Engineering Commons^™

Microseismic Vector Scanning-Based Natural Fracture Monitoring Of The Coalbed Methane Wells, Liu Zixiong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The development degree of natural fractures is the main factor affecting coalbed methane productivity. In order to accurately obtain the distribution position of the natural fractures in the a coalbed methane field in the southern Qinshui basin, 7 refracturing wells in the area were adopted by surface microseismic vector scanning to monitor the natural fractures. A certain amount of three-component geophones were deployed around the fracturing well to collect microseismic events in the surrounding reservoir during fracturing, and after Semblance superposition, the fracture energy slices at different times in the monitoring area were obtained to explain the natural fractures in …

Sedimentary Response To The Uplift Of The Liupan Shan Since The Late Pleistocene And Its Environmental Effects, Ma Zhaoying, Dong Xiaopeng, Zhang Qing, Cui Jiawei

Coal Geology & Exploration

Liupan Shan lies between the Tibetan plateau and Ordos block and has been under the remote effect of the northeastward extension of the Tibetan plateau. The former research about the uplift of Liupan Shan mainly focused on the petrology, structural deformation or tectonic evolution study from the Cretaceous to early period of Cenozoic. However, the Late Pleistocene geological study closely connected with the human activities was rarely mentioned. In this study, we carried out systematic sedimentary research in the Qingshuihe basin adjacent to the Liupan Shan tectonic belt, re-determine the sedimentary sequence at first, then reverse the uplift history of …

Velocity Analysis Method Of Reflected In-Seam Wave Detection Technique, Yang Yanjun, Zhu Shujie, Zhang Xiaowen, Wang Ji

Coal Geology & Exploration

During the excavation of the roadway, using reflected in-seam waves detection technique to explore the structure of roadway and accurately interpret the wave impedance interface is of signality for mine production. The method of detecting the position of faults by reflected in-seam waves is usually inaccurate, which is mainly caused by the selected deviation of reflected in-seam waves velocity. In order to reduce the selected deviation of reflected in-seam waves velocity, this paper analyzed the features of reflected in-seam waves velocity of fifteen coal seam in thirteen coal mines and the velocity relationships of reflected in-seam waves, direct in-seam waves …

Simulation And Experimental Study On Dynamic Characteristics Of Radial Piston Hydraulic Chuck, Liang Chunmiao, Yao Ningping, Yao Yafeng, Li Kun, Peng Tao, Song Haitao

Coal Geology & Exploration

The chuck is an important part of the coal mine tunnel drilling rig. The performance of the chuck directly affects the efficiency and quality of drilling. Aiming at the problems of the rubber cylinder hydraulic chuck. a new radial piston hydraulic chuck is studied. The objective of this paper is to devise a new radial piston hydraulic chuck instead of rubber-sleeve hydraulic chuck. Then, the motion mathematical model of radial piston hydraulic chuck was established based on the radial piston chuck clamping and loosening of system structure and working principle. At the same time, a dynamic co-simulation of chuck hydraulic …

Cybersecurity Strategy Against Cyber Attacks Towards Smart Grids With Pvs, Fangyu Li, Maria Valero, Liang Zhao, Yousef Mahmoud

KSU Proceedings on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Cyber attacks threaten the security of distribution power grids, such as smart grids. The emerging renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PVs) with power electronics controllers introduce new potential vulnerabilities. Based on the electric waveform data measured by waveform sensors in the smart grids, we propose a novel cyber attack detection and identification approach. Firstly, we analyze the cyber attack impacts (including cyber attacks on the solar inverter causing unusual harmonics) on electric waveforms in distribution power grids. Then, we propose a novel deep learning based mechanism including attack detection and attack diagnosis. By leveraging the electric waveform sensor data …

Research Experience For Undergraduates During Covid-19, Mustafa Akbas

Florida Statewide Symposium: Best Practices in Undergraduate Research

This presentation provides the student team interaction and mentorship experience at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University’s “National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site: Cybersecurity Research of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” from the summer semester of 2020. The Site had been planned for a face-of-face research experience under several mentors for an eight-week period. However, due to Covid-19, the teams had to meet, discuss, present and work online, which was both a challenge and an opportunity. Both students and mentors had lessons from this online experience that they will remember and use in the upcoming years. In this presentation, we present …

