Civil Engineering Commons^™

The Use Of Locally Available Materials Towards Urban Planning For Sustainable Construction: The Case Of Gondar-Ethiopia, Kidist Dereje

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The city of Gondar in northern Ethiopia has a rich history that is connected to urban planning and construction. From the era of the Fasiledes that built masonry castles, Italian colonialism that zoned the city on racial boundaries and the post-colonial planning that wanted a more global standard, Gondar has been subjected to different planning and construction methods. This evolution however, has brought about challenges related to the sustainability of the construction industry and the communities within the city. This paper analyses the relationship between urban planning and use of local construction materials to attain sustainable development of the city. …

Relationship Between Historic Evolution, Urbanization And Mobility In Ibadan, Nigeria, Aisha Adams

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Ibadan is said to be the biggest indigenous city in Nigeria with a population of about 4.04 million, making it the third largest city in the country after Lagos and Kano. Since its founding in 1829, Ibadan has experienced urban evolution that is mostly unguided. With its high fertility rate, population growth and rural-to-urban migration, Ibadan has experienced significant urban sprawl that has resulted in challenges in urban mobility especially to the lower-income earners. This study looks at the relationship between urban planning, urbanization and mobility in the city of Ibadan. The study found that lack of integrated land use …

The Influence Of Planning And Architectural Styles On The Sustainability Of The City Of Kumasi, Ghana, Elom Ayeke

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The city of Kumasi that was once dubbed the ‘Garden City of West Africa’ was founded in the late 17th century and served as the seat of government for the medieval Greater Asante Union. It later served as a commercial hub for the British Colony after undergoing massive transformation in the first two decades of the 19th century. Post-independence, the city went through various urban planning projects that mostly targeted social development. The architecture of Kumasi has also been changing through different periods of its history. This article examines the relationship between the evolution of the city of Kumasi through …

Urbanization And Urban Sprawl In The Post-Colonial Era Douala City, Cameroon, Sylvia Munisi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The history of the port city of Douala spans pre-colonial period, colonial period of the Germans and French occupation, the post-colonial era and the contemporary situation with continuous occupancy of the coastal environment. This article looks at the relationship between the history of the city of Douala to the resulting urban situation focusing on governance structure as well as rapid urbanization. The findings show that governance structure allowing for a duality of modern political system and traditional cultural system of kingships and chiefdoms has an effect to the resulting urban sprawl. Moreover, rapid urbanization under this condition has an overall …

Transport Mobility Analysis For Informal Settlements In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Fatma Kassim Mohamed

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Dar es Salaam is one of the world’s fastest growing cities and is expected to be the third largest by 2100 with a population of 76 million. Dar es Salaam city is made of multiple neighbourhoods that are very diverse in terms of socio-economic status, gender, age and prevalent activities. One of the biggest challenges facing the city of Dar es Salaam is urban sprawl due to informal settlements that in turn leads to very long travel time and hinders equal mobility and accessibility of labour and goods. This study found that the current mobility vision for Dar es Salaam …

Design Of End Bent Piles For Downdrag, Tanna Frye

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Embankments are commonly used for bridge approaches, with mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls being the preferred choice in Florida. However, the construction of embankments leads to the settlement of the underlying soil, regardless of soil type. When piles are driven before embankment construction, the initial settlement of the original soil creates relative movement between the pile and the surrounding soil, introducing frictional forces. When the existing soils move downward relative to the pile, a downward-oriented side shear known as downdrag is introduced. While downdrag is addressed in current codes and textbooks, it is often only briefly mentioned and primarily in …

Advancing Data-Driven Disaster Debris Characterization And Quantification, Jasmine Bekkaye

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Natural hazards generate tremendous amounts of debris that negatively impact communities and overwhelm waste management infrastructure. The challenge in disaster debris planning and management stems from inconsistent and scarce post-disaster debris quantity data due to the chaotic nature of recovery operations. This leads to a limited understanding of key factors influencing disaster debris generation across hazards and regions, hindering the accuracy and efficiency of modeling. With the increasing availability of comprehensive post-disaster waste datasets, the capacity to understand debris generation is expanding. This dissertation aims to fill knowledge gaps on disaster debris generation as follows: (1) investigate existing technologies for …

Influence Of Concrete Jacketing On The Performance Of Steel Columns Under Blast Induced Progressive Collapse, Hanan Eltobgy Prof., Mohamed Saeed Refaey Dr., Mohamed Ahmed Aboshok Dr., Ahmed Emadel-Din Abdel-Aal Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

