Structural Engineering Commons^™

Fatigue Analysis Of The Greenup Lock Gate On The Ohio River, Maggie Langston

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis analyzes damage due to fatigue of a typical lock gate on the United States waterway transportation system. Functioning lock gates are essential for this mode of transportation because they control water levels and provide access through dams for ships. Fatigue cracking is caused by cyclic loading and corrosion. Cyclic loading on a lock gate was imitated using a finite element model. This model was used to calculate stress ranges for a cycle so that the number of cycles to failure could be calculated. The proportion of cycles to cycles to failure is known as the fatigue capacity. A …

Predicted Vs Measured Initial Camber In Precast Prestressed Concrete Girders, Luke T. Freedle

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Prestressing of concrete is the introduction of permanent internal stresses in a structure or system in order to improve its performance. Concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension. The tensile strength of concrete is approximately 10% of the concrete’s compressive strength. Prestressing strands helps counteract this by introducing compressive stress in the area that will experience tensile stress because of the service load. In precast prestressed concrete girders, strands are placed in the bottom flange of the girder. These strands are tensioned to approximately 75% of their ultimate tensile capacity. After placing the concrete and after the required …

Effectiveness Of Small Strain Shear Wave Velocity As A Property For Assessing Damage Associated With Alkali-Silica Reaction In Concrete, Dillon K. Self

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

This research paper details the monitoring of expansion and shear wave velocity for fifteen concrete prisms cast in accordance with ASTM C1293 utilizing five mix designs with varying levels of ASR reactivity. Jobe sand and sodium hydroxide pellets were added in various quantities to increase the reactivity of the prisms. Strain measurements of the prisms were taken according to ASTM C129 and the shear wave velocity of the prisms was measured using ASTM C215. These measurements were taken weekly, then monthly for over a year. It was determined that shear wave velocity of the prisms decrease linearly as strain in …

Non-Contact Based Structural Damage Assessment Using Stochastic Subspace Identification And Finite Element Model Updating., Li Yang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research proposed and verified an innovative method to identify and locate structural damage using only the response of operational vibration, that is the displacement acquired by a non-contact optical method. The most efficient and economical way to detect damage within the structure is to monitor its structural health while in operation. However, the uncertainties and the randomness of ambient vibrations due to the operation and environments cause a challenge in conducting the operational analysis. Current technology limits the ability to collect data on the properties of the structure without the interruption of operation. Frequencies and mode shapes have been …

Effects Of Wash Water On The Compressive Strength Of Concrete, Gabriel W. Cook

Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Due to the scale of concrete production throughout the world, there is potential for implementing methodologies that reduce the environmental impact of concrete processes. One intriguing solution is utilizing concrete wash water as mixing water. Concrete wash water is the water created by concrete production. If wash water can be reused, this would provide a safe disposal of the water and save millions of gallons of potable water per year (Indiana, 2014). For this to become a realistic option for concrete plants, it is important that the wash water does not decrease the compressive strength of concrete, otherwise the cost …

Evaluating The Impact Of Different Types Of Stabilized Bases On The Overall Performance Of Flexible Pavements, Andrae Anthony Francois

Theses and Dissertations

This study was initiated with the aim of evaluating the impact of stabilized and untreated base layers on the performance (i.e., fatigue and rutting) of flexible pavements. Four field sections constructed using stabilized base layers (i.e., bituminous (asphalt emulsion), calcium chloride (CaCl-2), Portland cement, and geogrid stabilized base layers) and a control section constructed using untreated RAP aggregates were analyzed in this study. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted on all the field sections and the collected data was used to backcalculate the elastic moduli for all layers. The influence of the stabilized bases and the untreated RAP base …

Evaluation Of Protection Of Frp Wrap On Bridge Piers From Corrosive Effects Of Snow And Ice Chemicals, Lizzie Miller

Honors Theses

Highway bridge components, such as decks and piers, are structures that are often exposed to chlorine-heavy chemicals. Corrosion of rebar, one of the main contributors to structural deficiencies in highway bridges, is largely caused by chloride contamination from exposure to deicing salts and chemicals. Current forms of external protection to highway bridge piers include paint coatings, shells, and wraps. This thesis will focus on the protective capabilities that Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wraps could provide to bridge piers. ASTM C666 was utilized to recreate environmental conditions, during which concrete samples were exposed to calcium chloride. ASTM C1760-12 was utilized to …

A Plastic Design Method For Rc Moment Frame Buildings Against Progressive Collapse, Hadi Faghihmaleki

