Engineering Commons^™

A Groundwater Model Of Cache Valley, Utah, Calvin G. Clyde, Roland W. Jeppson, Win-Kai Liu

Reports

This report describes the development, calibration and use of quantitative, predictive management model for the groundwater in the Utah portion of the Cache Valley in northern Utah. The quasi-three-dimensional finite difference computer model was adapted from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Trescott and Larson model and simulates the groundwater levels and flows in the groundwater basin. The variable spacing grid system is 23 nodes x 38 x 2 and represents the complex natural system by a simpler approximation with one unconfined and one confined aquifer and the appropriate boundary and initial conditions. River nodes, spring nodes, and constant head nodes were …

Management Of Groundwater Recharge Areas In The Mouth Of Weber Canyon, Calvin G. Clyde, Christopher J. Duffy, Edward P. Fisk, Daniel H. Hoggan, David E. Hansen

Reports

Proper management of surface and groundwater resources is important for their prolonged and a beneficial use. Within the Weber Delta area there has existed a continual decline in the piezometric surface of the deep confined aquifer over the last 40 years. This decline ranges from approximately 20 feet along the eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake to 50 feet along in the vicinity of Hill Air Force Base. Declines in the piezometric surface are undesirable because of the increased well installation costs, increased pumping costs, decreased aquifer storage, increased risk of salt water intrusion, and the possibility of land …

Direct Filtration Versus Conventional Water Treatment In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams, Steel B. Maloney

Reports

The direct filtration water treatment scheme does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirements, decreased sludge quantities, and reduced coagulant dosages. One objective of this research was the statistical comparison of the direct filtration, Utah Valley Water Purification Plant (Orem, Utah) and the conventional Little Cottonwood Water Treatment Plant (Salt Lake City, Utah). These treatment plants are the two most compatible treatment plants having the highest correlation of source water in the local area. The Little Cottonwood plant receives approximately 65 percent of its sources water …

Use Of The Hewlett-Packard 9810 Calculator System In Water Quality Analysis, Jerald S. Fifield

Reports

Introduction: It is the purpose of this manual to illustrate the utilization of the Hewlett-Packard, Model 9810A calculator for analyzing water quality data. Familiarization of each program's capabilities is essential for successful application, thus the user should read over the section used before beginning. Each section is complete with instructions and illustrative examples.

Review And Evaluation Of The Gibson Dome High Level Nuclear Waste Repository Environmental Assessment: Geohydrologic Issues, Christopher J. Duffy, Brad Hall

Reports

Introduction: Background/Authorization: This report is meant to provide a technical review and evaluation of Department of Energy documents concerning groundwater, radionuclide travel time and monitoring issues relative to siting a high level nuclear waste repository in the Gibson Dome area in Southern Utah. in so doing we have, during a relatively short period of time, examined in detail the Department of Energy Guidelines concerning high level nuclear waste disposal (1983) including revisions (1984), and each draft of the Environmental Assessments for Davis and Lavender Canyon, up to and including the fifth draft (dated July 27, 1984). In addition, a large …

Summary Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, D. George Chadwick, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Problem Statement: Rising levels of the Great Salt Lake are severely impacting private and public property. in the private sector, the mineral industry, the railroad, and a number of recreation enterprises are suffering major damages. In the publi sector, the State of Utah is esperiencing large losses inflicted on roads and highways, waterfowl and related wildlife areas, and park and recreation facilities. The lake is partitioned by a semipervious railroad causeway into a north and a south arm with the sourth arm having about twice the water surface area and usually being two or three feet higher because it receibes …

Nebraska Summary S021: Zetor 16145, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Nebraska Summary S019: Zetor 12111, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Lateral Coherence Of Aerosol-Scattered Laser Radiation, Donald D. Duncan, D. E. Larch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

To assess the probability of detection (by interferometric techniques) of illumination by a coherent source, we characterize the lateral coherence of the off-axis aerosol scattered radiation by applying the van Cittert-Zernike theorem. We find that, for 1.061-pm radiation at a target range of 1 km, the scattered radiation beyond 3.5 cm off axis does not display appreciable lateral coherence.