Advances In The Application Of Biomimetic Surface Engineering In The Oil And Gas Industry, Yanbao Guo, Zheng Zhang, Siwei Zhang

Friction

Friction is widespread in almost every field in the oil and gas industry, and it is accompanied by huge energy losses and potential safety hazards. To deal with a series of questions in this regard, biomimetic surfaces have been developed over the past decades to significantly reduce economic losses. Presently, biomimetic surface engineering on different scales has been successfully introduced into related fields of the oil and gas industry, such as drill bits and the inner surfaces of pipes. In this review, we focused on the most recent and promising efforts reported toward the application of a biomimetic surface in …

Rubber Plunger Surface Texturing For Friction Reduction In Medical Syringes, Haytam Kasem, Harel Shriki, Lihi Ganon, Michael Mizrahi, Kareem Abd-Rbo, Abraham J. Domb

Friction

Friction is a genuine issue in the use of many medical devices involving rubbery materials such as plungers in medical syringes. This paper presents a new direction for the reduction of friction in medical syringes based on surface texturing of the rubber plunger. The specimens were prepared by casting poly(vinylsiloxane) (PVS) rubber into a pre-fabricated negative template obtained by 3D printing. Friction tests were performed on a home-made test-rig. It was clearly shown that friction resistance can be considerably manipulated when using textured plungers.

Erosive Wear Properties Of Za-27 Alloy-Based Nanocomposites: Influence Of Type, Amount, And Size Of Nanoparticle Reinforcements, Aleksandar Vencl, Ilija Bobić, Biljana Bobić, Kristina Jakimovska, Petr Svoboda, Mara Kandeva

Friction

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMnCs) comprise a metal matrix filled with nanosized reinforcements with physical and mechanical properties that are very different from those of the matrix. In ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, the metal matrix provides ductility and toughness, while usually used ceramic reinforcements give high strength and hardness. Tested ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites, reinforced with different types (SiC and Al2O3), amounts (0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%) and sizes (25 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm) of nanoparticles were produced through the compocasting process with mechanical alloying pre-processing (ball milling). It was previously shown that the presence of nanoparticles in ZA-27 …

Friction And Wear Behaviors Of Mos2-Multi-Walled-Carbon-Nanotube Hybrid Reinforced Polyurethane Composite Coating, Zhaozhu Zhang, Mingming Yang, Junya Yuan, Fang Guo, Xuehu Men

Friction

MoS2-multi-walled-carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) hybrids containing two-dimensional MoS2 and one-dimensional MWCNTs were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal reaction. X-ray-diffraction and transmission-electron-microscopy results demonstrated that MoS2 nanosheets were successfully synthesized, and uniformly anchored on the MWCNTs' surfaces. Furthermore, the effects of the MoS2-MWCNT hybrids on the tribological performances of polyurethane composite coatings were investigated using a UMT-2MT tribo-tester. Friction and wear test results revealed that the friction coefficient and wear rate of a 3 wt% MoS2-MWCNT-1 filled polyurethane composite coating were reduced by 25.6% and 65.5%, respectively. The outstanding tribological performance of the MoS2-MWCNT-1 reinforced polyurethane composite coating was attributed to the excellent …

Sliding Friction Of Shale Rock On Dry Quartz Sand Particles, Huijie Zhang, Shuhai Liu, Huaping Xiao

Friction

The sliding friction of rock, involving all kinds of particles at the contact surface, is relevant to many problems, ranging from those in artificial engineering to earthquake dynamics. In this work, the frictional performance of the shale rock-dry quartz sand contact was investigated using a self-developed testing device. The study showed that the coefficient of friction of the contact increases with nominal stress and that the corresponding friction force increases approximately linearly with nominal stress, which is directly related to the contact stress between each single sand particle and rock shale. An overall dynamic coefficient, γ, reflecting the response of …

Friction Predication On Pin-To-Plate Interface Of Ptfe Material And Steel, Zhuming Bi, Donald W. Mueller

Friction

In this paper, the friction behavior at a pin-to-plate interface is investigated. The pin and plate are made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and steel, respectively, and there is a reciprocating motion at the interface. Governing mathematical models for the relations of design variables and frictions are investigated, and a general procedure is proposed to solve the developed models and predict the friction forces at the interface subjected to given test conditions. Novel models have been developed to represent intrigued friction behaviors affected by various factors such as pin geometrics and finishes, lubrication conditions, and reciprocating speed. The test data from experiments …

