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Full-Text Articles in Advertising and Promotion Management

Practice Enterprises In Times Of Distance Learning: The Impact And Consequences Of The Covid-19 Pandemic To The Collaboration Of Practice Enterprises, Theresa Feuchter, Gernot Dreisiebner, Elisabeth Riebenbauer, Ph.D., Michaela Stock Dec 2021

Practice Enterprises In Times Of Distance Learning: The Impact And Consequences Of The Covid-19 Pandemic To The Collaboration Of Practice Enterprises, Theresa Feuchter, Gernot Dreisiebner, Elisabeth Riebenbauer, Ph.D., Michaela Stock

International Journal for Business Education

The aim of this paper is to outline the consequences which arise from the digital transformation of the multidimensional teaching and learning setting of practice enterprises and to discuss how digital collaboration of students can be supported during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an evolutionary moment also in the field of education, one can consider the experiences of COVID-19 as a catalyst for digital transformation and distance learning in education. How digital collaboration can be fostered in times of distance learning is shown by using the example of business simulations such as practice enterprises (PE). While previously this multidimensional teaching and …


Promoting Employer Desired Competencies Through A Multiphased "Workgroup" Project, Ashly Smith Dec 2021

Promoting Employer Desired Competencies Through A Multiphased "Workgroup" Project, Ashly Smith

International Journal for Business Education

Employers and business leaders have long been advocating for the importance of career readiness skills like critical thinking/problem solving, information literacy, teamwork/collaboration, professionalism/work ethic, and oral/written communication (NACE, 2019; Partnership, 2008). While faculty and students see value in projects that develop these skills, such projects can be some of the most challenging to incorporate effectively into business courses (Chapman et al., 2010; Detmering & Johnson, 2012; Lee et al., 2016; Marks & O’Connor, 2013). This article reports on a multi-phase group project that aims to strengthen a selection of these employer-desired skills while ameliorating student concerns about the research process …


Internships As Clinical Rotations In Business: Enhancing Access And Options, Faye W. Gilbert, Jason Harkins, Pankaj Agrrawal, Taylor Ashley Dec 2021

Internships As Clinical Rotations In Business: Enhancing Access And Options, Faye W. Gilbert, Jason Harkins, Pankaj Agrrawal, Taylor Ashley

International Journal for Business Education

Internships are high impact practices that offer work experiences and provide advantages for participating undergraduate students and for the talent acquisition efforts of firms. While research consistently documents the benefits of internships as a transformative experience, access and outcomes may vary for students and for underserved populations. Limitations of internships can include lack of access to enough positions as well as inadequate interactions between undergraduate students, firms, and faculty members in business programs. The purpose of this article is to describe an approach to enhancing access to internships on a larger scale with greater variety. Protocols found in clinical rotations …


Real-Time Bidding Campaigns Optimization Using User Profile Settings, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, Brian Mac Namee Nov 2021

Real-Time Bidding Campaigns Optimization Using User Profile Settings, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, Brian Mac Namee

Articles

Real-time bidding is nowadays one of the most promising systems in the online advertising ecosystem. In this study, the performance of RTB campaigns is improved by optimising the parameters of the users' profiles and the publishers' websites. Most studies concerning optimising RTB campaigns are focused on the bidding strategy, i.e., estimating the best value for each bid. However, this research focuses on optimising RTB campaigns by finding out configurations that maximise both the number of impressions and the average profitability of the visits. An online campaign configuration generally consists of a set of parameters along with their values such as …


Influencer Celebrification: How Social Media Influencers Acquire Celebrity Capital, Gillian Brooks, Jenna M. Drenten, Mikolaj Jan Piskorski Nov 2021

Influencer Celebrification: How Social Media Influencers Acquire Celebrity Capital, Gillian Brooks, Jenna M. Drenten, Mikolaj Jan Piskorski

School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The digital age has given rise to new pathways for everyday individuals to accrue media attention, which can be translated into promotional endeavors. Such sociocultural currency is referred to as celebrity capital, which can be exchanged within the field of advertising through celebrity endorsements. Traditional celebrities acquire celebrity capital through institutional intermediaries such as sport, television, music, and movies. Research is needed to understand the unique process by which social media influencers (SMIs) acquire celebrity capital. We draw on interviews with 40 global advertising industry practitioners and influencers to better understand how influencers acquire celebrity capital in a saturated media …


