Evaluating Liquefaction Resistance Of A Calcareous Sand Using The Cone Penetration Test,
2010
University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Italy
Evaluating Liquefaction Resistance Of A Calcareous Sand Using The Cone Penetration Test, Daniela Porcino, Vincenzo Marcianò
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
An experimental study based on Static Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) performed in Calibration Chamber (CC) and cyclic Simple Shear (SS) tests was undertaken in order to establish a correlation for estimating cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of calcareous sands. CPT’s in CC were carried out on an uncemented calcareous sand, dug out from Brittany in France (Quiou sand) in the context of a previous research. Test results were thus re-analysed by the authors, considering the specific purposes of the paper. SS tests were conducted on specimens reconstituted by water sedimentation method that, according to the authors’ previous studies is capable of …
Ground Motions And Liquefaction Potential,
2010
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, CO
Ground Motions And Liquefaction Potential, Roger L. Torres
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Strong earthquakes have the potential to produce liquefaction of saturated and loose soils or to produce shear strength loss on sensitive clays, which may produce embankment failure with uncontrolled release of the reservoir. Earthfill Dam 101 has been classified as a high risk dam and this study attempts to determine the extent of the risk. It retains a 60,000 acre-feet reservoir with population downstream of the embankment. The analysis of the earthquake through a bracketed accelerogram provides insight into how the embankment will respond to the seismic loading and to the soils properties. In the case study, the peak response …
Examination Of Existing Dmt-Based Liquefaction Evaluation Methods By Side-By-Side Dmt And Cpt Tests,
2010
National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Examination Of Existing Dmt-Based Liquefaction Evaluation Methods By Side-By-Side Dmt And Cpt Tests, Gordon Tung-Chin Kung, Der-Her Lee, Pai-Hsiang Tsai
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This study employed the field measurements of flat dilatometer test (DMT) and cone penetration test (CPT) presented by a recent study (Tsai et al. 2009) and additional DMT and CPT data conducted in this present study to examine the existing DMT-based liquefaction evaluation methods. Specifically, the DMT and CPT were conducted side-by-side at each of six in-situ sites and thus it is feasible to incorporate those test results into validating the existing DMT-based methods such as Grasso and Maugeri (2006), Monaco et al. (2005), and Rena and Chameau (1991). The DMT parameter, horizontal stress index (KD), is used …
Liquefaction Countermeasure Technique By Using Logs For Carbon Storage Against Global Warming,
2010
Fukui National College of Technology, Japan
Liquefaction Countermeasure Technique By Using Logs For Carbon Storage Against Global Warming, Masaho Yoshida, Masakatsu Miyajima, Atsunori Numata
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Global warming is one of the most serious problems which faced by civil engineers in this century. Because a wood can store carbon within itself, the utilization of wood in the construction projects may contribute to the mitigation of global warming. The technique of ground improvement by installing logs into loose sand layer as a countermeasure against soil liquefaction was proposed in this study. The logs had been used as pile foundation until 1950's in Japan. However, as the wood has high possibility of a decrease in strength by decay, the utilization of wood become minority in the construction projects. …
Evaluation Of Gravel Drains Effectiveness Against Liquefaction In Shaking Table Utilizing Energy Method,
2010
University of Urmia, Iran
Evaluation Of Gravel Drains Effectiveness Against Liquefaction In Shaking Table Utilizing Energy Method, Hadi Bahadori, Gholi Asadzadeh
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Liquefaction is one of the major causes of damage to civil engineering structures. The shear strength of sandy soil during strong earthquakes is reduced due to exerted energy that is related to increasing of pore water pressure. The absorbed energy calculated through hysteretic stress-strain loops as compared with the exerted earthquake energy is an alternative method to study the liquefaction susceptibility of saturated sandy soil. There are several numbers of remediation methods which reduce the excess pore water pressure such as gravel drains. In the current study seven precisely performed 1-g shaking table tests are conducted. Synthetic Firouzkooh sand was …
Liquefaction Mitigation Of Three Projects In California,
2010