Significant Friction Reduction Of High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam Irradiated Wc-Ni Against Graphite Under Water Lubrication, Gaolong Zhang, Yuechang Wang, Ying Liu, Xiangfeng Liu, Yuming Wang

Friction

Two types of commercial WC-Ni samples were irradiated with the High-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB). Both the surface characteristics and tribo-characteristics of the non-irradiated and irradiated WC-Ni samples, sliding against graphite under water lubrication, were compared. Quite low steady friction coefficients (approximately of 0.02) of the irradiated WC-Ni were observed. The surface topographies and components were investigated. The quite low friction of the irradiated WC-Ni samples was ascribed to the higher fluid retention capability of the latter and the tribofilm formed during sliding.

Metal-Containing Nanomaterials As Lubricant Additives: State-Of-The-Art And Future Development, Igor E. Uflyand, Vladimir A. Zhinzhilo, Victoria E. Burlakova

Friction

This review focuses on the effect of metal-containing nanomaterials on tribological performance in oil lubrication. The basic data on nanolubricants based on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocomposities, and rare-earth compounds are generalized. The influence of nanoparticle size, morphology, surface functionalization, and concentration on friction and wear is analyzed. The lubrication mechanisms of nanolubricants are discussed. The problems and prospects for the development of metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives are considered. The bibliography includes articles published during the last five years.

Experimental Study On The Tribo-Chemical Smoothening Process Between Self-Mated Silicon Carbide In A Water-Lubricated Surface-Contact Reciprocating Test, Le Jin, Herbert Scheerer, Georg Andersohn, Matthias Oechsner, Dieter Hellmann

Friction

Silicon carbide (SiC) can be tribo-chemically smoothened during a self-mated sliding procedure in the aqueous environment. As well reported in the point-contact tests, this smoothening process works well due to the abundant water as oxidant. After this smoothening process, the tribo-surface is well polished, a closely mated tribo-gap naturally forms, and an ultra-low friction state is built. However, water in the tribo-gap could be insufficient in industrial applications, e.g., the seal gap in mechanical seals. In this study, the tribo-chemical smoothening behavior in such environment was researched. A surface-contact reciprocating test was used to simulate the aqueous environment where water …

Water-Based Superlubricity In Vacuum, Chen Xiao, Jinjin Li, Lei Chen, Chenhui Zhang, Ningning Zhou, Tao Qing, Linmao Qian, Jiyang Zhang, Jianbin Luo

Friction

This study achieved water-based superlubricity with the lubrication of H3PO4 solution in vacuum (highest vacuum degree <10-4 torr) for the first time by performing a pre-running process in air before running in vacuum. The stable water-based superlubricity was sustainable in vacuum (0.02 torr) for 14 h until the test was stopped by the user for non-experimental factor. A further analysis suggested that the superlubricity may be attributed to the phosphoric acid-water network formed in air, which can efficiently lock water molecules in the liquid lubricating film even in vacuum owing to the strong hydrogen bond interaction. Such capability to lock water is strongly affected by the strength of hydrogen bond and environmental conditions. The realization of water-based superlubricity with H3PO4 solution in vacuum can lead to its application in space environment.

Tribological Performance Of Novel Nickel-Based Composite Coatings With Lubricant Particles, Ignacio Tudela, Andrew J. Cobley, Yi Zhang

Friction

The present study is focused on the evaluation of the tribological performance of novel Ni/hBN and Ni/WS2 composite coatings electrodeposited from an additive-free Watts bath with the assistance of ultrasound. Lubricated and non-lubricated scratch tests were performed on both novel composite coatings and on standard Ni deposits used as a benchmark coating to have an initial idea of the effect of the presence of particles within the Ni matrix. Under lubricated conditions, the performance of the Ni/hBN composite coating was very similar to the benchmark Ni coating, whereas the Ni/WS2 behaved quite differently, as the latter did not only show …

Numerical Analysis Of Time-Varying Wear With Elastic Deformation In Line Contact, Wanglong Zhan, Ping Huang