Social Influence, Xenocentrism And Status Consumption On Purchase Intention: In The Case Of Women’S Imported Handbags, Munkhbayasgalan Ganbold, Urandelger Gantulga Nov 2021

Social Influence, Xenocentrism And Status Consumption On Purchase Intention: In The Case Of Women’S Imported Handbags, Munkhbayasgalan Ganbold, Urandelger Gantulga

Asia Marketing Journal

The Mongolian market has got filled with imported products that pose a great challenge to domestic businesses. However, on the other hand, exported products give opportunities to understand product quality standards for domestic business owners. Therefore, it becomes meaningful to understand how the consumers distinguish between domestic and imported products. The study examines the relationship between social influence, xenocentrism, status consumption, and imported product’s purchase intention. To achieve the purpose of the research, a survey was conducted on consumers who experienced the purchase of imported products. The data were examined using SPSS and SmartPLS 3.3 after a total of 426 …


The Aggregate Impact Of Consumer Reviews On Market Outcome In Differentiated Products Market, Jun B. Kim Nov 2021

The Aggregate Impact Of Consumer Reviews On Market Outcome In Differentiated Products Market, Jun B. Kim

Asia Marketing Journal

We investigate the aggregate impact of consumer reviews on market outcome in a differentiated product category. We model consumers as Bayesian learners who use online consumer reviews to learn and update their beliefs on product quality before their choice. For our empirical analysis, we use aggregate-level, longitudinal data from Amazon.com in the digital camcorder category and estimate the demand parameters. Using model estimates, we conduct two simulation studies and quantify the impact of consumer reviews on the market outcome. We report that the products experience heterogenous market share changes: the standard deviation of market share changes across products and time …


“We Are The Land:” An Analysis Of Cultural Appropriation And Moral Outrage In Response To Christian Dior’S Sauvage Scandal, Roxana Maiorescu Nov 2021

“We Are The Land:” An Analysis Of Cultural Appropriation And Moral Outrage In Response To Christian Dior’S Sauvage Scandal, Roxana Maiorescu

Emerson Authors, Researchers, & Creators

By analyzing the online social construction of Christian Dior’s 2019 Sauvage ad, the present study contributes to the literature on public relations and diversity from the perspective of cultural appropriation, a research line that has remained unexplored. The study builds on Coombs and Tachkova’s (2018) recommendation for a theoretical and practical delineation between crises related to products, services and operations, and scandals (crises that spur moral outrage). The results reveal that the online users’ perceptions of cultural appropriation require communicative approaches that differ from previously employed crisis communication practices. A primary and secondary type of moral outrage were found to …


J Mich Dent Assoc November 2021 Nov 2021

J Mich Dent Assoc November 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

  • Cover stories with a “Focus on Advocacy: Helping Dentistry Succeed”, including “MDA Dental PAC: What It Is and Why It Matters “, “2021 Advocacy Success — and More to Come “, and “Dental Programs Maintained in 2021-22 State Budget”.
  • A feature article on “The Anishinaabe Dental Outreach Program”.
  • A feature article, “How Your Website and …


Making Connections: Marketing Ideas For Interpreters, Steve Mcdermott Oct 2021

Making Connections: Marketing Ideas For Interpreters, Steve Mcdermott

IPS/BAS 495 Undergraduate Capstone Projects

There is a need for skilled interpreters to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse communities. Many get into the field of interpretation and translation in order to assist those with language barriers, as well as earn a living for themselves. The interpreters get into the field not realizing that to succeed they also need an entrepreneurial spirit. These entrepreneurial linguists are classified as independent contractors, as such they are responsible for the business aspects of their livelihood. This includes marketing themselves in order to grow their client base. Marketing can be a daunting task in itself. In speaking with …


Advertising And Social Media Strategy For America’S National Parks: A Case Study Of Congaree National Park, Abigail Gallup Oct 2021

Advertising And Social Media Strategy For America’S National Parks: A Case Study Of Congaree National Park, Abigail Gallup

