Remains Of Two Iron Age Iib–C(?) Updraft Pottery Kilns At The Foot Of Tel Gamma (Tell Jemma),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Remains Of Two Iron Age Iib–C(?) Updraft Pottery Kilns At The Foot Of Tel Gamma (Tell Jemma), Davida Eisenberg-Degen, Ilana Peters, Svetlana Talis, Yael Abadi-Reiss, Emily Bischoff Bruintjes, Yotam Asscher
'Atiqot
An excavation southwest of Tel Gamma exposed two Iron Age II updraft pottery kilns and a refuse pit. The eastern kiln was only partially preserved; its fill contained workshop debris and storage-jar wasters. The better-preserved western kiln retained an almost intact, elongated combustion chamber with two sets of mud-brick flues and evidence of periodic upkeep. An activity layer was identified between and around the kilns, from which a mixed Iron IIA–C ceramic assemblage and a few stone artifacts were collected. The stone artifacts likely served in fine grinding and burnishing. In the refuse pit, potsherds, vitrified bricks, animal bones and …
A Middle Bronze Iia Pottery Production Site On The Northern Bank Of NaḥAl Soreq, Near Yavne-Yam,
2025
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
A Middle Bronze Iia Pottery Production Site On The Northern Bank Of NaḥAl Soreq, Near Yavne-Yam, Lily Singer-Avitz, Yossi Levy, Etan Ayalon
'Atiqot
A Middle Bronze Age IIA pottery production site was uncovered on the northern bank of Naḥal Soreq, near Yavne-Yam. Excavations revealed installations, including pits, an oven, a stone pavement and a two-story pottery kiln. The discovery of a potter’s wheel and petrographic analysis confirm local ceramic production using nearby ḥamra and kurkar materials. Stone anchors found on-site suggest the transport of vessels via small boats along the stream, connecting the site with nearby settlements such as Nabi Rubin and Yavne-Yam.
The Faunal Assemblage From Nahal Rimmonim, An Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Site In The Jezreel Valley,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Faunal Assemblage From Nahal Rimmonim, An Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Site In The Jezreel Valley, Zohar Turgeman-Yaffe
'Atiqot
The rural site of Naḥal Rimmonim yielded 421 identifiable animal bones that originated in well-stratified loci from five strata dating to the Intermediate and Middle Bronze Ages. The site’s economy seems to have been independent, or production-based, with residents providing most of their own needs while also trading with other groups. The economy was based on animal husbandry, with some hunting, mostly of gazelles, alongside the production of secondary products, such as milk, wool and labor, with a preference for wool. Pigs were the most common species in all domestic levels, including a unique pig burial. The faunal assemblage from …
Middle Bronze Age Human Skeletal Remains
From Nahal Rimmonim,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Middle Bronze Age Human Skeletal Remains From Nahal Rimmonim, Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
The excavation at Nahal Rimmonim yielded the remains of seven individuals interred in jar burials and a grave dating, respectively, to Middle Bronze Age I–II and III. The MB I–II storage-jar burials were uncovered in a residential area, comprising three infants—a well-documented trait of the period. The MB III remains include the primary burial of four individuals in stone-built graves: three adults and a child aged three–four years.
The Flint Assemblage From Nahal Rimmonim,
2025
independent researcher
The Flint Assemblage From Nahal Rimmonim, Ariel Vered
'Atiqot
The excavation at Naḥal Rimmonim yielded flint items dating to the Intermediate and Middle Bronze Ages, alongside intrusive highly patinated Middle Paleolithic artifacts. The Intermediate Bronze Age assemblage represents a local, expedient industry that produced simple flake tools from locally available lithic resources and long, regular blades, probably imported as blanks, continuing the Canaanean blade industry of the Early Bronze Age. The Middle Bronze Age assemblage attests to the production of flakes on which simple ad hoc tools were manufactured on locally available raw materials. The production of Canaanean blades ceased abruptly, probably when the Second Urban Revolution took place …
Petrographic Examination Of The Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Vessels From Nahal Rimmonim,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Petrographic Examination Of The Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Vessels From Nahal Rimmonim, Anastasia Shapiro
'Atiqot
This paper presents petrographic data retrieved from samples taken from pottery found in the context of a Middle Bronze Age pottery workshop and from a domestic pottery assemblage dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age. The results for both periods mostly point to on-site and local production, contributing to our knowledge concerning pottery production and trade in the Jezreel Valley and adjacent areas.
