruction, Juan Liu

Dissertations (1934 -)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that estimates tissue magnetic susceptibility from Larmor frequency offset measurements. The generation of QSM requires solving ill-posed background field removal (BFR) and field-to-source inversion problems. Incorrect BFR often introduces erroneous local field outputs and subsequently affects susceptibility quantification accuracy. Inaccurate field-to-source inversion often causes large susceptibility estimation errors that appear as streaking artifacts in the QSM, especially in massive hemorrhagic regions. Because current QSM techniques struggle to generate reliable QSM, the clinical translation of QSM is greatly hindered. Recently, deep learning (DL) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many computer …

Human-Automation Interaction Testbed For Evaluating User Control Methods And Training, Sarah M. O'Meara

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

In a complex work environment, an operational challenge may be controlling the multitude of independent objects that are required for a manual task and/or object manipulation, such as experienced by astronauts, surgeons, underwater operations, manufacturing etc. One possible option is the enhancement of the person’s capabilities through a robotic supernumerary limb (Figure 1). The idea has already been implemented in a limited application, where the United States Army Research Laboratory developed a passive limb to aid soldiers in weapon carrying and stabilization[1]. Researchers are also creating supernumerary robots. Parietti, et al. [2] designed the Supernumerary Robotics Limbs to address aircraft …

Geometric Analysis Of The Doppler Frequency For General Non-Stationary 3d Mobile-To-Mobile Channels Based On Prolate Spheroidal Coordinates, Michael Walter, Dmitriy Shutin, Martin Schmidhammer, David W. Matolak, Alenka Zajic

Faculty Publications

—Mobile-to-mobile channels often exhibit time-variant Doppler frequency shifts due to the movement of transmitter and receiver. An accurate description of the Doppler frequency turns out to be very difficult in Cartesian coordinates and any subsequent algebraic analysis of the Doppler frequency is intractable. In contrast to other approaches, we base our investigation on a geometric description of the Doppler frequency with the following three mathematical pillars: prolate spheroidal coordinate system, algebraic curve theory, and differential forms. The prolate spheroidal coordinate system is more appropriate to algebraically investigate the problem. After the transformation into the new coordinate system, the theory of …

Agent-Based Modelling Of Values: The Case Of Value Sensitive Design For Refugee Logistics, Christine Boshuijzen-Van Burken, Ross J. Gore, Frank Dignum, Lamber Royakkers, Phillip Wozny, F. Leron Shults

VMASC Publications

We have used value sensitive design as a method to develop an agent-based model of values in humanitarian logistics for refugees. Schwartz’s theory of universal values is implemented in the model in such a way that agents can make value trade-offs, which are operationalized into a measure of refugee wellbeing and a measure of public opinion about how the refugee logistics is being handled. By trying out different ‘value scenarios’, stakeholders who are responsible for, or involved in refugee logistics can have insights into the effects of various value choices. The model is visualized and made usable as a platform …

Steady-State And Transient Study Of Flow Boiling In Microchannels With Microgrooves/Micronozzles, Congcong Ren

Theses and Dissertations

Microchannel flow boiling is one of the most desired cooling solutions for high power electronics. Owing to the high latent heat of vaporization, high heat fluxes can be achieved through phase-change heat transfer. However, the enhancements of (critical heat flux) CHF and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are usually inhibited by the transitional flow patterns, which highly influence the liquid rewetting. In the past two decades, many techniques have been explored to enhance the liquid rewetting in microscale.

In this dissertation, four parallel micro-grooves fabricated on the bottom of five microchannels (W=200 μm, H=250 μm, L=10 mm) were designed to promote …

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Using Non-Contact Air-Coupled Lamb Waves, Wenfeng Xiao

Theses and Dissertations

Ultrasonic Lamb waves have been proved as an effective nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method due to their ability to propagate a long distance with less energy loss as well as their sensitivity to various defects on the surface or inside the structure. However, there are still challenges towards using them as a rapid inspection method for complex structural geometries, various damage types, and harsh environments, such as efficiency in Lamb wave actuation and sensing, understanding of the complicated multi-modal Lamb wave propagation, and robust detection algorithms for damage quantification and evaluation. To address these challenges, this dissertation focuses on developing a …