Crusader Remains In The Muristan, Old City Of Jerusalem: A Decade Of Archaeological Gleanings (Pp. 137–153),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Crusader Remains In The Muristan, Old City Of Jerusalem: A Decade Of Archaeological Gleanings (Pp. 137–153), Amit Re’Em, Jon Seligman, Zubair Adawi, Rafeh Abu Raya
'Atiqot
The Muristan is located in the heart of the Christian quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. During the twelfth century CE the area was given to the Hospitaller Order of St. John, and it included the following major buildings: a hospital, ecclesiastical buildings and various large secular buildings. During excavations at the site, remains pertaining to these architectural units were discovered, including massive piers and ashlars, displaying typical Crusader diagonal tool marks, and stones bearing mason's marks. The meager finds from these excavations are an important contribution to the reconstruction of the Hospitaller Quarter of Jerusalem during the twelfth …
Remains From The Early Roman To The Crusader/Ayyubid Periods At Ḥorbat Borin (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, P. 155),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Remains From The Early Roman To The Crusader/Ayyubid Periods At Ḥorbat Borin (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, P. 155), Abed A-Salam Sa'id
'Atiqot
At Ḥorbat Borin, on the northwestern outskirts of Baqa el-Gharbiya, five occupational strata were discovered, dating from the Early Roman to the Crusader/Ayyubid periods. Potsherds from the Persian, Hellenistic and Mamluk periods were found as well, out of stratigraphical context, probably pointing to a longer occupation at the site. A hiatus in the sequence of occupation during the fourth–fifth centuries CE remains unexplained.
An Early Byzantine-Period Burial Cave At Kabul (Pp. 107–136),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
An Early Byzantine-Period Burial Cave At Kabul (Pp. 107–136), Fanny Vitto
'Atiqot
The burial cave excavated at Kabul, in the western Galilee, is of the chamber-tomb type, surrounded by six vaulted chambers, each containing two troughs. The finds in the cave consist of glass vessels, jewelry and a coin—no pottery vessels or lamps were discovered—all dating to the late fourth century CE; a New Kingdom scarab was apparently reused in a piece of jewelry. The cave was probably used for family burial, possibly of a Jewish family, based on the finds and rabbinic sources describing Kabul as a Jewish town.
Excavations At Rogem Gannim, Jerusalem: Installations Of The Iron Age, Persian, Roman And Islamic Periods (Pp. 79–106),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavations At Rogem Gannim, Jerusalem: Installations Of The Iron Age, Persian, Roman And Islamic Periods (Pp. 79–106), Raphael Greenberg, Gilad Cinamon
'Atiqot
Some five kilometers west of ancient Jerusalem lies a large Iron Age tumulus. At the base of this tumulus, rock-cut installations were uncovered, including winepresses, caves and cisterns. The winepresses were first executed during the Iron Age, resembling the type that prevailed in the region west of Jerusalem during that time. The pottery and small finds from the Iron Age/Persian period included mainly storage jars, with a relative abundance of stamped jar handles, alluding to the economical activity at the site. Following the site's abandonment at the end of the Persian period, a rural settlement was established during the Early …
Human Skeletal Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 75–78),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Human Skeletal Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 75–78), Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
The anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the five burial caves at Sha‘ar Efrayim pointed to a difference between the burial traditions of the Chalcolithic population and those of the Early Bronze Age I population. The most prominent difference is the absence of infants in the Chalcolithic burials, in contrast to their presence in the EB I sample. This might indicate there was no population continuity between these two succeeding periods.
The Mollusc Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 73–74),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Mollusc Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 73–74), Henk K. Mienis
'Atiqot
The excavation of the Sha‘ar Efrayim burial caves yielded thirteen shells belonging to two kinds of molluscs—a Cone shell and a Bittersweet—all of which probably served as burial gifts. The presence of a species of Cone shells native to the Red Sea indicates some kind of trade with populations living farther to the south.
The Faunal Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 67–72),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Faunal Remains From The Burial Caves At Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 67–72), Liora Kolska Horwitz
'Atiqot
The faunal remains from the Sha‘ar Efrrayim burial caves (Nos. 1, 3–5) were attributed to two main periods, in accordance with the other finding in the caves: Late Chalcolithic and Late Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age I. They comprise a small, but important, sample, representing a wide range of both domestic and wild taxa. These remains seem to be the first convincing evidence of animal offerings in Late Chalcolithic/EB IA contexts in the southern Levant.