Farrell Design Build Cos., Inc., Placerville, CA
Liquefaction Mitigation Of Three Projects In California, Tom M. Farrell, Kyle Wallace, John Ho
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Ground displacements resulting from earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and dynamic densification can cause moderate to severe structural damage during and after an earthquake. Geotechnical construction methods of mitigating these potential ground displacements include mass excavation and replacement with engineered fill, ground improvement such as soil mixing, jet grouting, compaction piers, vibro compaction, vibro stone columns, and deep dynamic compaction, or deep foundations such as driven piles. The ground improvement methods rely on altering the soil properties to resist the seismically-induced shear stresses and soil grain redistribution while deep foundation methods bypass liquefiable soil deposits to found in deeper competent soil or …
Liquefaction Mitigation Using Air Injection,
2010
S&ME, Inc., Mount Pleasant, SC
Liquefaction Mitigation Using Air Injection, William M. Camp Iii, Hugh C. Camp, Ronald D. Andrus
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Soils most susceptible to liquefaction are loose, non-plastic and saturated. Because the compressibility of air is orders of magnitude greater than the compressibility of water, un-saturation or partial saturation can significantly increase the liquefaction resistance of a soil deposit. Nakazawa et al. (2004) have shown that cyclic strength in laboratory test specimens can be more than twice as high in partially saturated soil than fully saturated soil. It is hypothesized that sufficient de-saturation to increase the liquefaction resistance can be induced by injecting air or gas into the subsurface. Simple, qualitative shake-table experiments demonstrate the increase in liquefaction resistance as …
Microscale Characterization Of Energy Dissipation Mechanisms During Liquefaction,
2010
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
Microscale Characterization Of Energy Dissipation Mechanisms During Liquefaction, Usama El Shamy, Christina Denissen
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This study utilizes the discrete element method (DEM) to present a microscopic energy monitoring approach to characterize energy dissipation mechanisms in seismically loaded soils. Numerical simulations were conducted on saturated deposits of granular particles subjected to seismic excitations, modeled using a transient fully-coupled continuum-fluid discrete-particle model. The onset of liquefaction is illustrated through macroscopic and microscopic response patterns. An in-depth look at the individual microscale energy components both before and after the onset of liquefaction is presented. Prior to liquefaction, energy is dissipated mainly through inter-particle sliding (friction energy), but after liquefaction particle-to-particle impact damping also plays a major role …
Selection Of Ground Motion Records For Two Dam Sites In Oregon,
2010
Cornforth Consultants, Inc., Portland, OR
Selection Of Ground Motion Records For Two Dam Sites In Oregon, Kenji Yamasaki, Andy Vessely, Chris Carpenter
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Internet-based USGS’s interactive deaggregation of probabilistic seismic hazard was used to identify principal sources of earthquake hazard at two dam sites in western Oregon. The dams are located in the western margin of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States where Cascadia Subduction Zone and shallow gridded crustal earthquakes are dominant sources of earthquake hazard. For each source, the magnitude, distance, and number of standard deviations (ε) were determined to develop target acceleration response spectra using ground motion prediction equations. The selection of ε for the gridded crustal earthquakes was different for the two sites; one site is in …
A Study On The Seismic Response Of Ground And Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Belgaum Region, India,
2010
Bangalore University, India
A Study On The Seismic Response Of Ground And Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Belgaum Region, India, L. Govindaraju, C. A. Madhusudhan, S. S. Quadri
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In the recent years, each unpredictable earthquake (for example Kobe, 1995; Taiwan, 1999; Kocaeli, 1999 and Bhuj, 2001) has revealed its own saga of destruction and failure of engineered structures. Therefore, regional variation in potential earthquake damage should be carefully assessed for better planning towards disaster mitigation. This requires assessment of the seismic ground motion parameters. The present study focus on the seismic response of ground and reinforced concrete buildings in Belgaum region (located in zone III, as per IS 1893–Part1: 2002) in Karnataka state. At present no strong motion records are available in this region and therefore, wavelet-based spectrum …