A Major Pottery-Production Center At Yavne, Israel,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Major Pottery-Production Center At Yavne, Israel, Liat Nadav-Ziv, Jon Seligman
'Atiqot
In several periods between the Middle Bronze Age and the Umayyad period, Yavne was a major center of pottery production in the southern coastal plain of the Levant. The location of the site next to Naḥal Soreq, where replenishable clay sources were easily accessible, was a significant factor in the development of the large-scale ceramic industry. The almost 100 updraft kilns from several periods exposed in the extensive excavations carried out at Yavne, and the kilns uncovered at other sites in the southern coastal plain, enable tracing the development of kiln technology and the continuity of pottery production in the …
Nahal Rimmonim: An Intermediate–Middle Bronze Age Village And Pottery Workshop In The Jezreel Valley,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Nahal Rimmonim: An Intermediate–Middle Bronze Age Village And Pottery Workshop In The Jezreel Valley, Karen Covello-Paran, Yotam Tepper
'Atiqot
The excavations at Naḥal Rimmonim exposed a stratified rural settlement spanning the Intermediate and Middle Bronze Age III. Stratified remains—including domestic structures, installations, a pottery workshop and burials—demonstrate diachronic shifts in site function and organization. The Intermediate Bronze Age strata exhibit substantial domestic activity with evidence of localized adaptation to marshy conditions. In the Middle Bronze Age I–II phases, a specialized potters’ workshop and later domestic structures highlight evolving intrasite spatial planning and craft production, likely tied to economic interactions with nearby Tel Megiddo. Elite tombs with prestige goods from the Middle Bronze Age III, signal socioeconomic ties to urban …
“Shihin Fr” Oil Lamps: Technology From Scratch,
2025
Kinneret Institute for Galilean Archaeology, Israel
“Shihin Fr” Oil Lamps: Technology From Scratch, Yehoshua (Yeshu) Dray, Ilana Gonen
'Atiqot
Recent excavations at Shiḥin, near ancient Ẓippori (Sepphoris) in Lower Galilee (Isarel), have revealed evidence of a Roman-period ceramic oil-lamp production workshop. The findings include a pottery kiln, lamp molds and industrial waste, prompting a reevaluation of oil-lamp production technologies and introducing new research questions. These questions were explored through experimental archaeology aimed at reconstructing manufacturing methods. This article focuses on the production technology of the Shiḥin FR oil lamps, distinguished by their unique designs and limited production period (70–135 CE). These chalk-mold-designed lamps were examined through high-resolution 3D scanning, reverse engineering and experimental archaeological practices, including mold carving, lamp …
The Jewish Chalk-Vessel Industry In Galilee
And The Golan,
2025
Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Ariel University, Israel
The Jewish Chalk-Vessel Industry In Galilee And The Golan, Yonatan Adler
'Atiqot
This study explores archaeological remains of the Jewish chalk-vessel industry in Galilee and the Golan during the Early Roman period. It examines recent excavations at ‘Einot Amitai, Reina and Lower Wadi es-Sufera, focusing on raw materials, manufacturing techniques and typologies of vessels produced at these sites. The study also looks at the chronology of this industry, exploring when chalk-vessel production in the north first began and when it ended. Throughout the paper, the archaeological remains from the northern sites are compared and contrasted with findings from Jerusalem-area workshops. Finally, the study investigates what the archaeological remains analyzed here may indicate …
Khirbat Khudash (Bet Arye): A Royal Olive Oil Production Center In The Kingdom Of Israel,
2025
independent researcher, Hararit, Israel
Khirbat Khudash (Bet Arye): A Royal Olive Oil Production Center In The Kingdom Of Israel, David Eitam
'Atiqot
Khirbat Khudash (Ḥudaš; modern-day Bet Arye), a small planned and fortified Iron Age IIB site with numerous oil presses, was discovered during a survey of the southwest Samaria Highlands by the author in 1979–1980 and subsequently excavated. The discovery and study of Khirbat Khudash, along with the nearby similar sites of Qla‘, Khirbat Deir Daqla and Kurnet Bir et-Tell—and their comparison to other Iron Age II rural settlements in southwest Samaria—illuminates a little-known but significant economic activity of mass-produced olive oil controlled by the Israelite Kingdom in the eighth century BCE. The site and pressing installations are described here, with …
Perfume-Making And Craft-Knowledge Transmission
In The Middle Assyrian Period,
2025
New York University, New York, USA
Perfume-Making And Craft-Knowledge Transmission In The Middle Assyrian Period, Yu Song
'Atiqot
This paper examines the art of perfume making during the Middle Assyrian period, focusing on the perfume recipes unearthed in the Temple of Aššur. These recipes serve as a lens through which we can observe the evolution of crafting knowledge, transitioning from practical application to written documentation, facilitated by the intermediary role of perfumers. Concurrently, the perfumed oils detailed in these recipes bear connections to royal rituals, shedding light on the consecration of Assyrian royal power. I argue that the transmission of craft knowledge and techniques is intricately linked to the ascent of the Assyrian Empire and the evolution of …
Secondary Use Of Textiles For Wick Production In Light Of The Finds From The Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Newe Efrayim,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Secondary Use Of Textiles For Wick Production In Light Of The Finds From The Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Newe Efrayim, Naama Sukenik, Yonah Maor, Yaniv Agmon, Yossi Elisha, Gilad Itach
'Atiqot
Three Intermediate Bronze Age wicks discovered in the Newe Efrayim cemetery constitute some of the earliest known archaeological evidence of wick use, an essential object for lighting, yet lacking distinctive features, as it was intended to be burned, making it a rare find. The exceptional preservation of the wicks sheds light on both preservation issues and the technological aspects of wick production in antiquity. The wicks were made from textiles, indicating the maximal reuse of a valuable raw material after it had served its original purpose. These finds offer evidence of material recycling in the ancient world. It is likely …
The Development Of Tin Bronze In The Southern Levant During The Bronze Age,
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Development Of Tin Bronze In The Southern Levant During The Bronze Age, Ilana Peters, Yotam Asscher, Naama Yahalom-Mack
'Atiqot
The paper surveys the development of the use of tin bronze in the Southern Levant, outlining its emergence in the late Early Bronze Age until its eventual predominance in the Late Bronze Age. As there are no tin or arsenical copper sources in the region, the paper discusses the potential sources based on archaeological and textual evidence, including recent analytical data, reflecting a possible correlation between the changes in metal sources and the shift from arsenical copper to tin bronze.
Researching Chalcolithic Ivories From The Southern Levant: Craft Items For Ritual, Prestige And Exchange,
2025
University of Haifa
Researching Chalcolithic Ivories From The Southern Levant: Craft Items For Ritual, Prestige And Exchange, Harel Shochat, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Avishay Levi-Hevroni, Martin D. Pasternak, Pablo Betzer, Daniel Varga, Yael Abadi-Reiss, Olga Negnevitsky, Ilan Naor, Ianir Milevski
'Atiqot
The Late Chalcolithic period in the Southern Levant, mainly the Ghassulian culture (mid-fifth–mid-fourth millennia BCE), heralded a new and unique trajectory in craft specialization, with ivory objects, including figurines, tools and vessels, among the outstanding ones. Hippopotamus and elephant ivory, probably of varied geographic provenience, were the raw materials employed. This paper presents two recently excavated ivory caches from the Late Chalcolithic sites of Ḥorbat Raqiq and Yavne (East), and reviews Chalcolithic ivories from this region. Additionally, a systematic microscopic analysis to determine the taxonomic identification of raw material and typological classification of each artifact is presented, offering novel perspectives …
A Religious Etiology Of Genito-Pelvic Pain And Pain With Penetration,
2025
Augsburg University
A Religious Etiology Of Genito-Pelvic Pain And Pain With Penetration, Emily L. Carlson
Theses and Graduate Projects
