Bioink Properties Before, During And After 3d Bioprinting,
2016
Technical University Vienna, Austria
Bioink Properties Before, During And After 3d Bioprinting, Katja Hölzl, Shengmao Lin, Liesbeth Tytgat, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Linxia Gu, Aleksandr Ovsianikov
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
Bioprinting is a process based on additive manufacturing from materials containing living cells. These materials, often referred to as bioink, are based on cytocompatible hydrogel precursor formulations, which gel in a manner compatible with different bioprinting approaches. The bioink properties before, during and after gelation are essential for its printability, comprising such features as achievable structural resolution, shape fidelity and cell survival. However, it is the final properties of the matured bioprinted tissue construct that are crucial for the end application. During tissue formation these properties are influenced by the amount of cells present in the construct, their proliferation, migration …
Optical Patterning Of Trapped Charge In Nitrogen-Doped Diamond,
2016
CUNY-City College of New York
Optical Patterning Of Trapped Charge In Nitrogen-Doped Diamond, Harishankar Jayakumar, Jacob Henshaw, Siddharth Dhomkar, Daniela Pagliero, Abdelghani Laraoui, Neil B. Manson, Remus Albu, Marcus W. Doherty, Carlos A. Meriles
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond is emerging as a promising platform for solid-state quantum information processing and nanoscale metrology. Of interest in these applications is the manipulation of the NV charge, which can be attained by optical excitation. Here, we use two-colour optical microscopy to investigate the dynamics of NV photo-ionization, charge diffusion and trapping in type-1b diamond. We combine fixed-point laser excitation and scanning fluorescence imaging to locally alter the concentration of negatively charged NVs, and to subsequently probe the corresponding redistribution of charge. We uncover the formation of spatial patterns of trapped charge, which we qualitatively reproduce …
Prospects Of D-Π-A Structured Porphyrins And Their Photoelectrochemical Application,
2016
Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan , 430074,Hubei,China;
Prospects Of D-Π-A Structured Porphyrins And Their Photoelectrochemical Application, Shuang-Shuang Liu, Jian-Feng Lu, Ming-Kui Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Porphyrins and their metalloderivatives are a class of compounds exhibiting a wide variety of interesting and highly useful properties, such as chlorophyll. Porphyrins are particularly interesting in photoelectrochemical applications due to their structural similarity to chlorophylls in natural photosynthetic systems, as well as their strong and tunable absorption properties. Recently, various porphyrins have been extensively studied for their applications in solar cells, photocatalytic hydrogen production, optical information storage and others. This review will focus on the unique physical and chemical properties of D-π-A structured porphyrins, and their photovoltaic performances in dye-sensitized solar cells. A brief discussion in the future development …
Activation Effect Of Nano-Carbon Derived From Co2 On Lead Electrode In Sulfuric Aqueous Solution,
2016
School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China;
Activation Effect Of Nano-Carbon Derived From Co2 On Lead Electrode In Sulfuric Aqueous Solution, Yu-Qiao Song, Hua Zhu, Guang-Jin Zhao, Wen-Long Wu, Shou-Bin Zhou, Di-Hua Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Serious sulfation of the negative plate is one of the most popular reasons of the early failure of lead-acid battery. Addition of nano-carbon was proved to be effective for recovering the sulfated electrode and the property of the carbon material always plays an important role. In this work, a new kind of nano-carbon material with high electrical conductivity and good adsorption capability for heavy metal cations, which is electrochemically prepared from CO2 in molten carbonates, was tested as activation additive for the sulfated lead electrode by cyclic voltammetry and SEM measurements. The results showed that the as-prepared carbon can …
WoX/Pedot:Pss Double-Layered Hole-Transport Layers For Efficient And Stable Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells,
2016
Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, School of Renewable Energy, North China ElectricPower University, Beijing 102206, China
WoX/Pedot:Pss Double-Layered Hole-Transport Layers For Efficient And Stable Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells, Wen-Yuan Qiao, Qiang Guo, Cong Li, Shuang Ma, Fu-Zhi Wang, Song-Yuan Dai, Zhan-Ao Tan
Journal of Electrochemistry
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a commonly used hole-transport material in the perovskite solar cells (PerSCs) structure of perovskite/fullerene planer heterojunction, but it also has a negative effect on the stability of device because of its acidity which will corrode metal oxide transparent electrodes. In this work, a WOx hole-transport layer with high work function was inserted into the PEDOT: PSS and FTO to enhance the stability and photovoltaic performance. The inserted WOx layer not only can avoid direct contact between PEDOT:PSS and FTO, but also can further reduce the contact barrier between the electrode interface. We studied the effect …
A Novel Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based On Pt Networks Counter Electrode,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005
A Novel Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based On Pt Networks Counter Electrode, Zi-Jie Xu, Fa-Yin Zhang, Xiao-Dan Hong, Wen-Xi Guo, Xiang-Yang Liu, Chang-Jian Lin
Journal of Electrochemistry
Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received widespread attentions in recent years because of their ease of fabrication, low production cost, relatively high chemical stability and flexibility. We report the fabrication of ZnO DSSCs based on the highly flexible, conducting, catalytic and transparent Pt networks counter electrode, and the performance of this solar cell was characterized by SEM, XRD, polarized fluorescence microscope, motor, I-V test station and electrochemical workstation. Compared to Pt nanofiber arrays (NFs), Pt networks not only show a better conductivity, but also exhibit superior transparency and catalytic activity. Furthermore, Pt networks electrode could be constructed on arbitrary …
Fabrications Of Three Copper Sulfide Counter Electrodes And Their Influences On Photovoltaic Properties In Qdsscs,
2016
Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005;
Fabrications Of Three Copper Sulfide Counter Electrodes And Their Influences On Photovoltaic Properties In Qdsscs, Xiao-Dan Hong, Zi-Jie Xu, Fa-Yin Zhang, Yu-Peng Li, Mei-Dan Ye, Chang-Jian Lin, Wen-Xi Guo
Journal of Electrochemistry
Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) have attracted intensive attention in scientific and industrial fields due to their high molar extinction coefficient, spectral tunability by particle size, ease of fabrication, and low cost. In the past years, semiconductor metal sulfides have attracted extensive attention because of their attractive physical and chemical properties for potential applications in many fields,such as PbS, CuS, CoS and CdS. In particular, copper sulfides have become a promising candidate for counter electrode materials in QDSSCs for their outstanding electrochemical and catalytic properties. In order to explore more stable and efficient copper sulfide counter electrode materials, in this …
Hydrothermal One-Step Synthesis Of Layered Nickel/Cobalt Double Hydroxide With Using Shape-Directing Agent And Homogeneous Precipitating Agent,
2016
College of Chemistry and Chemieal Engineering, Uniersity ofSouth China, Hlengyang, Hunan 421001, China
Hydrothermal One-Step Synthesis Of Layered Nickel/Cobalt Double Hydroxide With Using Shape-Directing Agent And Homogeneous Precipitating Agent, Li-Wei Zhu, Yun-Hai Yan, Hui Jia, Run-Fen Liang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nickel/cobalt double hydroxide (Ni/Co-DH) has been prepared by facile hydrothermal one-step synthesis method using hexamethylene tetramine (HMT) as a homogeneous precipitating agent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a shape-directing agent. With the hydrolysis of HMT and the use of CTAB, the Ni/Co-DH could be synthesized without additional alkali source, and in the meantime, the Ni/Co-DH exhibited a controlled mesopore size of 13.4 nm and a large BET surface area of 93.6 m2 •g-1 . The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern displays that the Ni/Co-DH existed as a mixture of α-Ni(OH)2-β-Co(OH)2. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) …
Special Issue: Photoelectrochemistry And New Types Of Solar Cells,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University;
Special Issue: Photoelectrochemistry And New Types Of Solar Cells, Chang-Jian Lin, Yong-Fang Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
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Theoretical Study Of Photoelectrochemical Reactions And Ec-Sers On Spr Metallic Electrodes Of Silver And Gold,
2016
Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
Theoretical Study Of Photoelectrochemical Reactions And Ec-Sers On Spr Metallic Electrodes Of Silver And Gold, Yuan-Fei Wu, Ran Pang, Meng Zhang, Jian-Zhang Zhou, Bin Ren, Zhong-Qun Tian, De-Yin Wu
Journal of Electrochemistry
At present photoelectrochemistry has received much concern back to nanostructures of noble metals from semiconductor electrodes. This is due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metallic nanostructures, which can effectively convert the far-field light to the near-field light and concentrate the photonic energy to the local surface area with high energy density. Thus, the different enhancement mechanisms, such as the local optical field enhancement, the formation of light generated hot carriers (hot electron-hole pairs), or the photothermal effect, have been proposed in literatures. On the basis of the SPR enhancement effect, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be …
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Cells: Methods For Improving Performance Of Electrodes And Recent Progress On Photocathodes,
2016
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.;
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Cells: Methods For Improving Performance Of Electrodes And Recent Progress On Photocathodes, Kai-Jian Zhu, Wen-Jun Luo, Zhong-Jie Guan, Xin Wen, Zhi-Gang Zou, Wei Huang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Photoelectrochemical water splitting can convert solar energy into hydrogen which is an ideal way to utilize and store solar energy. A p-n tandem cell is considered as the most promising solar water splitting cell due to its high theory conversion efficiency, low cost and photoelectrode material flexibility. However, solar conversion efficiency of a tandem cell is still low in the experiment because of poor performance in a single photoelectrode. In this review, we have introduced some effective approaches to improve the performances of photoelectrodes by reducing recombination of photogenerated carriers in the bulk or on the surface, and suppressing back …
Preparations And Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Phosphate Modified Rgo-Biobr Nanocomposites,
2016
Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China;
Preparations And Photoelectrochemical Properties Of Phosphate Modified Rgo-Biobr Nanocomposites, Shuang-Ying Chen, Zhi-Jun Li, Xu-Liang Zhang, Kang Hu, Rui Yan, Li-Qiang Jing
Journal of Electrochemistry
The RGO-BiOBr nanocomposites have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process, and then modified with phosphorous acids. The photoelectrochemical properties of the fabricated RGO-BiOBr nanocomposite films were studied. The results indicate that the photocurrent densities of RGO-BiOBr were much larger compared with those of the bare BiOBr, and interestingly, the photocurrent densities were further improved after phosphate modification. Based on the analyses of the produced hydroxyl radical amounts, the enhanced photocurrent densities could be attributed to the introduction of RGO and to the formed negative fields of modified phosphate groups, which are favorable for electrons to be transferred and for …
Rapid Grain Boundary Mobility At Ambient Temperatures,
2016
Brigham Young University
Rapid Grain Boundary Mobility At Ambient Temperatures, Jarrod M. Lund, R Adam Bilodeau, Rebecca K. Kramer
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Understanding and measuring the influence of grain boundaries (planar defects in the crystalline structure of materials) and their motion has become a dominant aspect in materials research, with applications in additive manufacturing, fatigue prevention, and material modeling. However, modeling grain boundaries and grain boundary mobility (GBM) is difficult due to the high temperatures or external stresses, imaging solutions compatible with the material system, and long time-scales required to create measurable experimental results. In this paper, we introduce a novel material system that allows for easy and fast visualization of GBM. A drop of liquid metal eutectic gallium indium (eGaIn) placed …
Characterization Of Suspension Polymerized Polyacrylamide And Poly(Sodium Acrylate-Acrylamide) Copolymer And Their Size Influence On The Properties Of Concrete,
2016
Purdue University
Characterization Of Suspension Polymerized Polyacrylamide And Poly(Sodium Acrylate-Acrylamide) Copolymer And Their Size Influence On The Properties Of Concrete, Cole R. Davis, Kendra A. Erk, Stacey L. Kelly
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Shrinkage leading to cracking and mechanical instability is a major problem for concrete due to the loss of water during the curing process. However, through the addition of Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) hydrogels, shrinkage can be prevented, increasing the strength of concrete. Characterization of suspension polymerized polyacrylamide (PAM) poly(sodium acrylate-polyacrylamide) (PANa-PAM) copolymer microsphere sizes, morphology and swelling behavior was conducted before adding them to concrete. Size was determined using microscopy paired with ImageJ analysis. Coulter Counter size characterization was also used to determine the particle size distribution. Swelling behavior was determined using the tea bag method as well as size analysis …
Forcing Cesium Into Higher Oxidation States Via Useful Hard X-Ray Induced Chemistry At Extreme Conditions,
2016
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Forcing Cesium Into Higher Oxidation States Via Useful Hard X-Ray Induced Chemistry At Extreme Conditions, Daniel Thomas Sneed
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Recent theoretical work published in Nature Chemistry postulates the existence of cesium in high oxidation states when bonding with fluorine. It is thus predicted to behave as a p-block element (such as xenon) at pressures above 5 GPa. At these pressures, fluorine atoms may bond with the inner p-shell electrons forming CsFn, where n may vary from 2 up to 6; thus the oxidation state of Cs may change up to 6+. My research focused on physically synthesizing these compounds and to verify that, given the right conditions, bonding doesn't only occur with valence electrons, but with the inner p-shell …
