Floatation Of Tunnel In Liquefiable Soil,
2010
University of Cambridge, U. K.
Floatation Of Tunnel In Liquefiable Soil, S. C. Chian, S. P. G. Madabhushi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Underground structures such as tunnels have a lower unit weight than the surrounding soil and are commonly deemed to be susceptible to floatation in liquefiable soil. In the process of floatation, the tunnel has to possess ample buoyancy force to shear and carry the overlying soil upwards. This is aided by soil liquefaction resulting from the increase in water pressure with number of earthquake loading cycles. With onset of liquefaction, effective stress decreases which lead to a reduction in the shear strength of soil, hence assisting the floatation of tunnel. Conversely, the total stress exerted by the overburden soil suppresses …
Ground Motion Study On Dumbarton Toll Bridge,
2010
Earth Mechanics, Inc., Oakland, CA
Ground Motion Study On Dumbarton Toll Bridge, Te-Chih Ke, Hubert Law, Po Lam, Brian Maroney, Saba Mohan, Jason Weinstein
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The existing Dumbarton Toll Bridge was built in 1982, connecting the cities of Newark and East Palo Alto in the San Francisco Bay Area. The initial vulnerability studies conducted by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in 2004 indicated that the performance of the bridge during a maximum credible earthquake was uncertain. Earth Mechanics, Inc. (EMI) has carried out the necessary study for the seismic evaluation of the bridge. An extensive field investigation was undertaken both on-land and over-water at the site to develop the idealized subsurface profile along the bridge alignment. According to the probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard analyses …
Comparison Of Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based On Different Field Tests,
2010
M.M.M. Engineering College, India
Comparison Of Liquefaction Potential Evaluation Based On Different Field Tests, Syed M. Ali Jawaid
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The lowlands of India are vulnerable to possible future large earthquakes. The liquefaction strength is estimated using in-situ tests and the factor of safety against liquefaction by comparing the liquefaction strength with cyclic shear stress ratio developed in the deposit during an earthquake. Standard Penetration test (SPT) and Cone Penetration test(CPT) have been most commonly used in-situ tests for characterization of liquefaction resistance. In this study, liquefaction potential is evaluated based on SPT as well as CPT data obtained from the three different locations situated in alluvial lowlands. A large difference in factor of safety against liquefaction is found based …
Geotechnical And Seismic Risk Evaluation In Urban Areas,
2010
University of Catania, Italy
Geotechnical And Seismic Risk Evaluation In Urban Areas, Piera Paola Capilleri, Michele Maugeri, Erminia Raciti
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Seismic and geotechnical hazard problems are widespread all over the world and they can cause natural disasters, damaging properties or causing human lives losses. Italian municipalities are not yet organised either to deal with the phenomena consequences, or to plan risk mitigation actions. A clear knowledge of the location and of the space and time evolution of the phenomena is needed for a vulnerability mitigation in the probably involved areas. Geo-hazard can be related with the consequences for exposed people and man made work by a microzonation. GIS technologies could play a crucial role in analysing large areas, but a …
Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction At A Tailings Disposal Facility,
2010
Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd., Canada
Ground Improvement By Dynamic Compaction At A Tailings Disposal Facility, Howard D. Plewes, Robert W. Chambers, Rick Friedel, Terence K. Jibiki, Alex Sy
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents two case histories of ground improvement by dynamic compaction (DC) at the Myra Falls mine in Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Dynamic compaction was employed to densify soils at two sites within the operating mine: a waste rock dump beneath a new processing plant to reduce settlements beneath the structure foundations (Site A); and coarse fluvial and colluvial soils at the toe of an existing tailings embankment to improve seismic resistance against liquefaction (Site B). At Site A, the variable plant loadings required variable compaction energy to achieve uniform foundation performance. At Site B, the foundation soils …
Earthquake Induced Excess Pore Water Pressures In The Upper San Fernando Dam During The 1971 San Fernando Earthquake,
2010
Golder Associates Ltd., Canada
Earthquake Induced Excess Pore Water Pressures In The Upper San Fernando Dam During The 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, Abouzar Sadrekarimi, Timothy D. Stark
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The excess pore water pressure developed in the Upper San Fernando Dam during the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake has been evaluated in several studies. Almost all of these studies indicate large excess pore pressure ratios developed only in the upstream and downstream shells which are not consistent with the limited deformation of the dam and the piezometer responses during the earthquake. In this paper, the construction and field observations of the behavior of the Upper San Fernando Dam are reviewed and a simple approach involving Newmark’s (1965) and Makdisi-Seed’s (1978) permanent deformation and limit equilibrium slope stability analyses are used …
Comparison Of Erosional Features By Tsunami And Wind Waves,
2010
National Institute of Technology, India
Comparison Of Erosional Features By Tsunami And Wind Waves, B. K. Pal, M. K. Panda
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The erosion features from tsunami wave and wind wave are different according to the characteristics of the two kinds of waves. The tsunami wave is a shallow water wave, even in Deep Ocean, with very long wavelength and relatively high especially near shore. It does not break when attacking the shore. It composed of run-up and run-down. The waves which can scour the offshore sea bottom and deposit the sediment mostly sand on the coast called storm or tsunami over washes. The erosion features from storm wave are caused by the breaking waves and wind-driven currents. However, the erosion features …
San Diego Seismic Study – Lane Field,
2010
Geocon Incorporated, San Diego, CA
San Diego Seismic Study – Lane Field, Garry W. Cannon, Joseph J. Vettel, Shawn Weedon
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Lane Field Property, located northwest of the intersection of Broadway and Pacific Highway on the San Diego Bay Embarcadero in downtown San Diego, California is slated for development of a 40-story, mixed-use, retail/hotel with two subterranean parking levels. Site conditions posed several challenges during the design and implementation of the geotechnical and geologic fault studies. The 6.2-acre site was reclaimed by dredge fill from San Diego Bay in approximately 1900 by the City of San Diego. Prior to 1900, the bay shoreline coincided approximately with the eastern edge of the property. A baseball park was built at the site …
The Rose Canyon Fault Zone In San Diego,
2010
Earth Consultants International, Santa Ana, CA
The Rose Canyon Fault Zone In San Diego, Thomas Rockwell
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The Rose Canyon fault bisects the City of San Diego, producing much of the unique beauty of the city with the uplift of Mt. Soledad and subsidence producing the natural harbor of San Diego Bay. Geologic studies demonstrate that the late Quaternary slip rate is in the range of 1-2 mm/yr, which although only a fraction of the plate margin slip budget, has the potential to produce major damage in “America’s finest city”. Paleoseismic trenching in La Jolla and downtown San Diego indicate that the most recent surface rupture occurred only a few hundred years ago, sometime after about AD1523 …
Seismic Hazard Evaluation For Design Of San Vicente Dam Raise,
2010
URS Corporation, San Diego, CA
Seismic Hazard Evaluation For Design Of San Vicente Dam Raise, Leo D. Handfelt, Ivan Wong, Patricia Thomas, Timothy Dawson, Jim Zhou, Nicola Kavanagh
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The San Diego County Water Authority (Water Authority) is undertaking a raise of the existing San Vicente Dam to provide both emergency and carryover storage to increase local reservoir supplies in San Diego County, California, USA. The emergency storage is required in case of a disruption to the imported water transmission system from floods or earthquakes and the carry-over storage would be utilized to store water during “wet” seasons to carry-over to seasons of drought. The existing San Vicente Dam is a 220 foot (67 m) high concrete gravity dam completed in 1943 with 90,063 acre-feet of storage. The raised …
Application Of High-Power Electrical Sparks For Dynamic Compaction Of Soil,
2010
Gersevanov Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures, Russia
Application Of High-Power Electrical Sparks For Dynamic Compaction Of Soil, Kh. A. Dzhantimirov, S. A. Rytov, S. A. Kryuchkov