Pelvic pain during penetration (PPDP) has been described using various diagnostic terms, including vaginismus, dyspareunia, and vulvodynia. The most recent and comprehensive classification is Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD) which is characterized by psychological distress associated with pain during or in anticipation of vaginal penetration (DSM-5-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2022). The etiology of PPDP is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and relational factors. Religious and cultural influences may play a significant role in shaping individuals’ experiences of sexual pain. This study investigated the etiology of PPDP in relation to the religious influences among women raised in Judeo-Christian …
Stewardship, Generosity, And Percentage Giving Changing Attitudes On Financial Generosity Through Bible Study Concerning The Tithe For The New Testament Christians Of Good Shepherd Lutheran Church In Kingman, Az,
2025
Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis
Stewardship, Generosity, And Percentage Giving Changing Attitudes On Financial Generosity Through Bible Study Concerning The Tithe For The New Testament Christians Of Good Shepherd Lutheran Church In Kingman, Az, Timothy A. Barkett
Doctor of Ministry Major Applied Project
The Church today finds itself navigating a landscape shaped by economic uncertainty, generational shifts, and a growing sense of spiritual indifference. Within this context, generosity continues to serve as a profound expression of both faith and mission. The research presented in this project affirms that when generosity is taught with a spirit of grace, rooted in Scripture, and exemplified by leadership, it has the power to bring renewal—not only to individual believers but also to entire communities. In an era characterized by financial anxiety and spiritual consumerism, the biblical and theological foundations of stewardship and generosity provide both a necessary …
Biblical Church Governance: Returning To Plural-Elder Congregationalism From Policy-Based Governance Models,
2025
Liberty University
Biblical Church Governance: Returning To Plural-Elder Congregationalism From Policy-Based Governance Models, Jacob R. Ray
Liberty Theological Review
This paper critiques the growing adoption of policy-based governance models in local church contexts and argues for a return to plural-elder congregationalism as the most biblically faithful and historically rooted model of church government. While policy-based governance, derived from John Carver’s framework for nonprofit leadership, offers administrative strengths such as consistency, accountability, and efficiency, its application within the church often results in the diminishment of biblically mandated roles—particularly the deacon—and fosters a corporate rather than ecclesial culture. The author contends that such models misunderstand and misapply the New Testament offices of elder and deacon, violating the biblical pattern of shared …
The Marriage Metaphor Of Jesus And The Samaritan Woman: A New Interpretative Reading Of John 4:1-45,
2025
Liberty University
The Marriage Metaphor Of Jesus And The Samaritan Woman: A New Interpretative Reading Of John 4:1-45, Bao B. Vang
Liberty Theological Review
This paper explores the marriage metaphor in John 4:1–45, arguing that Jesus’s encounter with the Samaritan woman is a symbolic representation of the relationship between Christ and the Church. Through an exegetical analysis of the text, the study examines key elements such as the double entendre of the well motif, living water, and the concept of worship. The results of this study reveal the depth of John's narrative strategy in intentionally presenting Jesus as the Messianic Bridegroom, illustrated through his explicit use of Old Testament marriage motifs. The study concludes that the episode of Jesus and the Samaritan woman functions …
The Tabernacle Hermeneutic: Mosaic Permission From Ex 25:40 To Behold Christ,
2025
Liberty University
The Tabernacle Hermeneutic: Mosaic Permission From Ex 25:40 To Behold Christ, Christopher G. Miller
Liberty Theological Review
Ex 25:40 is a hermeneutic used by Moses which gives the reader permission to behold Christ and “heavenly things” (τῶν ἐπουρανίων) in the tabernacle instructions (Ex 25-40). This Mosaic hermeneutic is highlighted by the author of Hebrews (Heb 8:5). The overwhelming textual and thematic connections between the tabernacle instructions and the creation account (Gen 1-3) demonstrates that this tabernacle hermeneutic (Ex 25:40) may be useful in other contexts in the Pentateuch. This tabernacle hermeneutic should be used on passages that share words, plot, and ceremonial practices with the tabernacle instructions. The use of “horn” (qeren) is analyzed in each major …