Makara Journal of Technology

In this study, progressive collapse potential of generic 3-, 8- and 12-storey RC moment frame buildings designed based on IBC-2006 code was investigated by performing non-linear static and dynamic analyses. It was observed that the model structures had high potential for progressive collapse when the second floor column was suddenly removed. Then, the size of beams required to satisfy the failure criteria for progressive collapse was obtained by using the virtual work method; i.e., using the equilibrium of the external work done by gravity load due to loss of a column and the internal work done by plastic rotation of …

In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation Of Caffeine Imprinted Polymer (Caf-Mip) For Decaffeination Method On Normal Chang Liver Cells, Fatimah Hashim, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Naizatul Akmal Nawi

Makara Journal of Technology

Over consuming of caffeine is one of the factors to a few health problems such as insomnia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the Caffeine-Imprinted Polymer (CAF-MIP) toxicity that was synthesized for a new alternative method for decaffeination. It is crucial to evaluate the toxicity of CAF-MIPas this product is potential to be used as complimentary with any drinks containing caffeine. In this study, the CAF-MIP toxicity potential was confirmed on Normal Chang Liver cell (NCLC) based on its IC50 value andacridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining for mode of cell death observation.Proliferation assay …

Sorption And Ion Exchange Behaviour Of Natural Zeolite Packing, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo, Bernice Lenora, Wiratni Budhijanto, Hirofumi Hinode

Makara Journal of Technology

It is well known that zeolite is an efficient metal ions adsorbent. The excess charge of the zeolite building blocks i.e. (AlO4)-5 and (SiO4)-4 creating a negative surface charge that attract metal cations. Beside the surface charge, zeolite also has three dimensional pore structure and reasonably large surface area which also can be used as adsorption sites. Ease of cation uptake make it suitable for many process with adsorption and desorption application. This study was conducted to observe the sorption and ion exchange behaviour of zeolite-betonite rings toward iron and cobalt cations. The results shows that the adsorption patterns follow …

Evaluating The Bond Behavior Between Frp And Grooved Concrete Specimens Using Single Shear Pull Out Test, John Omboko

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Surface preparation affects the bond behavior between Fiber Reinforcing Polymer (FRP) composite material and concrete. In this research, a special type of surface preparation known as grooving, which involves cutting transverse grooves, is conducted on concrete blocks (specimens) that are categorized as either Unfilled (U) or Filled (F). This idea is to ascertain how the grooves affect the strength of FRP-bonded-concrete specimen. These two categories are then benchmarked to control (C) specimens which do not have grooves on them. Category U specimens only have the epoxy applied on the concrete surface while category F specimens have epoxy applied on both …

Encapsulation Process Of Propolis Extract By Casein Micelle Improves Sunscreen Activity, Muhamad Sahlan, Dara Dienayati, Darul Hamdi, Soraya Zahra, Heri Hermansyah, Malyn Chulasiri

Makara Journal of Technology

Propolis, a wax bee glue, have antioxidant activity and effective as broad spectrum UVB and UVA photoprotection sunscreens agent. To improve photoprotection activity in sunscreen cream, the propolis was encapsulated by casein micelle. The Indonesian propolis was extracted by ethanol and separated the wax by freeze precipitation. The extract was encapsulated by casein and reduced their size by ball mill homogenizer with the encapsulation efficiency about 80% and size of particles about 80 nm. The particles was applied in sunscreen cream, evaluate their stabillity and photoprotection activity Sun Protection Factor (SPF) spectrophotometer (Optometric 290s). The results shows that the selected …

Nano-Channels Early Formation Investigation On Stainless Steel 316ti After Immersion In Molten Pb-Bi, Abu Khalid Rivai, Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, Annette Heinzel

Makara Journal of Technology

Development of fuel cladding and structural materials in Pb-Bi environment, especially at high temperature, is a critical issue for the deployment of LFR (Lead alloy-cooled Fast Reactor) and ADS (Accelerator Driven Transmutation System). This is because of the corrosive characteristic of Pb-Bi to metals as constituent materials of fuel cladding and structural of the reactors. Corrosion test of a high-chromium austenitic stainless steel i.e. SS316Ti in molten Pb-Bi at 550 ºC has been carried out for about 300 hours continuously. The characterization using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) showed that an iron oxide as the outer …

Synthesis Of Libob Fine Powder To Increase Solubility, Etty Marti Wigayati, Titik Lestariningsih, Christin Rina Ratri, Ibrahim Purawiardi, Bambang Prihandoko