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The paper describes an electrical discharge technology, applied for soil compaction around a borehole, filled with hardening grout, in operations for erection of micropiles, cast piles, soil anchors and soil nails. The technology consists in that 150-250 microsecond long electrical sparks are generated with 6-second period in borehole. The sparks have 30-40 kJ energy, which is roughly of the same order of magnitude as a pile drop hammer. But a single electrical spark has 200-250 MW because of its short duration. Such pulses compact the contact layer of soil and thus increase bearing capacity of piles, anchors or soil nails …
Vibro Replacement And Soil Mixing Ground Improvements At A Shopping Mall Site In San Diego, California, Usa,
2010
Hayward Baker Inc., Santa Paula, CA
Vibro Replacement And Soil Mixing Ground Improvements At A Shopping Mall Site In San Diego, California, Usa, Lisheng Shao, Jack Kinley
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A 230,000 ft2 (21,367 m2) addition was planned for construction at the Plaza Bonita shopping mall in San Diego, CA. The soil profile at the site consisted of fill soils underlain by alluvial deposits followed by San Diego Formation. The saturated loose sand layers were liquefiable and would result in significant settlement under the site design earthquake. In addition, soft clay layers would undergo excessive settlement under heavy building column loads. The geotechnical contractor proposed soil treatment with vibro replacement stone columns to mitigate the site liquefaction and to reduce static settlement under building column loads. Building …
Assessment Of Rock Pressure For Tunnels In The Himalayan Region — A Case History,
2010
Sagar Royal Homes, India
Assessment Of Rock Pressure For Tunnels In The Himalayan Region — A Case History, A. K. Dube
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Since early sixties numerous tunnels had been planned and constructed for hydro-electric power generation in the Himalayan Region of India. The mountain chain is of very recent origin geologically and is believed to be still active tectonically. The geology is complex and tunneling under such circumstances had been a real challenge. It was a tough task to predict the geotechnical behaviour of the tunneling media. Beginning with the classical approach of Terzaghi (1925-46) many rock pressure estimation theories had been evolved for prediction and estimation of rock pressure for designing competent and stable tunnel supports. The author has made an …
Behavior Of Model Piles In A Liquefiable Soil In Shaking Table Tests,
2010
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Behavior Of Model Piles In A Liquefiable Soil In Shaking Table Tests, Chia-Han Chen, Tzou-Shin Ueng
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The responses of model piles in a liquefiable ground under one- and two-dimensional shakings were studied in a physical model test using a large biaxial laminar shear box on the shaking table at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), Taiwan. The model piles were made of stainless steel pipe and aluminum alloy pipe with an outer diameter of 101.6 mm and a wall thickness of 3.0 mm for the study of the soil-pile interactions with two kinds of stiffness of pile. Each model pile was placed in the shear box containing saturated clean fine sand. The pile …
Experimental Investigation Of Plastic Demands On Piles During Lateral Spread-Induced Loads,
2010
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
Experimental Investigation Of Plastic Demands On Piles During Lateral Spread-Induced Loads, Barbara J. Chang, Tara C. Hutchinson
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Past earthquakes have demonstrated that lateral spreading from liquefaction of the soil may cause undesirable movement and potential failure to the below ground portion of a pile foundation. For a multi-layer soil profile, the case of a dense crust layer overlying a liquefiable soil layer may create large localized plastic demands in the piles. To study this behavior and provide detailed data for use in model validation studies, a one-g shaking table experiment was conducted considering a single reinforced concrete pile embedded in a 3-layer soil system. The model pile of 10 inch diameter was tested in a sloped laminar …
Performance Of Solid Waste Soil In Earthquake Of Boroujerd And Silakhor,
2010
Islamic Azad University, Malaysia
Performance Of Solid Waste Soil In Earthquake Of Boroujerd And Silakhor, Hamed Niroumand