This study investigates the influence of concrete jacketing on the performance of steel columns subjected to blast loading, which can lead to progressive collapse. Using Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations, the research evaluates concrete-encased steel columns with different concrete cover thicknesses to measure their resistance to lateral displacements induced by blasts. Findings reveal that increasing the thickness of the concrete cover markedly improves the column's ability to withstand such loads. The study also highlights that steel has better energy dissipation properties than concrete. It examines how the combined challenges of progressive collapse and blast loading influence the overall structural response …

Numerical Study On Enhancing The Geotechnical Behavior Of Strip Footings On Oil-Contaminated Sand Using Stone Columns, Ahmad Nasr, Waseim Azzam, Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelrehem

Journal of Engineering Research

Ground improvement techniques are frequently employed in construction sites characterized by weak soil conditions that may result in suboptimal performance. The use of ordinary and encased stone columns aims to enhance endurance, shear strength, and soil hardness, thereby mitigating settlement issues and expediting the consolidation of contaminated sand soils. In this research, a comprehensive investigation involving 74 cases was conducted to assess the behavior of both ordinary stone columns and encased stone columns under strip footing in contaminated sand subgrade. The objective was to discern the impact and characteristics of encapsulation in comparison to encapsulated stone columns, employing a Finite …

Experimental Investigation Of Light-Weight Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tube Composite Long Columns, Nadia Fath Alla, Kamel Kandeel, Mahmoud El-Nagar

Journal of Engineering Research

The main target of this study is to investigate the behavior and performance of long composite circular stainless steel columns filled with light-weight concrete. An experimental study was carried out on four specimens, two of them are long composite circular stainless steel columns with length 1400 mm, diameter 100 mm and thickness of stainless steel tube 2 mm filled with light-weight and normal concrete with strengths 12 and 26 mpa respectively, which denoted by C1400/12 and C1400/26. The other two specimens are short composite circular stainless steel columns with length 500 mm, diameter 100 mm and thickness of stainless steel …

Effect Of Addition Monofilament And Multifilament Polypropylene Fibers On Mechanical Properties Of Concrete At Elevated Temperatures, Nourhan Osama Hanafy Dr

Journal of Engineering Research

Some researchers studied the effect of different types of fibers on the strengths of concrete at elevated temperature. However, there are some limitations in the study of the strengths of concrete using different methods of cooling after elevated temperature. Thus, the main objective of this research is to study the mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of 1% polypropylene fibers, featuring different structures, at elevated temperatures and with various cooling methods, compared to normal concrete. An experimental program using three different series of mixes, the first series included normal concrete (control) mix without fibers, the second series included 1% …

A Review Of Geopolymer Binder As A Grouting Material, Karla Sierra, Jinwoo An, Ryan Shamet, Jiannan Chen, Yong Je Kim, Boo Hyun Nam, Philip Park

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

The utilization of geopolymer as a grouting material has gained significant attention in research and construction applications. Geopolymer grout is a type of binding material that differs from traditional grouts, typically based on Portland cement. Researchers have explored its effectiveness and potential applications in grouting processes, considering its unique properties and characteristics. In this paper, various studies employing and utilizing geopolymer as a grouting material are reviewed. The emphasis is on mixture design of geopolymer grout, physical property, chemical composition of geopolymer grout, rheological behavior of geopolymer grout such as yield stress (in case of Bingham fluid) and viscosity, and …

Evaluation Of Bridge Deterioration Factors: From Design Parameters To Community Impact., Lawrencia Akuffo

Theses and Dissertations

The structural health and economic variables influencing the state of bridges in New Jersey are thoroughly examined in this thesis. The predictive modeling of bridge conditions using stepwise selection and linear logistic regression approaches is the primary focus of the opening chapter. With its precise predictions about bridge condition, either being fair/good, our model offers insightful information about resource allocation and maintenance by identifying bridge features which affect the deterioration of bridges the most. This gives effective infrastructure management, which not only relies on the identification of the important predictors and their effects on bridge conditions but also ranks them …

Seismic Resilience Of Timber Homes, Melia R. Costa

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

The vast majority of residential buildings in California are wood-frame structures. A home is typically a very large investment for families, and damage to the home can be detrimental to a family’s economic success. Thus, reducing the economic impacts of an earthquake on residential timber housing is crucial. A full scale, two-story section of a residential timber house is in construction in the Parson’s Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering Laboratory on the Cal Poly campus in San Luis Obispo, California. Once built it will be put through earthquake simulation tests on a shake table with various magnitudes of seismic activity. Next, …