Senior Theses

Advertising for America’s National Parks comes in many different forms but is highly limited for national parks with lower visitation rates and less funding. Congaree National Park located just outside of Columbia, South Carolina has a small budget for advertising and goals to increase their visitation rates and visitor diversity. Particularly, Congaree rangers hope to increase visitation from the local Black community which surrounds Congaree National Park. Rangers at Congaree mainly use social media to advertise but have also investigated other forms of advertising and fundraising as well, including a Friends of Congaree Swamp license plate. This thesis will show …


Beauty During A Pandemic: The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Cosmetic Industry, Katelyn Gardner, Diane R. Edmondson, Lucy Matthews Oct 2021

Beauty During A Pandemic: The Impact Of Covid-19 On The Cosmetic Industry, Katelyn Gardner, Diane R. Edmondson, Lucy Matthews

Atlantic Marketing Journal

The cosmetic industry is a multi-billion-dollar industry that has taken a financial hit in 2020 due to COVID-19. The drop in cosmetic usage leaves the industry in question for future consumer intention and behavior. Survey responses from 1,715 female students at a southeastern U.S. public university was obtained using Qualtrics. Results indicate significant differences in cosmetic usage; however, post-COVID predicted usage indicates that cosmetic usage will revert back to pre-COVID levels for eye, lip, and skin cosmetics. For face cosmetics, usage will still be slightly below pre-COVID levels. The most important cosmetic category was skincare, which had the highest levels …


The Faculty Recruitment-Retention Connection: A Strategic Linkage Approach, Mary Mobley, Richard Easley Oct 2021

The Faculty Recruitment-Retention Connection: A Strategic Linkage Approach, Mary Mobley, Richard Easley

Atlantic Marketing Journal

The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) is clear about the worsening shortage of doctoral qualified faculty. It is the proposition of this paper that business schools should consider evaluating and perhaps reinvigorating recruitment strategies in both the short- and intermediate-term, as well as developing marketing management strategies that will help alleviate business faculty shortages in the long-term. Strategic marketing guidance is set forth in this paper with a focus on the development and institutionalization of managerial linkages between recruitment-retention connections. Our major premise is that leadership robustness is needed relative to the construction and implementation of strategic …


An Analysis On Engaging “Beauty Work”, Timothy Reisenwitz, Jie G. Fowler Oct 2021

An Analysis On Engaging “Beauty Work”, Timothy Reisenwitz, Jie G. Fowler

Atlantic Marketing Journal

This study attempts to compare non-invasive cosmetic procedures consumers who use a high amount of information sources with those who use a low amount of information sources in the information search stage of the decision-making process. The findings indicate that patients who use more cosmetic procedures information sources have lower cognitive ages. Patients who use less information have a greater attitude toward social media advertising and the traditional advertising of cosmetic procedures. Finally, patients who use more cosmetic procedures information have greater increases in self-image after the procedure than those patients who use less information. The findings contribute to marketing …


Market Research For Small Businesses: A “Real World” Perspective, Kerry Wu Sep 2021

Market Research For Small Businesses: A “Real World” Perspective, Kerry Wu

Library Faculty and Staff Publications and Presentations

SCORE plays an essential role in supporting predominantly new small business entrepreneurs with limited resources. This article shares findings from in-depth interviews with SCORE mentors on how they advised clients on doing market research, their strategies and recommended resources on popular topics, and the perceived challenges their clients faced. Academic librarians can take advantage of opportunities identified in the study to build a robust relationship with SCORE, as well as leveraging SCORE methods and resources in their core reference and instruction work with students.


The Possibility Of Applying Total Quality Management In The Accounting Works In The Jordanian Customs Department (Field Study), Murad Radida Sep 2021

The Possibility Of Applying Total Quality Management In The Accounting Works In The Jordanian Customs Department (Field Study), Murad Radida

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

This study aimed to exploring the strength and weakness of applied total quality management at accounting sections at Jordan Customs, and to know the accountants opinion about the true characters of it. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a questioner was developed and distributed to the study sample, (85) members responded, (12) questionnaires were excluded, the analysis is based on (73) questionnaires containing full information, forming a response rate of (85) percent. The following are the most important findings of this study, there are no statistical difference in means of potentials and obstacles of implementation TQM in …


Mediating Role Of Perceived Value On The Relationship Among Perceived Risks, Perceived Quality, And Purchase Intention Of Private Label Brands, Meenu Mathur, Sanjeevni Gangwani Sep 2021

Mediating Role Of Perceived Value On The Relationship Among Perceived Risks, Perceived Quality, And Purchase Intention Of Private Label Brands, Meenu Mathur, Sanjeevni Gangwani

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

In the current competitive retail market, retailers constantly strive to deliver products to consumers at a better value. Consumers are becoming more price sensitive but still seeking quality products. A retailer can establish value with a brand. Consequently, retailers are introducing their own private label brands (PLBs), which also differentiate their products from competitors. The role of perceived value in the purchase behavior of PLBs and its relationship with quality and various risk dimensions has received scant consideration in the retailing literature. Our study suggests perceived value is a mediating part in associations amid perceived quality, perceived risks, and purchase …


Characterizing And Categorizing The Essence Of Sport Consumption Behavior: A Thematic Analysis, Sid Terason Sep 2021

Characterizing And Categorizing The Essence Of Sport Consumption Behavior: A Thematic Analysis, Sid Terason

The Qualitative Report

Sport consumer decision making is a complex process in which an individual evaluates, acquires, uses, or disposes of sport products or services. This qualitative study aimed to identify, understand, and describe the essential characteristics of sport products consumption behavior among professional athletes in Thailand. In-depth interviewing was carried out on 25 professional athlete consumers who responded to semi-structured questions regarding their sport goods consumption. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts to describe the essential characteristics of the consumption and to identify overarching topics. Following social constructionism, three themes (i.e., acquisition, use, and disposal) were analyzed and eight categories (i.e., …


Counting Monopoly Money Twice: Resale Discounting In Consumer-To-Consumer Exchange, Catherine A. Armstrong Soule, Sara Hanson Sep 2021

Counting Monopoly Money Twice: Resale Discounting In Consumer-To-Consumer Exchange, Catherine A. Armstrong Soule, Sara Hanson

Marketing Faculty Publications

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) secondhand exchange activity has exploded due to increased user connectivity stemming from widespread digital platform development and adoption. This research focuses on the effects of participation in secondhand exchange collectives on price perceptions. In three studies, the authors find that participation in secondhand exchange leads to price perception changes at various stages of the buying and reselling process, including traditional retail purchase decisions via resale discounting, a novel decision making bias. This research demonstrates that secondhand markets can cause individuals who are considering a purchase to (1) view firsthand prices as more reasonable and (2) increase purchase likelihood …


How Can Apple Be More Fruitful In India, Isabella Bertolani, Amani Elchaar, Kamari Davis, Lawrence Ofili, Michal Kardacz, Nakia Abdul, Pamela Diaz, Zack Mcpherson Aug 2021

How Can Apple Be More Fruitful In India, Isabella Bertolani, Amani Elchaar, Kamari Davis, Lawrence Ofili, Michal Kardacz, Nakia Abdul, Pamela Diaz, Zack Mcpherson

Symposium of Student Scholars

Abstract

How Apple Can become Fruitful in India: An International Marketing Case Study

Izzy Bertolani, Pamela Diaz, Zack McPherson, Amani Elchaar, Michal Kardacz, Kamari Davis, Nakia Abdul, and Lawrence Ofili

Apple, founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in the United States in 1976, is a $91.8 billion, leading global technology company with 61% of revenue coming from international sales (“Apple Reports,”2020). Apple markets its iPhones in 26 countries and entered India with its iPhone 4 in 2011 (“The 15 coolest”2019). India is an attractive emerging market with a 1.37 billion population, $280 billion GDP, 5% growth rate, and a …


Amazon: A Maze Through China - An International Marketing Case Study, Hanane Goubil Aug 2021

Amazon: A Maze Through China - An International Marketing Case Study, Hanane Goubil

