Use Of The Observational Method To Verify Design Of Earth Retention Structures,
2013
Soil and Materials Engineers, Inc., Plymouth, MI
Use Of The Observational Method To Verify Design Of Earth Retention Structures, Timothy H. Bedenis, Christopher G. Naida
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Two case histories are presented for earth retention structures where the results of construction monitoring were used to verify key criteria used for the design of the structures. One case history consists of a sheet-pile bulkhead structure for the unloading of bulk aggregate products in Bay City, Michigan. The front wall of the sheet-pile bulkhead was analyzed for heavy surcharge pressures from the adjacent aggregate stockpiles. The sheet-piles are laterally supported by sheet-pile deadman and tierods. Slope indicator tubes were used to monitor lateral movements next to the sheet-piles. The results from the slope indicators were then used to verify …
Using The 1911 Austin Dam Failure Case History In Undergraduate Teaching,
2013
University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, PA
Using The 1911 Austin Dam Failure Case History In Undergraduate Teaching, Andrew T. Rose
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The 1911 sliding failure of Austin Dam in Potter County, Pennsylvania presents an interesting case history combining an engineering failure with ethical, social legal and regulatory issues. The concrete gravity dam, completed in December 1909, was plagued by poor design and construction, influenced greatly by the owner pressuring the designer to keep costs low. Seepage through the foundation, an inadequate shear key, and cracking of the cyclopean concrete, all contributed to the eventual catastrophic failure that destroyed the towns of Austin and Costello, claiming at least 78 lives. As a case history, the failure of Austin Dam has applicability to …
Axial Load Behavior Of A Driven Cast-In-Situ Pile In Sand,
2013
National University of Ireland, Ireland
Axial Load Behavior Of A Driven Cast-In-Situ Pile In Sand, Kevin N. Flynn, Bryan A. Mccabe, Derek Egan
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Driven cast-in-situ (DCIS) piles are a popular choice amongst piling contractors due to the ability to readily adjust pile lengths to suit the depth of penetration required. Despite their widespread use, there is a dearth of published data on the axial load behavior of temporary-cased DCIS piles, particularly in cohesionless soils. This paper reports the results of a static compression load test on a 340 mm nominal diameter, 5.75 m long DCIS pile in a dense sand deposit in Shotton, Wales. The test pile was instrumented with vibrating-wire strain gauges at various levels to determine the shaft and base resistance …
Bridge Foundation Piles In Varved Glaciolacustrine Deposits Exhibiting Very High Soil Setup,
2013
American Consulting Services, Inc., St. Paul, MN
Bridge Foundation Piles In Varved Glaciolacustrine Deposits Exhibiting Very High Soil Setup, Gregory R. Reuter
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A pile-supported bridge was to be constructed at a site in Vadnais Heights, Minnesota, located north of St. Paul, in an area underlain by a significant deposit of glaciolacustrine sand, silt, and clay, which extended to a depth of about 39 m. For the geotechnical analysis, the conventional soil borings were supplemented by performing seismic piezocone (SCPTu) soundings. At the beginning of bridge construction, test piles were driven which experienced unusually easy driving to the termination depths of 38.4 to 40.2 m. High strain dynamic testing was used during pile installation and during restrike. After only a 2-day waiting period, …
Case Study Of The Soil-Structure Interaction Response Of Embedded Structures With Varying Backfill Soil Properties,
2013
Bechtel Power Corporation, Frederick, MD
Case Study Of The Soil-Structure Interaction Response Of Embedded Structures With Varying Backfill Soil Properties, Lisa M. Anderson, Luis M. Moreschi
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) analysis is the study of the dynamic response of a structure as influenced by the interaction with the surrounding soil. The SSI response is sensitive to the characteristics of the soil, structures, and ground motion, as well as the depth of embedment. Availability of soil dynamic properties is, therefore, of paramount importance for performing such SSI analysis. However, detailed soil information and associated engineering properties may not always be available at the beginning of a project. Therefore, the analyst may rely on simplified yet conservative methodologies to estimate the dynamic response of the coupled soilstructure system to …
Design And Performance Of Shallow Foundations Over Diagenetic Limestone Along The Arab Gulf Coast: Realities And Challenges,
2013
Geotechnical Engineering, Ames, IA
Design And Performance Of Shallow Foundations Over Diagenetic Limestone Along The Arab Gulf Coast: Realities And Challenges, Waddah Akili
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The near surface, highly weathered limestones of the southern shores of the Arab Gulf region have complex lithologies attributable to post depositional changes that have altered hard rocks into soils and some carbonate soils into a rock matrix. The matrix, often clayey, sometimes cemented (with gypsum, anhydrite, and /or calcite grains) is not a rock nor could be considered as a soil per se. These deposits are: difficult to sample in the undisturbed state, extremely variable in composition and properties, and are susceptible to degradation, particularly when wet. The paper presents typical geotechnical information from selected sites where these deposits …
Evaluation Of Treatment Methods Used For Construction On Expansive Soils In Egypt,
2013
Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Egypt
Evaluation Of Treatment Methods Used For Construction On Expansive Soils In Egypt, Ahmed T. M. Farid, Ihab A. Hamid
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The soil formation in this arid area is sometimes an expansive problematic soil. Due to the lake of the construction experience on this problematic soil, many defects are appeared in the new buildings established in these arid areas. In this paper, a focusing on the treatment method using soil replacement for expansive soil formation. In the other hand, some case studies were illustrated to show the different types of problems appeared due to the different construction methods used. Finally, a conclusion about how to overcome these defects happened due to this treatment method for this problematic soil is mentioned. Some …
Geotechnical Issues Associated With The Design And Construction Of The Middle River Bridge,
2013
GAEA Engineering Ltd., Canada
Geotechnical Issues Associated With The Design And Construction Of The Middle River Bridge, Vishnu Diyaljee
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The existing short single span, single lane, concrete bridge constructed in 1930 across the Middle River in the Town of Mc Kellar, Ontario required replacement as a result of age and sub-standard approach roadway geometrics. In 1986, a geotechnical investigation was undertaken to upgrade the existing bridge. This investigation was undertaken primarily within the river since the new bridge structure was contemplated on an alignment with improved geometrics. The proposed structure was designed but was never constructed. In 2009, the need for a new structure was revived with the idea of placing it on the existing alignment with minor alignment …
Geotechnical Site Assessment By Seismic Piezocone Test In North Of Denmark,
2013
Aalborg University, Denmark
Geotechnical Site Assessment By Seismic Piezocone Test In North Of Denmark, Sarah Firouzianbandpey, Benjaminn Nordahl Nielsenl, Lars Vabbersgaard Andersen, Lars Bo Ibsen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
These days cone penetration tests (CPT) have gained more popularity as an alternative to the conventional laboratory tests for subsurface investigation and estimation of soil parameters. Due to increasing interest in soil dynamics in the last decades, there is a development of CPT as a seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTU) which provides shear wave velocity measurements simultaneously with measurements of tip resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs) and pore pressure (u). The results can be used for determination of deformation parameters of soil. In this regard there have been proposed different empirical correlations between cone data and …
Historical Application Of Screw-Piles And Screw-Cylinder Foundations For 19th Century Ocean Piers,
2013
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
Historical Application Of Screw-Piles And Screw-Cylinder Foundations For 19th Century Ocean Piers, Alan J. Lutenegger
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Iron Screw-Pile foundations were first introduced by Alexander Mitchell in the middle of the 19th Century for support of offshore lighthouses in shallow water ocean environments. Large diameter Screw-Piles with helical blades ranging from 2.5 ft. to 4 ft. in diameter were routinely used during this period and were constructed with either a solid iron central shaft (Screw-Pile) or a large diameter hollow cylindrical pipe shaft (Screw-Cylinder). Soon after their introduction, Screw-Piles and Screw-Cylinders were being used in pier construction, to allow ocean front piers to be constructed quickly and economically in many parts of the world, while at the …
