Nonprofit Administration and Management Commons^™

Treasuries, Repertories And Collections In The Production Of Common Goods, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

What types of resources are involved when members of a voluntary association combine their efforts in pursuit of joint goals or common goods? This paper examines the question from the vantage point of a rational choice theory termed endowment theory. Endowment theory is concerned with the rational allocation of productive surpluses to associations and other voluntary groups in pursuit of identified common goods. At least three distinct types of resource dowries can be identified in the current world of nonprofit associations. Treasuries are endowments of money and market-priced resources. Two other categories of "priceless" resource endowments are also evident among …

No. 113 1989 April

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

Resilience And Survival: Executive Careers In Major California Nonprofit Organizations, Cathie J. Witty

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Despite the increasing social involvement of nonprofit organizations in public activity, we really know very little about the education, values and career patterns of the executives who manage this nonprofit sector.

This study begins to address these issues through interviews with fifty executive directors of large California nonprofit organizations. Four types of nonprofit organizations were included in the study. Human service agencies [20] and arts organizations [17] comprise the bulk of the organizations, with foundations [10] and scientific research facilities and museums [3] completing the sample.

The study explores the personal dimensions of mobility, career choices, education and …

Organizational And Management Characteristics Of Peace Groups, Mary Anna Culleton Colwell

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The contemporary American peace movement is a mixture of many small and a few large organizations pursuing a wide range of goals. There has been almost no organizational research focused on these peace movement organizations (PMOs) or detailed studies of the goals, values, and activities of a large sample of PMOs.

The activity of these varied PMOs has had limited impact on public policy. Some authors cite the strength of external forces or the conservative American political culture as the key factors in this relative lack of success. There are few facts with which to evaluate these or …

Workplace Giving: Employee Attitudes, Perceptions And Behavior, Cathie J. Witty, Jacqueline Urla

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

The W. Alexander Gerbode Foundation funded this study of employee attitudes about charitable fundraising and giving in the workplace by the Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management at the University of San Francisco. This study is significant for several reasons. First, while the overall charitable behavior of Americans has been documented in several recent national surveys, the changing workplace fundraising scene remains largely unexplored. Second, the San Francisco Bay Area is an ideal laboratory for a study of workplace giving that analyzes ethnic differences along with other variables related to charitable attitudes and behavior since the Bay Area has …

A Study Of Nonprofit Boards Of Directors From The Chief Executive Officer's Point Of View, Kathleen Brown Fletcher

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Little has been written to help executive directors of nonprofit organizations with one of the most important parts of their job: working with their Board of Directors. Previous studies show that board-related behaviors are responsible for the difference between effective executives and their less effective peers and that neither academic nor professional literature adequately addresses the board/executive relationship. Behavioral definitions of a "good board" can be found in books written for board members, but no definition could be found that reflected executives' opinions on what behaviors they value most in the boards with which they must work.

This …

No. 112 1988 November

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

Peace, Or The Problem-Free Interval, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper argues for wider recognition of general program indicators as evaluative criteria and sets forth four general dimensions of outcome measures that might serve as comparative evaluative indicators for a wide range of programs and services. Pragmatic problem-solving is outlined as a theoretical basis for an approach to such general indicators. The argument for general program indicators of problem presence, frequency, duration and severity is grounded in general problem-solving theory and is part of an evaluative study of a mental health crisis unit. Peace, defined as a problem-free interval, is offered as an example of a general program outcome …

No. 111 1988 April

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

The Determinants Of Blood Donation Behavior In A Changing Environment, Kathleen A. Krentler, Mary L. Joyce

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Past research into donation-related behaviors has focused primarily on monetary giving. This study looks into blood donation behavior and attempts to analyze its determinants in the current environment, with AIDS awareness and its links to the nation's blood supply at an all-time high.

Previous research on the determinants of blood donation behavior has indicated that noneconomic factors weighed heavily in a person's decision to donate blood. Altruism has frequently been cited as the primary motive for giving. Additional research has found fear to be a major inhibitor.