Effective Stress V/S Total Stress Ground Response Analyses For A Typical Site In Chennai (India),
2010
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
Effective Stress V/S Total Stress Ground Response Analyses For A Typical Site In Chennai (India), R. Uma Maheswari, A. Boominathan, G. R. Dodagoudar
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents the results of ground response analyses carried out for a typical sandy site in Chennai city by equivalent linear and nonlinear total and effective stress approaches. The soil profile at the site consists of 26m thick sandy layer with SPT blow count increases from 16 to above 50 with depth. The shear wave velocity profile measured using field Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) test is found to increase from 170 m/s to 400 m/s at 26m depth. The equivalent linear ground response analysis was carried out using SHAKE2000. The nonlinear total and effective stress analyses were …
Prediction Of Liquefaction Potential For Kolkata Region By Semi-Empirical Method,
2010
Jadavpur University, India
Prediction Of Liquefaction Potential For Kolkata Region By Semi-Empirical Method, P. Bhattacharya, S. P. Mukherjee, Biswajit Das
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The present study was carried out to propose a relationship between shear wave velocity and N-value for the deltaic region of Kolkata. The relationship was derived from shear wave velocity determined from Cross-Hole test and SPT carried out at Rajarhat, Kolkata. The derived relationship was applied to evaluate the liquefaction susceptibility in terns of factor of safety against liquefaction for the subsoil deposits explored at Rajarhat, Kolkata area and the factor of safety obtained from the derived correlations was compared with those determined from Seed & Idriss (1971) and Andrus and Stokoe (2000). The shear wave velocity method (Andrus & …
Parametric Investigation Of Lateral Spreading In Free-Face Ground Formations,
2010
National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Parametric Investigation Of Lateral Spreading In Free-Face Ground Formations, Alexandros Valsamis, George Bouckovalas, Vasiliki Dimitriadi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading can cause extensive damage and even failure to foundations and earthworks resting inside or in the vicinity of the affected ground. The current practice for the evaluation of the ground surface displacement due to lateral spreading, is to rely upon a number of published empirical relations which are based on statistical analysis of field measurements. As an alternative, aimed to overcome a number of objective limitations related to the interpretation of field data, this article employs a numerical investigation to explore the main parameters affecting the anticipated maximum ground surface displacement and to quantify their effect in …
Seismotectonic Contours Of Kashmir-Hazara Region And Seismological Aspects Of October 08, 2005 Earthquake,
2010
WAPDA Directorate of Seismic Studies, Pakistan
Seismotectonic Contours Of Kashmir-Hazara Region And Seismological Aspects Of October 08, 2005 Earthquake, Syed Kazim Mahdi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
During the wee hours of October 08, 2005, a devastating shallow focused (16.2 km) earthquake with moment magnitude of Mw 7.7 occurred in the Pakistan’s Kashmir Hazara Region. Its tremors were felt in a radius of over 1000 km with damages taking place in an area of 36000 sq km. More than 0.1 million people died and the rehabilitation of infrastructures damages are estimated to cost around five billion dollars. The Kashmir Hazara terrain is located on the NW margin of lesser Himalaya. The KHS is one of the bold tectonic scars which physically isolate this terrain from rest of …
Some Seismological Characteristics Of Mw 6.5 Pishin-Ziarat October 29, 2008 Double Earthquake,
2010
WAPDA Directorate of Seismic Studies, Pakistan
Some Seismological Characteristics Of Mw 6.5 Pishin-Ziarat October 29, 2008 Double Earthquake, Syed Kazim Mahdi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
On October 29, 2008 two shallow focused earthquakes of Mw 6.5 struck the Pishin-Ziarat districts of Baluchistan in Pakistan. Both seismic events took place between 12 hours of each other with Intensity X and have been termed as Double Earthquake. The Earthquakes are located approximately 50 km northeast of the region of most intense damage from the Pakistan earthquake of May 30, 1935 (Mw 7.8), which is estimated to have killed 35,000 people. Field observations in the earthquake affected areas were undertaken field observations along previously mapped seismically active Gogai, Bibai and Kawas Tangi faults and study Seismological Characteristics such …
Spt-Based Evaluation Of Soil Liquefaction Risk,
