Population Genomics Of A Baboon Hybrid Zone In Zambia, 2017 Washington University in St. Louis
Population Genomics Of A Baboon Hybrid Zone In Zambia, Kenneth Lyu Chiou
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hybridization is increasingly recognized as a common, important process shaping the evolution of organisms including humans. Across hybrid zones, the genomes of incipient species are mixed and recombined through hybridization and backcrossing, creating conditions ideal for evaluating the actions of natural selection on gene variants in novel genomic contexts. This dissertation aims to increase our understanding of hybridization using a Zambian baboon study system in which two species, Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grayfoot baboons (Papio griseipes), hybridize despite exhibiting pronounced differences in body size and behavior. Using genome-wide genotypic data prepared using double-digest RADseq, I scan for genomic regions …
Genetic And Genomic Dissections Of Myelinating Glial Cell Development, 2017 Washington University in St. Louis
Genetic And Genomic Dissections Of Myelinating Glial Cell Development, Breanne Leigh Harty
Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Myelin is a multilamellar sheath made by specialized glial cells that iteratively spiral and compact their plasma membranes around axon segments. In vertebrate nervous systems, myelination facilitates rapid action propagation and provides trophic support critical for neuronal survival. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OLs) extend many processes to simultaneously ensheath multiple axons, while in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), myelinating Schwann cells (SCs) pair 1:1 with a single axon segment. Elaboration of the myelin sheath is one of the most exquisite and complex examples of massive coordinated cellular shape changes in the vertebrate nervous system. Furthermore, the importance …
The Biogeographic Origins And Trophic Ecology Of Maine’S Island Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon Cinereus), 2017 University of Maine
The Biogeographic Origins And Trophic Ecology Of Maine’S Island Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon Cinereus), Nikko-Ideen Shaidani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Island populations of terrestrial species have an increased potential, compared to mainland populations, to adapt and diverge, as these populations often are isolated with respect to gene flow from other populations and may be subjected to novel pressures. Indeed, extended isolation of individuals can elicit dramatic changes within populations and is recognized as a common driver of speciation. It is for these reasons that island populations are often a priority for conservation. Plethodontid salamanders are among the most terrestrial of Maine’s amphibians and are not tolerant of prolonged exposure to seawater, and yet, they are found on a number of …
Divergent Responses Of Larval And Juvenile Blue Mussels To Low Salinity Exposure, 2017 University of Maine
Divergent Responses Of Larval And Juvenile Blue Mussels To Low Salinity Exposure, Melissa A. May
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, we compared the osmotic stress response of larval and juvenile blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and whole organism levels. Blue mussels inhabit coastal areas, where they face climate-induced reductions in nearshore salinity. Despite their ecological and economic importance, scientists do not fully understand the underlying transcriptomic and cellular mechanisms of the osmotic stress response in blue mussels or how the ability to respond to stress changes throughout development. Blue mussels spend the first weeks of life developing through several larval stages in the plankton. These early life history stages are more vulnerable …
Single-Trait And Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Novel Loci For Blood Pressure In African-Ancestry Populations, 2017 Case Western Reserve University
Single-Trait And Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Analyses Identify Novel Loci For Blood Pressure In African-Ancestry Populations, Jingjing Liang, Thu H. Le, Digna R. Velez Edwards, Bamidele O. Tayo, Kyle J. Gaulton, Jennifer A. Smith, Yingchang Lu, Richard A. Jensen, Guanjie Chen, Lisa R. Yanek, Karen Schwander, Salman M. Tajuddin, Tamar Sofer, Wonji Kim, James Kayima, Colin A. Mckenzie, Ervin Fox, Michael A. Nalls, J. Hunter Young, Yan V. Sun, Jacqueline M. Lane, Sylvia Cechova, Jie Zhou, Hua Tang, Myriam Fornage, Solomon K. Musani, Heming Wang, Juyoung Lee, Adebowale Adeyemo, Albert W. Dreisbach, Donna K. Arnett
Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications
Hypertension is a leading cause of global disease, mortality, and disability. While individuals of African descent suffer a disproportionate burden of hypertension and its complications, they have been underrepresented in genetic studies. To identify novel susceptibility loci for blood pressure and hypertension in people of African ancestry, we performed both single and multiple-trait genome-wide association analyses. We analyzed 21 genome-wide association studies comprised of 31,968 individuals of African ancestry, and validated our results with additional 54,395 individuals from multi-ethnic studies. These analyses identified nine loci with eleven independent variants which reached genome-wide significance (P < 1.25×10−8) for either systolic and …