As public awareness of AIDS and its association with blood and …

The Integration Of Marketing In Colleges And Universities In The United States, Leslie A. Goldgehn

Marketing (Formerly Marketing and Law)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

An important element of the nonprofit sector is this country's colleges and universities. These institutions are faced with the classic marketing problems of enrollment decline, slow growth, changing buying patterns, increased competition and increased expenditures.

Despite the current need and wealth of marketing information available to universities and colleges, the literature indicates that most of these institutions have not adopted a marketing orientation.

In his 1979 dissertation, Blackburn provided data indicating the level of use of sixteen specific marketing techniques and their perceived effectiveness at 446 colleges and universities across the country. The results are rather curious--Blackburn noted …

The Charitable Behavior Of San Francisco Bay Area Physicians, Anne M. Bubnic

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

As the highest-paid professionals in our society, physicians represent a unique and interesting segment of the American population. Surprisingly little information is available on the actual charitable interests and giving patterns of medical practitioners, but then few studies have been done on populations of wealthy individuals. Knowledge of physicians' charitable behavior is limited to their provision of medical care without remuneration, but no relationships have been developed between these activities and other charitable practices.

A mail survey of 1,451 physicians in the San Francisco Bay Area was conducted during the months of September- October, 1986 to gather information on the …

Asian American Charitable Giving, Rosalyn Miyoko Tonai

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

A survey study of 321 Asian American donors tested key demographic, attitudinal, and situational factors affecting Asian American charitable giving in the San Francisco-Oakland area. Leading inquiries in the study were to determine (a) a profile of donors in the sample, (b) whether significant relationships exist between relevant factors and charitable giving, (c) effective solicitation techniques, and reasons for giving and not giving.

The survey instrument was an eight page questionnaire mailed in July of 1987 to individuals currently on mailing lists of Asian non-profit organizations. The lists consisted of individuals who were known to have donated to …

Funding Of Women's Programs By Minnesota Foundations, Suzanne E. Runte

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this thesis was to determine how much money Minnesota foundations contributed to programs for women. The study examined the grants awarded by a representative sample of 12 Minnesota foundations over a four year period (1980-1983). Data was collected from foundations' annual reports or 990 tax forms. The amount of funding each foundation contributed to women's programs and the type of services founded were recorded.

Results from the study indicated that programs for women do not received much of the total amount of funding given by these Minnesota foundations. The four year average percentage of funding to women …

No. 110 November 1987

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

Company Resistance To Complex Fasb Statements: The Case Of Sfas 33, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig

Accounting Faculty Publications

Over the past fifteen years, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has issued numerous pronouncements designed to narrow the differences in accounting practice and thereby increase the usefulness of financial statements by making them more comparable among different enterprises. Though questions have often been raised over the years about the complex and prescriptive nature of these pronouncements, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 33, “Financial Reporting and Changing Prices” (SFAS 33), has perhaps been the most controversial. The above statement required subject companies to generate and publish information that was radically different from that produced in accordance with conventional financial …

Spreadsheet Analysis In Human Service Administration, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

One of the most useful genres of personal computer software for human service administrators is the electronic spreadsheet. Despite its status as the single most important reason for the commercial success of the personal computer (or PC), spreadsheets have received scant attention in human service administration. An extended search of the major electronic bibliographies and information services turned up no references to spreadsheets in the human service literature. We are already building an extensive knowledge and experience base in the application of spreadsheets to the problems of human service administration. However, as the paucity of literature on this subject shows, …

No. 109 1987 April

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

No. 108 1986 November

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

A Commentary On Unicorns And Efficiency, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The issue of efficiency in human services parallels in many respects the principle that unicorns should receive fair treatment. People have paid lip service to the idea that human services should be delivered efficiently for most of the last century. Yet, in all of that time there has not been a single study published showing clearly whether a particular instance of service delivery was, or was not, efficient.The underlying issues involved in defining and measuring efficient service delivery are complex and difficult and administrators, boards and other stakeholders have typically done little more than pay lip service to the idea.

Review Of Books By Vinter & Kish And Lauffer, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

During a decade of great changes in the organization and management of human service organizations, these authors have attempted to explain the changes that are occurring and offer guidance for how to deal with them for harassed and overworked human services managers and students.