Symposium of Student Scholars

Amazon is an e-commerce technology company best known for its fast delivering time and for being one of the tops of the big four technology companies in the United States. Despite its success in the U.S. and several countries abroad, it has struggled to succeed in China since 2004 where Alibaba and JD.com control 82% of the market. This is due to Amazon failing to compete with Alibaba and neglecting to acclimatize their online offers to appease Chinese customers’ preferences. An example of this is that Alibaba has its own payment system called Alipay, while Amazon had yet to include …


B Corps’ Social Media Communications During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Through The Lens Of The Triple Bottom Line, Manveer Mann, Sang-Eun Byun, Whitney Ginder Aug 2021

B Corps’ Social Media Communications During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Through The Lens Of The Triple Bottom Line, Manveer Mann, Sang-Eun Byun, Whitney Ginder

Department of Marketing Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The COVID-19 pandemic and rising demand for transparency has heightened the importance of sustainability communications on social media to generate deeper stakeholder engagement. Although B Corporations (B Corps), businesses committed to the triple bottom line (TBL), could serve as a catalyst for sustainable development, little is known about how they communicate on social media during a crisis. Therefore, we examined social media communications of B Corps to (1) identify salient topics and themes, (2) analyze how these themes align with the TBL, and (3) evaluate social media performance against industry benchmarks. We focused on the apparel, footwear, and accessories (AFA) …


Embedding Sustainability Literacy In Business School Curricula Through Reflective Pedagogy: An Exploratory Study Of Student Reflections Of The Sulitest, Ciara Nolan Dr, Cormac H. Macmahon, Olivia Freeman, Alacoque Mcalpine, Lucia Walsh, Deirdre Duffy Dr Aug 2021

Embedding Sustainability Literacy In Business School Curricula Through Reflective Pedagogy: An Exploratory Study Of Student Reflections Of The Sulitest, Ciara Nolan Dr, Cormac H. Macmahon, Olivia Freeman, Alacoque Mcalpine, Lucia Walsh, Deirdre Duffy Dr

Conference papers

Purpose

Sustainability has emerged as a megatrend affecting all aspects of management practice. SDG 4.7 has mandated business schools to provide education for responsible leadership and to integrate sustainability principles in their curricula. Faculty are challenged to mainstream sustainability through engaging pedagogy that inspires and offers concrete tools. Yet, pedagogy has been viewed as a key challenge to embedding sustainability in management education.

Design / Methodology / Approach

We highlight the role of reflection in promoting the enhancement of sustainability literacy in business school curricula, supporting our proposition that management education for sustainability must have a reflective dimension that engages …


Teenagers’ Moral Advertising Literacy In An Influencer Marketing Context, Emma Sweeney, Margaret-Anne Lawlor, Mairead Brady Aug 2021

Teenagers’ Moral Advertising Literacy In An Influencer Marketing Context, Emma Sweeney, Margaret-Anne Lawlor, Mairead Brady

Articles

Teenagers are avid consumers of social media and also constitute attractive target audiences for influencer marketing (IM). Teenagers can perceive strong, parasocial relationships with influencers, frequently regarding them as being akin to a peer or a friend. Furthermore, influencer endorsements are observed to carry greater credibility and authenticity than traditional forms of advertising. This therefore raises questions about young consumers’ discernment of, and critical evaluation of the overall appropriateness when influencers act as conduits of commercial messages on behalf of brands. This paper reports on a qualitative study of 29 teenagers aged 15–17 years. The aim was to explore the …


Relationship Between Ewom And Purchase Intention: Moderating Role Of Culture (Evidence From University Students Of Pakistan), Shaikh Obaidullah, Asad Shahbaz, Tariq Majeed Aug 2021

Relationship Between Ewom And Purchase Intention: Moderating Role Of Culture (Evidence From University Students Of Pakistan), Shaikh Obaidullah, Asad Shahbaz, Tariq Majeed

Business Review

This study is an attempt to find out the relationship between eWOM and Purchase Intention (PI) with the moderating role of culture among the varsities students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose data was collected from business and management students of various public and private sector universities. The adopted version of constructs was used to obtain the data. The result indicates that the Consumer Review (CR), Brand Image (BI) and Source Credibility (SC) attributes of eWOM have a significant relationship with (PI), while Brand Equity (BE) shows an insignificant relationship with PI. Interestingly findings from a cultural perspective indicate no …