The Flint Assemblages From Sha‘Ar Efrayim Burial Caves 1–3 (Pp. 55–62),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Flint Assemblages From Sha‘Ar Efrayim Burial Caves 1–3 (Pp. 55–62), Hamoudi Khalaily
'Atiqot
Analysis of the flint tools retrieved from the Sha‘ar Efrayim burial caves (Nos. 1–3) revealed the presence of Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age artifacts, suggesting a wider time span for the use of the caves. The flint industry was apparently local, mainly exploiting materials in the immediate vicinity of the site.
Provenance Study Of Selected Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I Pottery From Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 63–66),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Provenance Study Of Selected Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I Pottery From Sha‘Ar Efrayim (Pp. 63–66), Anat Cohen-Weinberger
'Atiqot
The petrographic analysis of the finds from Sha‘ar Efrayim was conducted in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the cultural interaction of the site with other regions. For this purpose, fifteen Chlacolithic-period and Early Bronze Age clay artifacts were examined and grouped according to the characteristics of the raw material. The results shed light on the different raw materials used for specific vessel types in various periods, and provide important data for further discussions, e.g., regarding trade patterns during these periods.
A Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I Burial Ground Near Sha‘Ar Efrayim In The Sharon Plain (Pp. 1–53),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority_retired
A Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I Burial Ground Near Sha‘Ar Efrayim In The Sharon Plain (Pp. 1–53), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink
'Atiqot
Near Sha‘ar Efrayim, in the Sharon coastal plain, five karstic burial caves were uncovered, belonging to two burial phases: from the Chalcolothic periodand Early Bronze Age I. The finds attributed to the Chalcolithic period included clay coffins and domiform ossuaries—both exhibiting red-painted designs and applied features—and typical pottery vessels, e.g., V-shaped bowls, cornets, fenestrated bowl stands, holemouths, lug handles and achurn(?). The EB I assemblage comprised Gray Burnished Ware, vessels with wavy-ledged handles and high looped handles and a potstand. Other finds include bone objects, beads, metal finds and an outstanding clay female figurine. Post EB I finds were retrieved …
The Coins From Ḥorbat Ḥaẓaẓ, Ashqelon (Hebrew, Pp. 99–104; English Summary, Pp. 81*–82*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Ḥorbat Ḥaẓaẓ, Ashqelon (Hebrew, Pp. 99–104; English Summary, Pp. 81*–82*), Helena Sokolov, Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
During the excavation at Ḥorbat Hazaz, 94 bronze coins were uncovered, 36 of which were identified. The earliest coin dates to the Seleucid period and the latest, to the Early Islamic period. Noteworthy among the Roman coins are a coin of Hadrian struck in Ascalon and a coin of Faustina II minted in Gaza. Of the Byzantine-period coins, four are small pentanummi, some most probably imitations. Of note is a coin of Constans II that was overstruck on a coin of Heraclius.
Human Skeletal Remains From The Burial Cave At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–60*; English Summary, P. 201),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Human Skeletal Remains From The Burial Cave At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 51*–60*; English Summary, P. 201), Yossi Nagar, Vered Eshed
'Atiqot
The bones, which were found scattered above an alluvium fill in the cave, were well preserved. They represent at least forty individuals, the majority of which were adult males. Many of the bones manifested an inflammatory disease, which would account for the burial manner and the absence of children under the age of ten.
An Ancient Flour Mill On The Northern Dam Of The ‘Tanninim Reservoir’ (Hebrew, Pp. 151–166; English Summary, Pp. 86*–87*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
An Ancient Flour Mill On The Northern Dam Of The ‘Tanninim Reservoir’ (Hebrew, Pp. 151–166; English Summary, Pp. 86*–87*), Yosef Porath, Peter Gendelman, Yael Arnon
'Atiqot
Excavations at the site, located between the foothills of the Carmel ridge on the east and the central kurkar ridge on the west, revealed three superimposed mills. The earliest mill probably functioned not earlier than the fifth century CE. The Crusader-period mill was constructed above the western hall of the earlier mill, apparently during the twelfth century CE, and went out of use during the thirteenth or fourteenth century CE. The latest mill, which was inserted in the eastern hall of the earliest mill, was dated to the Ottoman period based on several pottery fragments. These mills are part of …
Glass Vessels From The Burial Cave At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 47*–50*; English Summary, P. 200),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Glass Vessels From The Burial Cave At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 47*–50*; English Summary, P. 200), Ruth E. Jackson-Tal
'Atiqot
Twenty well-preserved glass items were retrieved from the two burial phases in the burial cave at ‘Ar‘ara. Among the artifacts from the Late Roman period were candlestick-type bottles, jars, beads and bracelets; one bead was made of gold-glass. The glass finds from the Mamluk period included a plaque and a bracelet.