User-Friendly Financial Statements: A Proposed Model, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig, Andrew A. Fioriti

Accounting Faculty Publications

In contrast to early bookkeeping systems whose only role was to assist the resident owners, financial reporting today serves to protect various nonresident parties with interests in the enterprise, such as absentee shareholders. It provides them with information useful for monitoring the operations of the enterprise and for making decisions concerning it.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) formalized this concept of usefulness when it stated:

• Financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. The information should be comprehensible to those who …

Breaking Even: Preface To The Revised Edition, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Breaking Even: Financial Management in Nonprofit Human Services (Temple University Press. 1980) was the first book-length discussion of nonprofit financial management ever published in English. This preface was prepared, along with several new or rewritten chapters and additional changes for a possible revised edition of the book. The publisher decided not to do a second edition and the original first edition continued to sell in its small market niche for 25 years.

Trends In Human Services In West Virginia, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This article provides an overview introduction to the WV Human Services Trend Study, a statewide joint venture of the WVU School of Social Work, WV Human Resources Association, and WV Department of Human Services. Rather than a conventional needs assessment questionnaire, the Trend Study opted for a series of 15 county-level community forums to gather information on the future of human services in the state. From this eight subject areas of greatest interest were identified and experts were invited to develop working papers on each of these topics.

Automating The Social Work Office: Science Fictions And Practical Realities, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Social work was not originally an office-based profession but has become one in the past few decades. In the process, the information technology of social work practice has changed relatively little. Social work practice has yet to develop unique computer applications, comparable to developments in medicine, law, architecture, education and other fields. Most interest in computer applications in social work to date has been clerical and made use of off-the-shelf applications. The potential of currently available technology for office automation in social work offers the prospect not only for important productivity improvement, but also for a means to dealing with …

Private Human Services In Welfare Society, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper is an effort to propose a moderately optimistic future for the personal care sector of human services. It is proposed that the best available future scenario for personal care services between now and the year 2019 is to concentrate on privatization of service delivery on a small-scale basis. Government, in this model should be limited largely to three roles: 1) source of venture capital; 2) regulation of service delivery; and 3) income maintenance for the poorest populations. In this future, the main burden of personal care services will be carried by the private sector. Dramatic improvements in the …

Applied Empirical Research On Nonprofit Organization Management: Survey And Recommendations, Kathleen M. Brown

Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

This paper reports the results of a telephone survey and a literature search undertaken to determine the nature and scope of recent applied empirical research studies related to nonprofit organization management and to suggest what the priority areas for such research should be In the Immediate future. The paper provided background material for the Institute for Nonprofit Organization Management at the University of San Francisco to use In setting Its research priorities.

Applied research was contrasted with basic or pure research and was operationally defined as research "the findings of which could be of Immediate use to managers …

No. 106 1985 November

International Journal for Business Education

SIEC Historical Documents

Companies Are Not Using Fas 33 Data, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig

Accounting Faculty Publications

How is price-adjusted information required by FAS 33, “Financial Reporting and Changing Prices,” being used for management decision-making purposes? I mailed a questionnaire survey to the controllers of all companies in the FASB's Statement 33 bank to find out the answers and to examine the company characteristics associated with such use. The questionnaire was designed to find out the extent of use and reporting of FAS 33 information for internal company purposes such as management decision making and the factors that might be associated with that use and reporting.

The controllers were asked about the extent of internal use and …

Laity Expectations Of Ministers In The Black Urban Church: A Study Of Political And Social Expectations In The Context Of Ministry To Community And World, James Henry Harris

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Management

The study examined the Black church laity's expectations of the urban minister regarding his involvement in specific social and political issues that confront inhabitants of urban areas. A survey was administered to individuals in Black churches of different protestant denominations in a Southeastern Virginia City in order to determine the degree of the laity's expectations. Specifically, the survey sought answers to the questions: Do Black church laity expect the minister to deal with socio-economic and political problems in urban areas? and, What particular urban problems do the laity expect the minister to offer leadership in facing or solving?

While this …