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, 2017 Harvard University
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, Sarah Douglas, Lon Chubiz, William Harcombe, Christopher Marx
Biology Department Faculty Works
Microbes often engage in cooperation through releasing biosynthetic compounds required by other species to grow. Given that production of costly biosynthetic metabolites is generally subjected to multiple layers of negative feedback, single mutations may frequently be insufficient to generate cooperative phenotypes. Synergistic epistatic interactions between multiple coordinated changes may thus often underlie the evolution of cooperation through overproduction of metabolites. To test the importance of synergistic mutations in cooperation we used an engineered bacterial consortium of an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph and Salmonella enterica. S. enterica relies on carbon by-products from E. coli if lactose is the only carbon source. …
Genetics Of Female Interspecific Mate Rejection In Species Of Drosophila, 2017 The University of Western Ontario
Genetics Of Female Interspecific Mate Rejection In Species Of Drosophila, Ryan Calhoun
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Speciation can occur when accumulated differences in mating behavior force diverging species to remain reproductively isolated from one another. A key determinant of behavioural isolation is the evolution of female mating preferences that prevent interspecific males from mating. However, no individual genes involved in species-specific preferences of females have yet been identified. Using various genetic mapping techniques available for studying strains and species of Drosophila, I identify candidate genes involved in D. simulans female discrimination against D. melanogaster males. One candidate gene in particular, Katanin-60, was selected for further characterization. Katanin-60 is a gene encoding a microtubule severing …
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, 2017 Harvard University
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, Sarah M. Douglas, Lon M. Chubiz, William R. Harcombe, Christopher J. Marx
Lon Chubiz
The Foxo Transcription Factor Controls Insect Growth And Development By Regulating Juvenile Hormone Degradation In The Silkworm, Bombyx Mori, 2017 Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
The Foxo Transcription Factor Controls Insect Growth And Development By Regulating Juvenile Hormone Degradation In The Silkworm, Bombyx Mori, Baosheng Zeng, Yuping Huang, Jun Xu, Takahiro Shiotsuki, Hua Bai, Subba Reddy Palli, Yongping Huang, Anjiang Tan
Entomology Faculty Publications
Forkhead box O (FOXO) functions as the terminal transcription factor of the insulin signaling pathway and regulates multiple physiological processes in many organisms, including lifespan in insects. However, how FOXO interacts with hormone signaling to modulate insect growth and development is largely unknown. Here, using the transgene-based CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated and characterized mutants of the silkworm Bombyx mori FOXO (BmFOXO) to elucidate its physiological functions during development of this lepidopteran insect. The BmFOXO mutant (FOXO-M) exhibited growth delays from the first larval stage and showed precocious metamorphosis, pupating at the end of the fourth instar (trimolter) rather …
Dna Sequences Of The Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (Coi) Genes From Deep Sea Fishes. Cruises Dp01 And Dp02 From May 2015 - August 2015, 2017 Nova Southeastern University
Dna Sequences Of The Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase I (Coi) Genes From Deep Sea Fishes. Cruises Dp01 And Dp02 From May 2015 - August 2015, Andrea Bernard, Max Weber, Kimberly A. Finnegan, Mahmood S. Shivji, Ron Eytan
DEEPEND Datasets
The deep sea ecosystem is believed to contain the highest biomass of fish in the oceans. However, the taxonomic diversity in this ecosystem is incompletely described and likely to be vastly underestimated. DNA sequence data (barcodes) have become a key tool to discover hidden biodiversity. We generated mitochondrial DNA barcode datasets based on the Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene from deep sea fishes. These data were analyzed using phylogenetic and statistical methods to reveal cryptic species and make taxonomic linkages between adult fishes and their early life stages. These datasets were generated from fishes collected in the Northern Gulf …
Microarray Dataset Of Transient And Permanent Dna Methylation Changes In Hela Cells Undergoing Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition, 2017 University of Kentucky
Microarray Dataset Of Transient And Permanent Dna Methylation Changes In Hela Cells Undergoing Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition, Meredith Eckstein, Matthew Rea, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The novel dataset presented here represents the results of the changing pattern of DNA methylation profiles in HeLa cells exposed to chronic low dose (0.5 µM) sodium arsenite, resulting in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, as well as DNA methylation patterns in cells where inorganic arsenic has been removed. