Co-Disposal Of Dry Fgd By-Product With Coal Gasification Ash And Inorganic Brines,
2011
SASOL Technology (Pty) Ltd, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, P/Bag x 1034, Secunda, South Africa, 2302
Co-Disposal Of Dry Fgd By-Product With Coal Gasification Ash And Inorganic Brines, Jabulani S. Mahlaba, P.C. Pretorius, Subal Maharajh, M.P. Augustyn
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
There is a growing pressure from the environmental authorities and public bodies to reduce anthropogenic pollution. Stringent environmental legislation is being implemented for industries around the world, even more so for coal consuming industries. Control of gaseous emissions is one of the areas that are receiving considerable attention towards sustainable development. Coal combustion in coal-fired power utilities emits SO~x~ to the atmosphere. Dry flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) is a well known technology often used to mitigate sulphur emissions in coal-fired power utilities. It traditionally uses lime to neutralise SO~x~, and forms a mixture of anhydrite (CaSO~4~), and calcium sulphite (CaSO~3~). …
A Multi-Analytical Approach To Understand The Chemistry Of Fe-Minerals In Feed Coals And Ashes,
2011
Development Department of Touristic Opportunities, Catarinense Institute of Environmental Research and Human Development– IPADHC, Capivari de Baixo, Santa Catarina, Brazil
A Multi-Analytical Approach To Understand The Chemistry Of Fe-Minerals In Feed Coals And Ashes, Marcos L.S. Oliveira, Frans Waanders, Luis F.O. Silva, Andre Jasper, Carlos H. Sampaio, Dursman Mchabe, Rachel S. Hatch, James C. Hower
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
Seven feed coals used in the Brazilian power generation industry were obtained and subsequently analysed together with fly ash and bottom ash from a major Brazilian power plant. The samples were investigated by means of room temperature FeMo¨ssbauer analyses, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and petrographic analysis. In addition, nanometer-sized crystalline phases in coals and ashes were characterised using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The major identified Fe-bearing minerals in the coals were found to be actinolite, ankerite, chalcopyrite, chlorite, goethite, illite, ilmenite, magnesioferrite, natrojarosite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and siderite; whilst in the fly …
Compositional Variations In Pilot Gasifier And Laboratory-Produced Slags And Their Impacts On Slag Viscosity And Coal Assessment,
2011
CSIRO Energy Technology, PO Box 883, Kenmore QLD 4069 Australia
Compositional Variations In Pilot Gasifier And Laboratory-Produced Slags And Their Impacts On Slag Viscosity And Coal Assessment, Alexander Ilyushechkin, Daniel Roberts, David Harris
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
The flow behaviour of coal mineral matter at high temperatures is an important parameter for coal use in entrained-flow gasification technologies. Recently, gasification performance data was obtained from a series of pilot-scale gasification tests on a suite of well-characterised Australian black coals. Evaluation of the results of the pilot tests and the detailed laboratory investigations provided the opportunity for evaluation of the practical applicability of different laboratory and modelling techniques for coal assessment in terms of mineral matter behaviour in entrained flow gasification. A series of viscosity measurements was made over the range 1200–1600uC using slags produced in a pilot …
Compaction Of High-Ca Fly Ash-Al- And Al-Alloy-Composites: Evaluation Of Their Microstructure And Tribological Performance,
2011
Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, GR-157 80, Athens, Greece, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute for Solid Fuels Technology and Applications, 357-359 Mesogeion Avenue, GR-152 31, Halandri, Athens, Greece
Compaction Of High-Ca Fly Ash-Al- And Al-Alloy-Composites: Evaluation Of Their Microstructure And Tribological Performance, Grigorios Itskos, Angeliki Moutsatsou, Pradeep K. Rohatgi, Nikolaos Koukouzas, Charalampos Vasilatos, Eleni Katsika
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
In this study, highly calcareous and siliceous fly ash particles were utilized for the fabrication of Al- and Al-alloy-based MetalMatrix Composites (MMCs) by means of powder metallurgy. After compacting and sintering Al and Al/Si powders containing 10, 15, and 20wt. % ash particles, the homogenous (and with minimal amount of voids) microstructure of the produced composites was verified by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The composites were tested for their dry sliding wear behavior using a pin-on-disc machine against spheres of alumina. The worn surfaces of composites were then examined by using SEM and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). …
Influence Of Chemical Reagents On Rheological Properties Of Fly Ash-Water Slurry At Varying Temperature Environment,
2011
Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
Influence Of Chemical Reagents On Rheological Properties Of Fly Ash-Water Slurry At Varying Temperature Environment, H.K. Nail, M.K. Mishra, Karanam U.M. Rao
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
About 70% of total electrical energy is generated from thermal power plants in India which in turn release about 160 Mt of fly ash as solid waste annually. Transportation and disposal of such a huge amount of fly ash is a major problem faced by the power plants. Presently fly ash is transported as lean slurry in pipe lines requiring about 80 to 85% of water with high energy input. A major impediment in high volume transportation of fly ash is its high specific gravity as compared to that of water. The objective of the present study was to evaluate …
Impact Of Manufactured Coal Ash Aggregates On Water Quality During Open Pit Restoration: 1. A Statistical Screening Test,
2011
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681
Impact Of Manufactured Coal Ash Aggregates On Water Quality During Open Pit Restoration: 1. A Statistical Screening Test, Sangchul Hwang, Isomar Latorre
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
Utilization of manufactured coal ash aggregates (MAs) as a subsoil substitute during restoration of an open pit was assessed in a three-factor, two-level factorial analysis. The factors of interest were the MA application rate (2:1 or 1:2 topsoil/MA volume ratio), rainfall intensity (high or low), and aggregate size (2.36–4.75 mm or 4.75–9.53 mm). Among the water quality parameters examined (pH, turbidity, heavy metal content (lead and cadmium), conductivity, and hardness), the last two parameters were significantly higher (p,0.05) in soil amended with MAs than in a control reactor using sand. A low rainfall intensity and larger aggregate size resulted in …
The Leachability Of Major Elements At Different Stages Of Weathering In Dry Disposed Coal Fly Ash,
2011
Fossil Fuel and Environmental Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth Sciences; University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
The Leachability Of Major Elements At Different Stages Of Weathering In Dry Disposed Coal Fly Ash, S.A. Akinyemi, A. Akinlua, W.M. Gitari, R.O. Akinyeye, L.F. Petrik
Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive
Large quantities of solid residue are generated by coal-fired power stations in many parts of the World. The disposal and management of the unused fly ash remains a major problem to the environment. The weathered dry disposed ash cores comprise of major element constituents such as Al, Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Na+ and K+. The mobility patterns and mineralogical associations of major elements in weathered dry disposed ash dumps aged 1-year-old, 8-year-old and 20-year-old from a coalfired power station in South Africa were investigated using a modified sequential extraction scheme. The extraction sequence was as follows: (1) water soluble, …
The Impact Of Driving Conditions On Phev Battery Performance,
2011
Western Michigan University
The Impact Of Driving Conditions On Phev Battery Performance, Nathan Christensen, John Patten, Steven Srivastava, Gary P. Nola
Green Manufacturing Research Journal
The battery performance of a modified Prius with a 5 kWh plug-in battery was documented for a year to determine the impact of environmental conditions and user attributes on vehicle performance. Both fuel economy and pure electrical efficiency were compared to ambient temperature. The fuel economy has a positive relationship with ambient temperature until approximately 70˚F where the efficiency begins to drop. Electrical performance has a positive linear relationship with ambient temperature. With the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and PHEVs from a variety of automotive manufacturers, information on EV and PHEV performance for consumers will become more important.
A Framework For Strategic Sustainable Supply Chain Design,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
A Framework For Strategic Sustainable Supply Chain Design, Abril Paola Vazquez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Sustainable supply chain management has raised interest considerably in recent years; due to environmental concerns from society as well industries. There is a high interest in the industries to solve this problem but many of the frameworks are directed to specific situation or structure. A strategic sustainable supply chain design framework is presented with the purpose of providing many companies, including small and big industries, the means to maintain an eco-friendly operation. These include; industry plants, distribution centers, and retailers.
Analysis Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Perspective Of Trans-Boundary Waterborne Pollution,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Analysis Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds In Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Perspective Of Trans-Boundary Waterborne Pollution, Roberto De La Torre
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Recent decades have brought an increasing concern of potential adverse human and ecological health effects resulting from Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs). In particular from new emerging compounds such as natural estrogens (e.g., 17©¬-estradiol, estrone), synthetic estrogens (e.g., 17Â¥á-ethynylestradiol), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOS), and nonylphenol (NP). These chemicals which are also known as organic wastewater contaminants are released directly to the environment after passing through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which often are not designed to remove them from the effluent. The occurrence of the aforementioned compounds in surface water is becoming of increasing concern worldwide, and has led to …
Asphaltene As Light Harvesting Material In Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Asphaltene As Light Harvesting Material In Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Rajab Emhemed Abujnah
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This Dissertation characterizes the first asphaltene DSSC (dye-sensitized solar cell), in which light to electricity conversion efficiency has improved from 0 % to 1.8 %. Four natural organic asphaltene factions, namely, un-fractionated asphaltene, Fr. 1 Asphaltene, Fr.2 asphaltene, Fr.3 and Fr.4 were extracted and tested for various solar cell parameters of TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cell DSSC. DSSCs were fabricated using the four individual asphaltene dyes. The photovoltaic performance of the cells was examined by determining the various parameters such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and series resistance. The overall energy conversion efficiency was also measured to correlate …
Analysis Of Indoor And Outdoor Particulate Matter At Various Residences In The El Paso Region,
2011
University of Texas at El Paso
Analysis Of Indoor And Outdoor Particulate Matter At Various Residences In The El Paso Region, Joseph Christopher Pinon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This thesis is a presentation of particulate matter data collected from February 2007 to June 2008. Personal environment monitors (PEM), which measured 7-day PM2.5 concentrations, had been deployed at 14 homes during the 2007 year and deployed in 16 different homes during the 2008 sampling year. Within each sampling year, sampling occurred for two one-week (7-day) periods during each season. In addition to PEM sampling, a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) continuous sampler had been deployed in both indoors and outdoors at one pre-selected household per week. Gravimetric, chemical, and black carbon analysis had been performed on the PEM PM2.5 …
A 2009 Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Of The University Of Central Florida,
2011
University of Central Florida
A 2009 Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Of The University Of Central Florida, Johanna Marie Clifford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports on the results of a mobile source emissions inventory for the University of Central Florida (UCF). For a large urban university, the majority of volatile organic compounds (VOC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from onroad sources: personal vehicles and campus shuttles carrying students, faculty, staff, and administrators to and from the university, as well as university business trips. In addition to emissions from daily commutes, non-road equipment such as lawnmowers, leaf blowers, small maintenance vehicles, and other such equipment utilized on campus contributes to a significant portion to the total emissions from …
The Optimum Energy Crop In Ireland For Biofuel,
2011
Department of Civil, Structural, & Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
The Optimum Energy Crop In Ireland For Biofuel, Eoin Deasy
Theses
The motivation for this research stems from the potential of biofuels to assist Ireland in meeting obligations outlined in the 'Renewable Energy Source Directive' (2009/28/EC) and to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. The purpose of this work is to establish the merits of biofuel production Ireland ,with a keen focus on the technical, economic and environmental aspects of each. The three biofuel options investigated are biodiesel, bioethanol and biomethane. Eight crop varieties were investigated, these include; wheat, oats, barley, OSR, maize silage, sugar beet, grass silage and potatoes. The approach taken within this thesis was to perform a life cycle …
Geotechnical, Environmental And Regulatory Aspects Of Brownfield Development,
2011
Department of Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
Geotechnical, Environmental And Regulatory Aspects Of Brownfield Development, Martin Casey
Theses
Brownfield sites are a common feature of the urban landscape, have significant development potential and when remediated are the catalysts for urban regeneration. However, site specific information regarding geotechnical and environmental aspects of the site, including regulatory issues are needed in terms of bringing the land back into beneficial use. This research project discusses current Irish practice and regulation in respect of brownfield development. A comparison is made between Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the European Union in this regard. A review of all available literature indicates a number of shortcomings in respect of the geotechnical, environmental and regulatory aspects …
Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City,
2011
Department of Technology and Society
Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson
Technology & Society Faculty Publications
Henry Hudson first sailed toNew Yorkharbor 400 years ago. Since then,New York Cityhas both affected and been affected by water quality in greaterNew YorkHarbor. In this paper, we focus on sewers, sewerage, and sewage treatment inManhattanand their effects on theHudson River. It is clear that feedbacks among drinking water quality and quantity, population, public perceptions, regulations, and estuarine water quality exist, although their strength and character have varied over time. Early land uses damaged local water supplies found on ManhattanIsland. New Yorkthen began to exploit the large fresh water resources available to its north, which helped the City to expand …
The Carbon Footprint Associated With Water Management Policy Options In The Las Vegas Valley, Nevada,
2011
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Carbon Footprint Associated With Water Management Policy Options In The Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, Eleeja Shrestha, Sajjad Ahmad, Walter Johnson, Jacimaria R. Batista
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research
A system dynamics model was developed to estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with conveyance of water from the water source to the distribution laterals of the Las Vegas Valley. In addition, the impact of several water management policies, including water conservation, reuse, and population growth rate change was evaluated. The results show that, at present, nearly 0.53 million metric tons of CO2 emissions per year are released due to energy use for water conveyance in distribution laterals of the Valley from Lake Mead, located 32.2 km (20 miles) southeast of the Las Vegas at an …
Hydraulic Conductivity Of Model Soil-Bentonite Backfills Subjected To Wet-Dry Cycling,
2011
Bucknell University
Hydraulic Conductivity Of Model Soil-Bentonite Backfills Subjected To Wet-Dry Cycling, Michael A. Malusis, Jeffrey C. Evans, Seungchoel Yeom
Faculty Journal Articles
The potential for changes in hydraulic conductivity, k, of two model soil-bentonite (SB) backfills subjected to wet-dry cycling was investigated. The backfills were prepared with the same base soil (clean, fine sand) but different bentonite contents (2.7 and 5.6 dry wt %). Saturation (S), volume change, and k of consolidated backfill specimens (effective stress = 24 kPa) were evaluated over three to seven cycles in which the matric suction, Ym, in the drying stage ranged from 50 to 700 kPa. Both backfills exhibited susceptibility to degradation in k caused by wet-dry cycling. Mean values of …
Optimal Loop Placement And Models For Length-Based Vehicle Classification And Stop-And-Go Traffic,
2011
University of Cincinnati
Optimal Loop Placement And Models For Length-Based Vehicle Classification And Stop-And-Go Traffic, Heng Wei, Qingyi Ai, Deogratias Eustace, Ping Yi
Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications
Inductive loops are widely used nationwide for traffic monitoring as a data source for a variety of needs in generating traffic information for operation and planning analysis, validations of travel demand models, freight studies, pavement design, and even emission impact analysis of traffic operation. The loop data have also been used for vehicle length-based classification in many states including Ohio. The dual-loop detector consists of two single loop detectors which are placed apart at a fixed short distance, and this configuration enables the dual-loop detector data a potential real-time data source for speed and vehicle classifications. However, the existing dual-loop …
Innovative Pollutant Load Monitoring,
2011
University of Central Florida
Innovative Pollutant Load Monitoring, Eric Gurr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Modern streamflow measuring equipment, water quality sampling techniques and a better understanding of pollutant washoff are continuously being developed as today's society is in critical need of improving water management, minimizing developmental impacts and preventing environmental hazards. In particular, the study of the spatial, temporal and volumetric characteristics of annual pollutant loading caused by variations in precipitation, land use and other anthropogenic factors is of great significance due to their relation to future global water demands. The research presented here falls in three parts. In the first part of the dissertation, an acoustical Doppler velocity profiler installed in a submerged …