Friction

Wear is an important factor for failures of mechanical components. Current research on wear is mainly focused on experiments while the numerical simulation of wear is hardly used owing to the complexities of the wear process. Explaining the effect of friction on the wear process is important, as it will lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of wear. This study proposed a numerical method to expound the wear process in the contact between an elastic cylinder and a half-space simulating the ring-block tester. There are two difficulties during the calculation; one is that the contact shapes vary with …

Multi-Echo Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping For Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo (Stage) Imaging, Sara Gharabaghi, Saifeng Liu, Ying Wang, Yongsheng Chen, Sagar Buch, Mojtaba Jokar, Thomas Wischgoll, Nasser H. Kashou, Chunyan Zhang, Bo Wu, Jingliang Cheng, E. Mark Haacke

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Purpose: To develop a method to reconstruct quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) from multi-echo, multi-flip angle data collected using strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) imaging. Methods: The proposed QSM reconstruction algorithm, referred to as “structurally constrained Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mapping” scSWIM, performs an ℓ1 and ℓ2 regularization-based reconstruction in a single step. The unique contrast of the T1 weighted enhanced (T1WE) image derived from STAGE imaging was used to extract reliable geometry constraints to protect the basal ganglia from over-smoothing. The multi-echo multi-flip angle data were used for improving the contrast-to-noise ratio in QSM through a weighted averaging scheme. The …

Optimal Control Of Active Nematics, Michael M. Norton, Piyush Grover, Michael F. Hagan, Seth Fraden

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this work we present the first systematic framework to sculpt active nematic systems, using optimal control theory and a hydrodynamic model of active nematics. We demonstrate the use of two different control fields, (i) applied vorticity and (ii) activity strength, to shape the dynamics of an extensile active nematic that is confined to a disk. In the absence of control inputs, the system exhibits two attractors, clockwise and counterclockwise circulating states characterized by two co-rotating topological þ1 2 defects. We specifically seek spatiotemporal inputs that switch the system from one attractor to the other; we also examine phase-shifting perturbations. …

Modifying The Surface Chemistry And Nanostructure Of Carbon Nanotubes Facilitates The Detection Of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Gases, John N. Hodul, Allison K. Murray, Nikhil F. Carneiro, Joseph R. Meseke, Jacob Morris, Xinping He, Dimitry Zemlyanov, George T.-C. Chiu, James E. Braun, Jeffrey F. Rhoads, Bryan W. Boudouris

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) compounds currently utilized in many building materials and paints have been linked to deleterious health effects, and thus, monitoring the presence of these compounds is of increasing importance with respect to public health. As such, there is a critical need for next-generation low-cost, selective, and sensitive indoor BTX sensors. Current BTX detection systems require multicomponent, complex devices or require high power input to achieve BTX detection at meaningful concentrations, but this long-standing paradigm can be altered through the introduction of tailored nanomaterials. Specifically, we demonstrate a selective BTX resonant mass sensor platform that leverages …

Protease Resistant Growth Factor Formulations For The Healing Of Chronic Wounds, Tabitha Boeringer

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Chronic wounds are those wounds which are refractory to treatment, often taking years to heal. These wounds are complex and may present with elevated protease levels, resulting in rapid degradation of growth factors, both native and augmented via treatment. This study’s focus was the development of a system to protect growth factors from protease mediated degradation.

The protective system consisted of chimeric fusion proteins developed to contain both a growth factor or known protease inhibitory peptide and an Elastin-Like-Peptide (ELP)component. The unique phase transitioning abilities of the ELP component allowed for the self-assembly of these chimeric fusion proteins into a …

Satellite-Based Monitoring Of Irrigation Water Use: Assessing Measurement Errors And Their Implications For Agricultural Water Management Policy, T. Foster, Taro Mieno, Nicholas Brozovic

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Reliable accounting of agricultural water use is critical for sustainable water management. However, the majority of agricultural water use is not monitored, with limited metering of irrigation despite increasing pressure on both groundwater and surface water resources in many agricultural regions worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has been proposed as a low-cost and scalable solution to fill widespread gaps in monitoring of irrigation water use in both developed and developing countries, bypassing the technical, socioeconomic, and political challenges that to date have constrained in situ metering. In this paper, we show through a systematic meta-analysis that the relative accuracy of different …

Optimizing The Performance Of Multi-Threaded Linear Algebra Libraries Based On Task Granularity, Shahrzad Shirzad

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Linear algebra libraries play a very important role in many HPC applications. As larger datasets are created everyday, it also becomes crucial for the multi-threaded linear algebra libraries to utilize the compute resources properly. Moving toward exascale computing, the current programming models would not be able to fully take advantage of the advances in memory hierarchies, computer architectures, and networks. Asynchronous Many-Task(AMT) Runtime systems would be the solution to help the developers to manage the available parallelism. In this Dissertation we propose an adaptive solution to improve the performance of a linear algebra library based on a set of compile-time …

Axonal Blockage With Microscopic Magnetic Stimulation, Hui Ye

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Numerous neurological dysfunctions are characterized by undesirable nerve activity. By providing reversible nerve blockage, electric stimulation with an implanted electrode holds promise in the treatment of these conditions. However, there are several limitations to its application, including poor bio-compatibility and decreased efficacy during chronic implantation. A magnetic coil of miniature size can mitigate some of these problems, by coating it with biocompatible material for chronic implantation. However, it is unknown if miniature coils could be effective in axonal blockage and, if so, what the underlying mechanisms are. Here we demonstrate that a submillimeter magnetic coil can reversibly block action potentials …

Gate Diffusion Input Multi-Threshold Null Convention Logic Circuit Design Approach, Prashanthi Metku, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-Threshold null convention logic (MTNCL) is a novel low power paradigm for designing asynchronous null convention logic (NCL) circuits. To further reduce the dynamic power consumption, a new methodology that utilizes gate diffusion input technique is proposed. The proposed approach is used to realize MTNCL gates and a decrease in the transistor count is observed that tend to reduce the dynamic power consumption. Compared to SMTNCL approach, the proposed methodology shows a 5.6% is reduction in the power consumption for the MTNCL gates.

An Ultra-Low-Power Tunable Bump Circuit Using Source-Degenerated Differential Transconductor, Yixuan He, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we proposed a nano-power tunable bump circuit. It incorporates a novel source-degenerated trans conductor using pseudo-resistor as source resistor to control the width of the bump. The presented circuit is simulated in Cadence using 180nm CMOS process under 1.8V power supply. The results show that the transconductance is tuned with pseudo-resistor and the bump circuit can operate with wide voltage range from 0.3V to 1.8V. Also, this circuit is compact and only dissipates 16.7nW power which makes it perfect for large-scale machine learning applications such as classifier and support vector machine.

From Classroom To Industry: Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Decision-Making, Bettina Mrusek, Stephanie Douglas

Publications

The presence of human factors in aviation remains a critical area of research given the safety implications of human error. Understanding what specific factors contribute to human error allows managers and operators to take steps to mitigate these hazards. Several methods have been tested in the cockpit and cabin crew environments, but less attention has been given to the aviation maintenance sector, despite the prevalence of accidents resulting from human error. With the introduction of AC-172A, the FAA validated the need for additional research and training on the role of human factors in aviation maintenance errors. However, a key component …

Parallel And Asynchronous Distributed Optimization For Power Systems Operation, Ali Mohammadi

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Distributed optimization approaches are gaining more attention for solving power systems energy management functions, such as optimal power flow (OPF). Preserving information privacy of autonomous control entities and being more scalable than centralized approaches are two primary reasons for developing distributed algorithms. Moreover, distributed/ decentralized algorithms potentially increase power systems reliability against failures of components or communication links.

In this dissertation, we propose multiple distributed optimization algorithms and convergence performance enhancement techniques to solve the OPF problem. We present a multi-level optimization algorithm, based on analytical target cascading, to formulate and solve a collaborative transmission and distribution OPF problem. This …

Design And Development Of A Machine Vision System Using Artificial Neural Network-Based Algorithm For Automated Coal Characterization, Amit Kumar Gorai, Simit Raval, Ashok Kumar Patel, Snehamoy Chatterjee, Tarini Gautam

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Coal is heterogeneous in nature, and thus the characterization of coal is essential before its use for a specific purpose. Thus, the current study aims to develop a machine vision system for automated coal characterizations. The model was calibrated using 80 image samples that are captured for different coal samples in different angles. All the images were captured in RGB color space and converted into five other color spaces (HSI, CMYK, Lab, xyz, Gray) for feature extraction. The intensity component image of HSI color space was further transformed into four frequency components (discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform, discrete Fourier …