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presented survey of solid waste without geosynthetics in Boroujerd and Silakhor earthquake and it’s compared with a case of solid waste with geosynthetics under seismic in earthquake of Boroujerd. The result of performance of solid waste soils during earthquakes is the most real source of information on the seismic reaction of solid waste soils. The information from a big Broujerd and Silakhor earthquakes indicate that the typical performance of soils during earthquake is different. Thus, combined with the fact that limited soil with geosynthetic liners and no more waste soil with a geosynthetic use have been subjected to …
Experimental Study Of The Dynamic Interaction Between The Foundation Of The Nees/Ucsd Shake Table And The Surrounding Soil,
2010
Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
Experimental Study Of The Dynamic Interaction Between The Foundation Of The Nees/Ucsd Shake Table And The Surrounding Soil, Ozgur Ozcelik, J. Enrique Luco, Joel P. Conte, Luis H. Mendoza
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The results of an extensive experimental study of the dynamic interaction between the foundation block for the NEES/UCSD Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table and the surrounding soil are presented. The vibrations induced by the two large NEES/UCLA eccentric mass shakers were recorded at multiple stations within the reinforced concrete foundation block and on the soil up to distances of 270 m from the block. The results obtained for the deformation pattern of the reaction block, the frequency response at selected stations on the block, and the average rigid-body motion of the foundation and its dependence on frequency for longitudinal …
Investigation Of The Coefficient Of Earth Pressure For Improved Ground By Compaction Grouting In The Full-Scale Field Liquefaction Experiment,
2010
Port and Airport Research Institute, Japan
Investigation Of The Coefficient Of Earth Pressure For Improved Ground By Compaction Grouting In The Full-Scale Field Liquefaction Experiment, Hiroshi Nakazawa, Takahiro Sugano, Takashi Shinsaka, Masaki Adachi, Kazuhiro Yamada
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper describes the effect of countermeasures for liquefaction by compaction grouting, which was investigated by the experiment of full-scale field liquefaction by controlled blast technique. The experiment was conducted to assess the performance of airport facilities subjected to liquefaction, to investigate damage mechanism, and to estimate the effect of countermeasures for liquefaction by compaction grouting applied to liquefiable sand layer under runway pavement. In this study, before and after grouting and after artificial liquefaction caused by in-situ blasting, self boring pressure-meter tests at the center and the edge of a grouted area were carried out to investigate the coefficient …
A Practical Approach For Implementing The Probability Of Liquefaction In Performance Based Design,
2010
Tufts University, Medford, MA
A Practical Approach For Implementing The Probability Of Liquefaction In Performance Based Design, Thomas Oommen, Laurie G. Baise
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Empirical Liquefaction Models (ELMs) are the usual approach for predicting the occurrence of soil liquefaction. These ELMs are typically based on in situ index tests, such as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and are broadly classified as deterministic and probabilistic models. The deterministic model provides a “yes/no” response to the question of whether or not a site will liquefy. However, Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) requires an estimate of the probability of liquefaction (PL) which is a quantitative and continuous measure of the severity of liquefaction. Probabilistic models are better suited for PBEE but …
Displacement Ductility Capacity Of Fixed-Head Piles,
2010
National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan
Displacement Ductility Capacity Of Fixed-Head Piles, Jiunn-Shyang Chiou, Cheng-Hsing Chen
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This study performs a parametric study on the displacement ductility capacity of a fixed-head pile. The Winkler-beam model is employed, in which both the soil nonlinearity and pile nonlinearity are adequately considered. In this parametric study, the pile is regarded as a limited ductility structure which conditionally allows the pile deformation to enter the plastic range during loadings. The analysis variables include the axial force, the pile diameter, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and the soil stiffness. The relationships of the displacement ductility capacity of the pile to the curvature ductility capacity and to the over-strength ratio of the pile section …