Modeling Of Purge Valve Closure, William W. Durgin, Benito Zannini

Office of the Provost Scholarship

In some nuclear reactor containment isolation applications, butterfly valves with pneumatic actuators are used to close pipelines in the event of containment pressure transients resulting from postulated accidents. A model is developed which predicts the closure time history of such valve/actuator systems under prescribed transients. Examples are presented which show the importance of the valve and actuator characteristics. It was found that actuation delays of sufficient magnitude could allow the dynamic torque to exceed the available actuator torque, thus preventing valve closure.

Estimating Particle Sizes, Concentrations, And Total Mass Of Ash In Volcanic Clouds Using Weather Radar, David M. Harris, William I. Rose

Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Publications

Observations of the March 19, 1982 ash eruption of Mount St. Helens, made by the National Weather Service (NWS, Portland, Oregon) on 5-cm radar, were used to estimate the volume of the ash cloud (2000 ±500 km³), the concentration of ash (0.2–0.6 g m⁻³). and the total mass of ash erupted (3–10×10¹¹ g). The position of the cloud was also tracked by radar. Particle sizes in the ash cloud were estimated from settling velocities suggested by decreases in maximum ash cloud height with time as it moved away from the volcano. The March 19, 1982 …

Pseudo-Brewster And Second-Brewster Angles Of An Absorbing Substrate Coated By A Transparent Thin Film, R. M.A. Azzam, T F. Thonn

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The pseudo-Brewster angle of minimum reflectance for the p polarization, the corresponding angle for thes polarization, and the second-Brewster angle of minimum ratio of the p and s reflectances are all determined as functions of the thickness of a transparent film coating an absorbing substrate by numerical solution of the exact equations that govern such angles of the form Re(Z′/Z) = 0, where Z = R_p, R_s, or ρ represent the complex amplitude-reflection coefficients for the p and s polarizations and their ratio (ρ =R_p/R_s), …

Sun Position In Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center, Ross Mccluney

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Described herein is a procedure for determining the path of the sun through the Florida sky relative to a solar collector array, a window, a skylight or an entire building - information needed by architects, engineers and others for shading and orientation calculations involved in active and passive building design. It can be used for positioning exterior shading devices for maximum benefit. This information can also be used to pinpoint solar collector shading problems.

Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Florida Solar Energy Center, Magdy Girgis

FSEC Energy Research Center®

In May 1983 the Florida Solar Energy Center(FSEC) received $ 328,000 from the federal Solar Energy Research Institute in Colorado to determine the feasibility of an Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) concept. The objective of the project is to assess the economic and technological viability of the conceptual design of an Open Cycle OTEC power plant. FSEC and Create R&D Inc., Hanover, New Hampshire, bring together complementary skills and experience in resource assessment, component design, system engineering and project management. FSEC also will study possible sites for an OTEC plant in Florida as part of a complementary project funded …

Acuta Enews December 1983, Vol. 12, No. 12

ACUTA Newsletters

In This Issue

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

TRIVIA

BITS & PIECES

INNOVATIVE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM OUTS F.I.T. IN FRONT

A QUANTUM LEAP FOR COMMUNICATIONS

Testing Of Steel Roof Deck Construction, Wei-Wen Yu, Lan-Cheng Pan, S. H. Lin

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION In recent years, insulated steel roof deck construction has been widely used in industrial and commercial buildings. The use of roof assembly consisting of 3-in. deep, 22-gage, steel deck is being considered by Rooftex, Inc. of Houston, Texas, for Class 1-60 and Class 1-90 assemblies. At the request of Rooftex, two types of tests were conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla in July 1983. These tests, which consisted of physical tests of steel roof decks and uplift pressure tests of insulated steel roof deck construction, were conducted to obtain the"necessary data for the approval of the Factory Mutual Research …