Contact Radius And Insulator-Metal Transition In Films Comprised Of Touching Semiconductor Nanocrystals,
2016
Washington University in St. Louis
Contact Radius And Insulator-Metal Transition In Films Comprised Of Touching Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Deanna M. Lanigan
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Nanocrystal assemblies are being explored for a number of optoelectronic applications such as transparent conductors, photovoltaic solar cells, and electrochromic windows. Majority carrier transport is important for these applications, yet it remains relatively poorly understood in films comprised of touching nanocrystals. Specifically, the underlying structural parameters expected to determine the transport mechanism have not been fully elucidated. In this report, we demonstrate experimentally that the contact radius, between touching heavily doped ZnO nanocrystals, controls the electron transport mechanism. Spherical nanocrystals are considered, which are connected by a circular area. The radius of this circular area is the contact radius. For …
Optimization Of Takeoffs On Unbalanced Fields Using Takeoff Performance Tool,
2016
AAR Aerospace Consulting, LLC
Optimization Of Takeoffs On Unbalanced Fields Using Takeoff Performance Tool, Nihad E. Daidzic
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Unbalanced field length exists when ASDA and TODA are not equal. Airport authority may add less expensive substitutes to runway full-strength pavement in the form of stopways and/or clearways to basic TORA to increase operational takeoff weights. Here developed Takeoff Performance Tool is a physics-based total-energy model used to simulate FAR/CS 25 regulated airplane takeoffs. Any aircraft, runway, and environmental conditions can be simulated, while complying with the applicable regulations and maximizing performance takeoff weights. The mathematical model was translated into Matlab, Fortran 95/2003/2008, Basic, and MS Excel computer codes. All existing FAR/CS 25 takeoff regulations are implemented. Average forces …
Contribution Of Fiber Undulation To Mechanics Of
Three-Dimensional Collagen-I Gel,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Contribution Of Fiber Undulation To Mechanics Of Three-Dimensional Collagen-I Gel, Shengmao Lin, Linxia Gu
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications
The collagen-I gel is extensively used as a scaffold material in tissue engineering due to its ability to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, the mechanics of collagen-I gel is investigated using a numerical model of three-dimensional collagen network. The resulted mechanical behavior was validated against the published experimental data. Results illustrated that fiber alignment was dominated in the low strain region, and its transition to stretching dominated phenomena at higher strain led to the strain stiffening of collagen gel. The collagen undulation at the microscopic level was found to delay the initiation of strain stiffening
Synthesis, Structural Diversity, And Redox Control Of Cyclometalated Monoruthenium Complexes,
2016
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Synthesis, Structural Diversity, And Redox Control Of Cyclometalated Monoruthenium Complexes, Zhong-Liang Gong, Jiang-Yang Shao, Yu-Wu Zhong
Journal of Electrochemistry
Cyclometalated ruthenium complexes have received increasing attractions recently due to their excellent redox and photophysical properties. One structural feature of these complexes is that there is a ruthenium-carbon (Ru-C) σ bond presented in the molecule. Three common methods, namely, the “late metalation”, “early metalation”, and “transmetalation” methods, for the synthesis of cyclometalated ruthenium complexes are discussed and summarized. General strategies for the design of cyclometalating ligand and cyclometalated ruthenium complexes are introduced. By using different ancillary ligands, such as pyridine, imidazole, triazole, and pyrimidine, a great number of ruthenium complexes can be prepared. The presence of the Ru-C bond significantly …
The Progress Of Order-Structured Membrane Electrode Assembly,
2016
Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
The Progress Of Order-Structured Membrane Electrode Assembly, Shang-Feng Jiang, Bao-Lian Yi
Journal of Electrochemistry
Performances of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been recently improved. However, the cost and Pt loading must be further reduced for the commercialization of PEMFCs. Previous researches have proved that the order-structured electrode is beneficial to the effective utilization of Pt-based catalysts, decreasing the Pt loading and increasing the three-phase boundary for reaction. Especially, the nanostructure thin films (NSTFs) electrode, an ultra-thin catalytic layer developed by 3M Company, demonstrates high performance and durability. Besides, some other researchers have employed the high conductive carbon nanotube arrays or high stable metal oxide arrays as the order-structured catalyst supports for fundamental …