Performance Of Driven Piles In Gravelly Sands With Cobbles,
2013
Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, Alhambra, CA
Performance Of Driven Piles In Gravelly Sands With Cobbles, William S. Man, Yonah R. Halpern
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Steel piles are known for their high resistance to driving and handling, as well as their large lateral stiffness. Difficulty of driving depends on the subsurface conditions, pile type, and type of impact hammer used to drive piles. This case history presents observations of pile construction for a bridge widening retrofit in the city of Irwindale. The proposed foundations consisted of twenty seven 14-inch-diameter Caltrans Standard Plan B2-5 Alternative V closed-end pipe piles with quarter-inch thick steel sections. Piles were 35 feet in length and were designed to be driven piles. Subsurface investigations indicated the soils consisted of silty gravels …
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study,
2013
MANIT, Bhopal, India
Repair Of Sunken Floor By Integrated Approach: A Case Study, P. K. Jain, Rakesh Kumar
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The floors and non load bearing walls of a house, having expansive black cotton soil underneath, have been repaired by two methods. A part of the damaged house floors and walls were repaired by the conventional method i.e. removing the expansive soil completely and replacing with non expansive granular material. The remaining part was repaired by integrated approach as described later by Jain and Mewade (2010). The Jain and Mewade (2010) approach consists of removing the expansive soil underneath the damaged floor by about 0.5m, making 50mm diameter, 1m deep holes at 0.75m centre to centre and filling lime slurry …
Rotary Driven Pipe Piles For A 14-Story Building In New York City,
2013
Magnum Geo-Solutions, LLC, Fort Collins, CO
Rotary Driven Pipe Piles For A 14-Story Building In New York City, Howard A. Perko, Michael Paquette, Marc Gallagher, Andrew Burns
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Rotary driven pipe piles are a unique solution for foundation construction in constrained urban areas. These piles consist of a closedend, steel casing with sacrificial drill tip. The casing and drill tip are rotated into the ground using a fixed-mast drill rig. Three hundred sixty two 12.75-inch diameter, rotary driven pipe piles were installed to support a 14-story building in the upper east side of Manhattan. The soils consisted of uncontrolled fill, organic silts, and peat over stiff, saturated, varved silts and clays. A novel mathematical relationship between capacity, installation crowd, and torque was used to develop initial pile installation …
Seismic Retrofit Of 92/280 I/C Foundations By Micropile Groups In San Francisco Bay Area, California,
2013
Caltrans, Geotechnical Services, Design West, Oakland, CA
Seismic Retrofit Of 92/280 I/C Foundations By Micropile Groups In San Francisco Bay Area, California, Mahmood Momenzadeh, Tung Nguyen, Phil Lutz, Tim Pokrywka, Chris Risen
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The Route 92/280 interchange (I/C) connectors are the latest major bridge structures to be retrofitted in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. The presence of poor quality rocks and high groundwater due to the proximity of the San Andreas Fault at this site combined with low overhead of the connectors superstructure at some of the existing bents led to the use of micropile foundation system instead of a conventional Cast in Drill Hole (CIDH) pile system. The existing CIDH foundations were retrofitted at 5 bents by micropile group with very heavy column steel reinforcement additions and 11 bent …
Seismic Hazard And Geophysical Investigations For Architectural Heritage Preservation In Egypt: The Case Of Habib Sakakini Palace,
2013
Cairo University, Egypt
Seismic Hazard And Geophysical Investigations For Architectural Heritage Preservation In Egypt: The Case Of Habib Sakakini Palace, Sayed Hemeda, Mohamed Gamal, Kyriazis Pitilakis
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The modern architectural heritage of Egypt is rich, and extensively variable. It covers all kinds of monumental structures from palaces, public buildings, residential and industrial buildings, to bridges, springs, gardens and any other modern structure, which falls within the definition of a monument and belongs to the Egyptian cultural heritage. We present herein a comprhensive geophysical survey and seismic hazard assesment for the rehabilitation and strengthening of Habib Sakakini’s Palace in Cairo, which is considered one of the most significant architectural heritage sites in Egypt. The palace located on an ancient water pond at the eastern side of Egyptian gulf …