2010
University of Catania, Italy
Spt-Based Evaluation Of Soil Liquefaction Risk, Francesco Castelli, Valentina Lentini
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The city of Catania in Sicily (Italy) been destroyed in the past by the 1169 earthquake with XI MCS intensity, the 1693 earthquake with X MCS intensity and the 1818 earthquake with VIII MCS intensity. The standard approach for the evaluation of the liquefaction susceptibility is based on the estimation of a safety factor between the cyclic shear resistance to liquefaction and the earthquake induced shear stress. The liquefaction potential index has been evaluated in the area of the Catania port, near Saint Giuseppe La Rena, that experienced liquefaction because of the 1693 and 1818 earthquake. The site under study …
Probabilistic Evaluation Of Field Liquefaction Potential Using Relative State Parameter Index (ΞR),
2010
Semnan University, Iran
Probabilistic Evaluation Of Field Liquefaction Potential Using Relative State Parameter Index (ΞR), Yaser Jafarian, Mohammad H. Baziar, Alireza Sadeghi, Rouzbeh Vakili
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
From the earliest studies of soil behavior under cyclic loading, it is found that the cyclic stress required for liquefaction onset is strongly affected by the relative density (Dr ) and initial effective overburden pressure of the soil. In this paper, relative state parameter index (ξR), which accounts for both relative density and effective stress, is used to evaluate the likelihood of liquefaction initiation in field condition. Two comprehensive databases of field case histories based on SPT and CPT are incorporated in the analyses. Logistic regression method is employed to derive a probabilistic expression that yields the …
Effect Of Uplift Modelling On The Seismic Response Of Shallow Foundations,
2010
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Effect Of Uplift Modelling On The Seismic Response Of Shallow Foundations, Liam Wotherspoon, Michael Pender
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper presents the development and response of a numerical model for the representation of uplift and reattachment of shallow foundations using the Ruaumoko non-linear dynamic analysis software. Vertical loads carried by the foundation were used to control the rotational and horizontal characteristics, as the stiffness of all degrees of freedom must reduce as the footing progressively detaches from the underlying soil. This culminates in the representation of total uplift, where the foundation provides no stiffness in any degree of freedom until vertical loads become compressive again. Through extension of the capabilities of Ruaumoko, this response was able to be …
Dynamic Winkler Modulus For Axially Loaded End-Bearing Piles,
2010
University of Patras, Greece
Dynamic Winkler Modulus For Axially Loaded End-Bearing Piles, George M. Anoyatis, George E. Mylonakis
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The problem of dynamic pile-soil interaction and its modeling through the concept of a Dynamic Winkler Foundation are revisited. It is shown that depth-dependent Winkler springs and dashpots, obtained by dividing the complex-valued soil shear tractions and the corresponding displacements along the pile, may faithfully describe pile-soil interaction, contrary to common perception that the Winkler model is always approximate. A theoretical wave model is then derived for analyzing the response of axially loaded endbearing piles embedded in a homogeneous viscoelastic soil medium. Closed-form solutions are obtained for: (i) the displacement field in the soil and along the pile; (ii) the …
Earthquake Input Motions And Seismic Site Response In A Centrifuge Test Examining Sfsi Effects,
2010
University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
Earthquake Input Motions And Seismic Site Response In A Centrifuge Test Examining Sfsi Effects, Henry B. Mason, Jonathan D. Bray, Katherine C. Jones, Zhiqiang Chen, Tara C. Hutchinson, Nicholas W. Trombetta, Benjamin Y. Choy, Bruce L. Kutter, Gregg L. Fiegel, Jack Montgomery, Roshani J. Patel, Robert D. Reitherman, Chandrakanth Bolisetti, Andrew S. Whittaker
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper describes the ground motion selection process and reports observed seismic site response and SFSI effects during a dynamic centrifuge test (Test-1). The centrifuge test is the first in a series of tests examining the effects of SFSI in dense urban environments. The objective of Test-1 is to examine SFSI effects for two structures that are located a significant distance apart and essentially isolated. The model structures represent a three-story building founded on spread footings and a nine-story structure founded on a threestory basement. The structures are sited on a dry, dense bed of Nevada Sand. The centrifuge model …