Makara Journal of Technology

Lithium bis (oxalate) borate or LiBOB compound has captured interest of researchers, because it is potentially viable to be used as electrolyte salt in lithium-ion battery system. This compound is easy to synthesize and considered to be more environmentally friendly compared to conventional electrolyte salt because LiBOB does not contain halogen element. This research focused on the synthesis of LiBOB fine powder, which main purpose is improving LiBOB salt solubility in liquid electrolyte solution. This will aid the ion transfer between electrodes which in turn will increase the electrolyte performance. Solid state reaction was employed in this experiment. Synthesis of …

Influence Of Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) In Cmc-Nh4br Based Polymer Electrolytes: Conductivity And Electrical Study, Nur Khalidah Zainuddin, Ahmad Salihin Samsudin

Makara Journal of Technology

The present work was carried with new type and promising polymer electrolytes system by development of carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) doped NH4Br and plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The sample was successfully prepared via solution casting with no separation phase and good mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of CMC-NH4Br-PEG based PEs system have been measured by the electrical impedance spectroscopy method in the temperature range of 303–373 K. The highest ionic conductivity gained is 2.48 x 10-3 Scm-1 at ambient temperature for sample contain with 8 wt. % PEG. It can be concluded that the plasticized is accountable …

Purification Simulation With Vapor Permeation And Distillation-Adsorption In Bioethanol Plant, Misri Gozan, Mia Sari Setiawan, Kenny Lischer

Makara Journal of Technology

High purity of Bioethanol is required in biofuel mixing with gasoline (EXX). In bioethanol production line, the azeotropic property of ethanol-water becomes the barrier for purification process. This study examined two bioethanol separation processes by support of simulation tools, Superpro Designer 9.0 software. Ethanol purity and a low costeconomical process were the major considerations. Purification method of vapor permeation membrane technology was compared with distillation-adsorption method. Data from previous lab experiments and some literatures were used. The results showed that distillation-adsorption method is more economical compared to vapor permeation technology. Payback period of the simulation is 3.9 years and 4.3 …

Impact-Resistant Behavior Of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns, Chen Fang

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The damage caused by a vehicle collision on a pier column can be catastrophic for the functionality of a bridge, even a total collapse of the bridge. ❖ A vehicle collision and a subsequent vehicle blast cause more damages on the bridge. ❖ Limited researches have been conducted to investigate the behavior of the bridge subjected to the combined effect of vehicle collision and blast. ❖ It is necessary to analyze the responses of the bridge under the vehicle collision and blast and provide some design suggestions to strengthen the bridge.

Conclusions ❖ The finite element models including column, pile …

Optimizing Steel Railway Truss Bridge Health Monitoring, Ahmed Rageh, Daniel Linzell

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Problems - Steel Railway Trusses • Aging • Large system – bridge AND railway • Labor intensive condition eval • Reported conditions: Stringer-to-floor beam connections [Haghani 2012] Stringer flange clip angle cracks [Haghani 2012] Unequal eyebars stress distribution [DelGrego 2008] Displaced eyebar pins [DelGrego 2008

Problems – Condition Evaluation • Visual inspection: Prescribed frequency Costly Subjected to human interpretation • Sensors: Focused on a single bridge Extensive array Costly

Influence Of Skew And Nonlinear Deck On Elastic Versus Inelastic Distribution Behavior And Ultimate Capacity Of Steel Girder Bridges, Fayaz Sofi, Joshua Steelman

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Research Objectives

• Assessment of alternative load distribution methodologies for potential discrepancies that arise when evaluating distribution behavior of skewed steel girder bridges.

• Investigate the influence of skew and material nonlinearities (concrete cracking and steel yielding) on

• Load distribution behavior (elastic versus inelastic).

• System capacities (yielding and ultimate).

Summary and Conclusions • Influence of skew was examined on load distribution behavior, and nonlinear system-based capacities (yielding and ultimate) of composite steel girder bridges in presence of full material nonlinearities. In addition, assessment of two general definitions (beam-line and response fraction approaches) for quantifying load distribution behavior was …

Hyperelastic Structural Fuses For Steel Buildings, Francys López

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Why to upgrade traditional systems?

The FEMA P-58-1 listed some of the limitations in present-generation procedures:

Questions regarding the accuracy and reliability of available analytical procedures in predicting actual building response.

“High” level of conservatism underlying the acceptance criteria.

Inability to reliably and economically apply performance-based procedures to the design of new buildings; and Lack of alternative ways of communicating performance to stakeholders that is more meaningful and useful for decision making purposes.

Performance based design (PBD) emerges as the methodology aiming to bridge this gap, raising the design level performance from life safety (traditional systems) to keep structures fully …