A Note Concerning The Onopordum Cynarocephalum Plant In Relation To Archaeological Sites (Hebrew, Pp. 169–171; English Summary, P. 65),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Note Concerning The Onopordum Cynarocephalum Plant In Relation To Archaeological Sites (Hebrew, Pp. 169–171; English Summary, P. 65), Aviram Oshri
'Atiqot
This article aims at demonstrating a new method of identifying ancient remains during surveys. It is suggested that archaeological sites can be observed in surveys based on the dispersion of the Onopordum cynarocephalum plant. This plant, a thistle, thrives on minerals, such as phosphorous and nitrogen, which are usually found in organically enhanced soils that are associated with human habitation throughout the ages; therefore, it can be used as an indicator of the existence of ancient remains.
Glass Vessels From Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 145–149; English Summary, P. 85*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Glass Vessels From Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Hebrew, Pp. 145–149; English Summary, P. 85*), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation at Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot, yielded 77 glass fragments, 34 of them diagnostic. Several vessels date to the early occupation of the site, during the Early Roman, Late Roman and Byzantine periods. These vessels, characteristic of the above-mentioned periods, are found throughout the country. The later vessels, dating to the Islamic period (ninth-eleventh centuries CE), are rare, and are almost unknown from excavated contexts.
The Coins From Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Pp. 65*–68*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot (Pp. 65*–68*), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Twenty coins were found in the excavations at Khirbat Deiran, Rehovot, originating from two strata (II–I). Most of the numismatic evidence dates to a single chronological unit, beginning with pre-reform folles (fourth–fifth centuries CE), followed by post-reform folles (sixth–early seventh centuries CE) and ending with fulūs from the Umayyad period (late seventh–eighth centuries CE) through the Abbasid period. Two coins—a Roman Provincial bronze and a Mamluk fals—are an exception in this assemblage.
Elemental And Petrographic Analyses Of Local And Imported Ceramics From Crusader Acre (Pp. 157–190),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Elemental And Petrographic Analyses Of Local And Imported Ceramics From Crusader Acre (Pp. 157–190), S. Yona Waksman, Edna J. Stern, Irina Segal, Naomi Porat
'Atiqot
The aim of the research presented in this report was to precisely obtain information concerning the origin of pottery types common in Crusader Acre. Thus, laboratory analyses, both elemental and petrographic, were applied on a fairly extensive number of samples, focusing on two broad ceramic categories: wares typical of Levantine sites of the Crusader period and wares belonging to the Zeuxippus Family. This study enabled us to distinguish between a ‘prototype’ and ‘derived’ or related productions—an important step in the attempt to prevent confusion within the Zeuxippus Family.
A Burial Cave From The Late Roman And Mamluk Periods At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–46*; English Summary, Pp. 198–199),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Burial Cave From The Late Roman And Mamluk Periods At ‘Ar‘Ara (Hebrew, Pp. 37*–46*; English Summary, Pp. 198–199), Doron Lipkonsky
'Atiqot
The cave, hewn in soft chalk bedrock on the western slopes of the ‘Iron Hills, was used for burial in two separate periods, the Late Roman and the Mamluk. During the Late Roman period, the cave comprised a forecourt, originally sealed by a roll stone, and a burial chamber with burial troughs carved in three of its walls. Each trough contained the skeleton of one individual accompanied by burial gifts, including pottery vessels, Samaritan oil lamps, glass vessels and jewelry. The Mamluk phase included the remains of forty individuals that seem to have been hastily discarded there, perhaps due to …
Excavations And Surveys At Ḥorbat Anusha And Ḥorbat Leved In The Samarian Shephelah (Hebrew, Pp. 109–159; English Summary, Pp. 62–64),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavations And Surveys At Ḥorbat Anusha And Ḥorbat Leved In The Samarian Shephelah (Hebrew, Pp. 109–159; English Summary, Pp. 62–64), Ofer Sion, Uzi ‘Ad, Mordechai Haiman, Giora Parnos
'Atiqot
The area under investigation is located in the lowlands extending between the center of the Samarian Hills and the coastal plain. The excavations exposed farmhouses and various installations, such as field towers, fortified towers, farming terraces, water installations, quarries, limekilns, stone clearance heaps and cupmarks. Based on the finds from these excavations, as well as from previous surveys, it is assumed that Ḥorbat Anusha was already occupied during Iron Age II and the Persian period. A possible ritual bath might indicate an occupation in the Second Temple period. Most of the construction dates to the Byzantine period, including a farmstead …