Soil Movements Due To Displacement Pile Driving,
2013
University of Durham, United Kingdom
Soil Movements Due To Displacement Pile Driving, M. K. Chong
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
The effects of displacement piling are well documented with many cases of movements caused to adjacent structures and detrimental effects on recently installed piles. The author’s experience with dealing with ground displacements of raft piling in deep marine clays in Singapore led to the development of a method for calculating the ground movements to assess the cumulative effects of pile driving. The method is derived from soil mechanics parameters, principle of potential energy, strain energy and work done by the stresses in the soil undergoing a cylindrical cavity expansion process and the stresses in the soil undergoing large strains direct …
Underpinning Using Micropiles For Fragile Building Adjacent To Deep Excavation In Manhattan, New York,
2013
Arup, New York, NY
Underpinning Using Micropiles For Fragile Building Adjacent To Deep Excavation In Manhattan, New York, Chu Ho, Adrian Pena-Iguaran
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
A deep excavation was to be carried out adjacent to a fragile building in weak ground. An underpinning scheme utilizing 250kips capacity micropiles socketed into the bedrock was designed to provide stability to the building during the excavation. In adopting the micropile system, the interior of the basement had to be retrofitted with a new reinforced concrete structural system of walls, slabs and beams to provide rigid framing for transfer of loads between the existing structural walls and the new micropiles. The micropiles were installed from inside the basement of the adjacent building under low headroom conditions. A preliminary load …
Calculation Of Natural Frequency Of Earth Dams By Means Of Analytical Solution,
2013
Kharazmi University, Iran
Calculation Of Natural Frequency Of Earth Dams By Means Of Analytical Solution, Maryam Mahdizadeh, Ali Ghanbari
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Earth dams are 3-Dimensional, huge and inhomogeneous structures that interact with water and soil. They are the most common type of dams used in the world and developing countries like Iran. Seismic analysis of earth dam is very important in regions which have been subjected with earthquake impaction several times. Calculating the natural frequency of dams is the essential part for its seismic behavior analysis. So it is very important to present an appropriate solution for calculation of natural frequency. Natural frequency of earth dams is usually calculated by means of experimental correlations, shear beam analysis (base on the height …
Accumulation Of Rainfall In The Permeable Fill Behind A Soil Nail Wall,
2013
Sharif University of Technology, Iran
Accumulation Of Rainfall In The Permeable Fill Behind A Soil Nail Wall, S. Mohsen Haeri, Mohammadhasan Sasar, Kioumars Afshari
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
TOOBA deep excavation project was conducted in a densely developed area in the North West of Tehran, capital of Iran, to provide space for 4 basement levels for multiple buildings around the already functional TOOBA tower. Besides excavating on 3 sides of TOOBA tower, this project involved excavation to the depths varying from 9 to 28 meters depending on the sloping ground condition. A 5 story school building and a 2 story residential building abut the excavation boundary. Previous experience of constructed soil nail walls in cemented soils of Tehran indicated relatively small wall deformations. Therefore, except for the retaining …
Case Histories Of Failure Of Deep Excavation. Examination Of Where Things Went Wrong: Nicoll Highway Collapse, Singapore,
2013
AECOM, Hong Kong, China
Case Histories Of Failure Of Deep Excavation. Examination Of Where Things Went Wrong: Nicoll Highway Collapse, Singapore, John Endicott
International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
During the construction of Contract C824 of the Circle Line in Singapore, on 20th April 2004 an 80 m long section of excavation, 30 m deep, totally collapsed. The resulting crater was as deep as 15 metres and was more than 100 m in diameter. Six lanes of the adjacent Nicoll Highway subsided by as much as 13 m. Four construction workers were killed. Fortunately no vehicle was involved. A Committee of Inquiry was established and held hearings from August 2004 until March 2005. The findings of the Committee were published in May 2005. These identified the causes of the …