Characterizing Mechanical Behaviors Of Railroad Ballast Based On Large-Scale Triaxial Tests, Shihao Huang

Theses and Dissertations

Ballast, typically composed of large unbound aggregates with uniform gradation, is essential for the structural integrity of railroad tracks, facilitating load transfer, drainage, and ensuring stability and resilience. The mechanical behaviors of ballast, including shear resistance, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation, are critical for effective railroad design and maintenance, directly impacting track geometry. Degradation of these mechanical properties can lead to significant track-related issues, such as excessive settlement and train derailments, resulting in substantial property damage, injuries, and fatalities. This dissertation aims to characterize mechanical behaviors of railroad ballast from perspectives of aggregate interaction, cyclic loading pulses and climatic conditions, …

Rail Anchor Slip Force Testing, S. Mustapha Rahmaninezhad, Constantine Tarawneh, Arturo A. Fuentes, David Vera, Jorge Encinia

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Continuous welded rail (CWR) is increasingly adopted to replace jointed track due to its superior ride quality, extended fatigue life, and reduced maintenance costs. However, the absence of joints introduces challenges, such as thermal expansion-related track buckling. Maintaining the Rail Neutral Temperature (RNT) is essential for managing rail stresses and preventing these failures. Rail anchors are employed to distribute loads from rails to ties. The rail anchors enhance longitudinal track resistance by minimizing the rail’s longitudinal movement. These anchors are crucial for managing the RNT, ultimately contributing to the prevention of rail buckling and the reinforcement of the track structure. …

Feasibility Study Of Oyster Shell Filtration Media For Stormwater Pollutants Removal, Sadiq Omer

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The depletion of resources has raised interest in reusing or incorporating by-products into alternative materials. In the effort for net zero emissions, waste reduction, and a circular economy, it is crucial to reinvent the alternative utilization strategy for by-products as construction materials sustainably. This research examines the alternative utilization strategy for oyster shell by-products in regular stormwater pollutant removal best management practices (BMPs).

Numerous research has examined the utilization of oyster shell waste as a construction material in Asia and Europe, specifically focusing on the physical properties of crushed oyster shells as alternatives for aggregates. No studies have been identified …

Simulating The Compound Impacts Of Climate Change And Sea-Level Rise On Coastal Shallow Groundwater Using An Integrated Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Model, Zhaoyi Cai

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

As climate change intensifies and sea levels rise, coastal aquifers become increasingly vulnerable to interacting oceanic and terrestrial processes. This dissertation examines the combined impacts of climate change and sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal shallow groundwater using an integrated surface-subsurface hydrologic model, focusing on the low-lying Little Creek watershed (LCW) in Norfolk, Virginia. The SWAT-MODFLOW model, a coupled system, unifies land surface, streamflow, and groundwater processes, providing a comprehensive framework for watershed-aquifer analysis. Model parameters were derived from U.S. Geological Survey datasets, relevant literature, station records, and technical reports, followed by meticulous calibration. The validated model first simulated baseline groundwater …

Evaluation Of Settlement In Poorly Graded Sand With Gravel Under Strain-Controlled Cyclic Triaxial And Dynamic Centrifuge Model Testing Conditions, Elise Jones

Theses and Dissertations

This research evaluates the dynamic behavior and volume change of sand with gravel subjected to cyclic loading. Historically, research on the dynamic behavior of cohesionless soils has primarily focused on the study of liquefaction due to its known implications on soil shear strength loss. Gravelly soil is generally assumed to be less susceptible to liquefaction since its large particle size facilitates drainage during cyclic loading. Gravel’s particle size also makes it difficult to test using standard cyclic shearing laboratory equipment. Thus, there is a lack of widespread research and predictive methods for the dynamic behavior of gravelly soil. Determining the …

Tracking Deposition And Settling Characteristics Of Airborne Metallic Particulate, William Kahale Caspino

Theses and Dissertations

Transport and deposition of metal particles is a source of environmental and public health concern. Understanding how ambient conditions and the properties of the particles interact to influence the dispersal range can provide information on and the possible extent of environmental contamination. Controlled laboratory experiments and modeling were utilized to determine when such particles would deposit. Particle samples containing heavy metals, a Palladium-dominant alloy and a Nickel/Aluminum dominant alloy LANA, were released in a static column, and the vertical displacement was tracked utilizing a Phantom v7.3 camera and a camera lens. Electron microscopy revealed that particles are not spherical and …