Alcohol Advertisements On Social Media: A Study Of How Alcohol Advertisements On Social Media Platforms Appeal To Young People, Alexis Campbell Aug 2021

Alcohol Advertisements On Social Media: A Study Of How Alcohol Advertisements On Social Media Platforms Appeal To Young People, Alexis Campbell

Journalism Undergraduate Honors Theses

Underage drinking is not uncommon and is associated with a number of school, social, legal, emotional, behavioral, health problems, and even death. This research seeks to explore alcohol-related social media advertisements across a variety of alcohol types, alcohol brands, and social media platforms. This was accomplished by a content analysis of the most popular alcohol brands’ advertisements on the Internet that examined the strategies used to appeal to consumers and the overall content patterns and characteristics of online alcohol advertisements. The strategy used differed by brand and alcohol type, but the most common themes included “taste,” “seasonal,” “holiday,” “recipe,” and …


Proceedings Of The Global Conference On Services Management: Volume 2, Cihan Cobanoglu, Valentina Della Corte Aug 2021

Proceedings Of The Global Conference On Services Management: Volume 2, Cihan Cobanoglu, Valentina Della Corte

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

This is the second volume of the Global Conference on Services Management Proceedings Series.

ISSN: 2641-5062


Effect Of Brand Credibility And Innovation On Customer Based Brand Equity And Overall Brand Equity In Turkey: An Investigation Of Gsm Operators, Suphan Nasir, Ozge Guvendik Aug 2021

Effect Of Brand Credibility And Innovation On Customer Based Brand Equity And Overall Brand Equity In Turkey: An Investigation Of Gsm Operators, Suphan Nasir, Ozge Guvendik

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

Today, challenging and intense global competition conditions have led to the transformation of local and small markets into larger and more developed markets. For this reason, firms have had to make different strategic decisions in order to survive and profit. If firms want to challenge the competitors one way is to increase their brand equity. The main purpose of this research is the effect of brand credibility and innovation on customer based brand equity and overall brand equity in the context of three GSM operators in Turkey. The sample for the study is limited to 589 participants. The data was …


Food Insecurity In Detroit: Exploring The Relationship Between Patient-Reported Food Insecurity And Proximity To Healthful Grocery Stores, Sara Santarossa, Alex B. Hill, Alexandra R. Sitarik, Mackenzie Taylor, Susan Hawkins, Katherine Scher, Aaron Sohaski, Mohammed Baseer, Rachael Dombrowski, Alexander Plum, Christine Lm Joseph Jul 2021

Food Insecurity In Detroit: Exploring The Relationship Between Patient-Reported Food Insecurity And Proximity To Healthful Grocery Stores, Sara Santarossa, Alex B. Hill, Alexandra R. Sitarik, Mackenzie Taylor, Susan Hawkins, Katherine Scher, Aaron Sohaski, Mohammed Baseer, Rachael Dombrowski, Alexander Plum, Christine Lm Joseph

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

Objective:
The objective of the current study was to determine if patients of a large health care system in Detroit who self-identify as food insecure live further away from healthy grocery stores compared with food secure patients. Second, we explored whether food insecurity and distance to healthy grocery stores are related to ecological measures of vehicle availability in the area of residence.

Design:
A secondary data analysis that uses baseline data from a pilot intervention/feasibility study.

Setting:
Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Participants:
Patients of Henry Ford Health System were screened for food insecurity to determine eligibility for a pilot intervention/feasibility study …


Visual Representation Of Black Students And Its Effect On Enrollment At Predominantly White, Faith-Based Universities, Namon Pope Jul 2021

Visual Representation Of Black Students And Its Effect On Enrollment At Predominantly White, Faith-Based Universities, Namon Pope

McNair Scholars Research

As higher education institutions diversify their student body, they employ tactics specifically aimed at reaching prospective students from minority groups. This study examined marketing tactics used by universities through a content analysis of photographs posted to the Instagram accounts of three faith-based universities in the United States. Photographed individuals were classified into different ethnic groups to understand how frequently members of those groups were visually represented. A Pearson Correlation using data gathered from the content analysis and each university’s enrollment and retention data for Black students did not find statistical significance. Limitations of the study and future research are discussed.