Laterally Unsupported Purlins Subjected To Uplift, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION A research study, conducted at Cornell University, provided a theoretical method for evaluating the state of stress for both C- and Z- purlins subjected to wind uplift loading. According to the Cornell analytical method, a Z-purlin has more load carrying capability than a similar C-purlin. Although experimental verification was provided, questions were raised, within the Metal Building Industry, regarding the strength of the C-versus the Z-section. The purpose of the work discussed herein was to develop information regarding the behavior of C- and Z-sections having identical cross-section dimensions. A brief description of the test program, along with a comparison …

Ads Formal Semantics, Takayuki Kimura

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Abstract Database System (ADS) is a data model developed for an enduring medical information system where frequent changes in the conceptual schema are anticipated and multi-level abstraction is required. The mechanism of abstraction in ADS is based on the abstraction operator of the lamba calculus. The formal semantics of a subset of the ADS model is presented using the denotational specification method.

The Effects Of Certain Impurities And Their Interactions On Zinc Electrowinning, Donald R. Fosnacht, Thomas J. O'Keefe

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effects of germanium, antimony, arsenic, cobalt, glue, and free acid concentration were studied on both commercial and synthetic electrolytes. The effects of a single factor and the combined effects of multiple factors were elucidated. The temperature, zinc concentration, and current density were varied for some of the tests. It was found that the acid content was the most critical factor when impurity levels were at normal plant solution concentrations. The ranges where the effect of the impurity became apparent were: greater than 20 ppb (parts per billion) for antimony; 40 ppb for germanium; 120 ppb for arsenic; and 7 …

Photodetachment As A Control Mechanism For Diffuse Discharge Switches, Gerhard Schaefer, P. F. Williams, Karl H. Schoenbach, John T. Moseley

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

Photodetachment is considered as a control mechanism for diffuse discharge switches. Experiments have been performed on photodetachment of ions in the flowing afterglow of a dc glow discharge in oxygen. Experiments with different laser wavelengths and the dependence of the optogalvanic signal on the laser energy flux indicate that 0^- is the dominant negative ion. For an energy flux of 35 mJ/cm², 50 percent of the 0^- ions can be photodetached.

Augmentation Of Free Surface Heat And Mass Transfer Due To Electrostatic Fields, Alan F. Smelewicz, Mark P. Majcher, James B. Nystrom, William W. Durgin

Office of the Provost Scholarship

Experiments were conducted to measure heat transfer rates and mass transfer rates from a water surface in the presence of electrostatic fields of various strengths generated between the water surface and a wire grid above the surface.

Heat transfer rates were determined by the temperature decay after heating the test and control basins. Mass transfer rates were determined by measuring the water loss while holding the basins at fixed temperatures.

It was found that very little increase in transfer coefficients took place for voltages below an onset voltage which depended on atmospheric conditions and test geometry. The heat transfer coefficient …

Photovoltaics: A Question And Answer Primer, Florida Solar Energy Center, Ingrid Melody

FSEC Energy Research Center®

Of all the solar energy technologies, photovoltaics (PV) show the greatest promise for worldwide acceptance and application. Their universal appeal lies in the fact that they generate electricity from the sun. Working photovoltaics have no moving parts, are relatively simple in design, need very little maintenance and are environmentally benign. They simply and silently produce electricity whenever they are exposed to light.

Limiting Efficiencies For Multiple Energy-Gap Quantum Devices, Cheng-Hsiao Wu, Richard M. Williams

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have used a thermodynamic model to calculate theoretical limiting efficiencies for simple and multiple gap solar cells. The limiting efficiency is 26% for a simple solar cell of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, operating at one Sun sensitivity. For a multiple gap cell made from hydrogenated amorphous silicon, together with a second cell, made from a material with lower band gap, it is 38%. The optimum band gap for the second material is 1.0 eV.

Performance Evaluation Of Experimental Paint-Stripe Beads, Kenneth R. Agent, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Eight experimental bead types in addition to Kentucky's currently used bead were applied with standard striping equipment at a field test location. Reflectivity measurements using a portable retroreflectometer were conducted, along with visual observations, to rate each bead type. The objective was to determine whether any of the experimental beads was superior to the currently used bead, and if so, would they be economically feasible for widespread use. The differences in bead types involved gradation, refractive index, and surface coating. Based on performance and economic considerations, it was recommended that Kentucky change its bead gradation specifications to correspond to that …

Robotic Realities: Near Term Prospects And Problems, Robert U. Ayres, Steven M. Miller

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Industrial robots are automation, but with a difference. Other machine tools are extensions of human capabilities, while robots are seen mainly as substitutes for human workers. Robots will find most of their industrial applications during the next decade or two in the metal-working sectors, where they will begin to displace semiskilled machine operatives in medium to large batch production operations. They cannot substitute for skilled machinists or other workers doing nonroutine jobs, or specialized, dedicated hard automation used in mass production. The current generation of robots, lacking sensory data processing and interpretation capabilities, can potentially replace up to 1.3 million …

Passive Cooling Ideas For The Southeast, Florida Solar Energy Center, Chris Beck

FSEC Energy Research Center®

A passively cooled home is one which is kept relatively comfortable through natural means. Homeowners in the Southeast have been using passive building techniques in order to live more comfortably during hot, humid seasons since the early 1900's. The concept of designing for minimum use of artificial cooling and heating systems is not new, but with the advent of sophisticated mechanical air-conditioning and heating systems and the availability of inexpensive fossil fuels in the '40s and '50s, builders began bypassing passive techniques. Too many of today's homes are designed with more concern about accommodating a mechanical conditioning system than with …

Acuta Enews October 1983, Vol. 12, No. 10

ACUTA Newsletters

In This Issue

PARTY LINE

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE

FREE PUBLICATION

ACCESS CHARGES CAUSE ANGER, DISMAY

THE BREAKUP OF AT&T IS A MONUMENTAL BLUNDER

THE SEVEN REGIONAL BELL OPERATING COMPANIES, JANUARY 1, 1984

FUTURE OF PHONE SERVICE CONCERNS BEREUTER

TAKING CONTROL OF AUTOMATION

BITS & PIECES

COMPUTER, CORRESPONDENCE COURSE PAIR UP IN 'ELECTRONIC UNIVERSITY'

Development Of Pavement Thickness Designs Using Pozzolanic Base Materials, Gary W. Sharpe, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

With the escalating costs of materials and construction for highways and streets, many agencies chargedwith the repsonsibility of designing and constructing highwyas are utilizing by-product materials. One application of by-product materials has involved the use of stabilized aggregate bases where pozzolanic materials are used as a stabilizing agent.

The use of pozzolanic materials is not new. However, the use of pozzolanic materials is relatively new to Kentucky. This may be primarily attributed to the availability o an abundant supply of economical aggregate materials. However, as costs of production and processing of aggregate materials have increased, so has the feasibility of …

Survey Of Guardrail End Treatment Usage, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Whenever a guardrail terminates within the "clear zone," a crashworthy end treatment is required. To be crashworthy, the end-treatment should not spear, vault, or roll a vehicle during a head-on impact while maintaining vehicle decelerations below recommended limits. As a means of determining types of end treatments currently used in various states and criteria to determine what type to use, a survey letter was sent to each state.

It was found that, generally, the preferred method to use to end roadside steel beam guardrail is to bury the end in a cut slope. When this is not feasible, either a …

Evaluation Of Asphaltic Pavements For Overlay Design, Robert C. Deen, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

To evaluate projects involving approximately 200 route-miles of interstate and primary pavements in Kentucky and Tennessee in relatively short time frames, it was decided to test, analyze, and design overlays using test equipment (Road Rater) and procedures developed by the University of Kentucky Transportation Research Program. This paper presents the analysis methodology and the evaluation and overlay designs for selected projects, including the before-and-after analysis of milling on one project.

The Road Rater applies a dynamic sinusoidal loading of known force and frequency. The velocity of the vibration waves are measured by sensors and integrated electronically to obtain surface deflections …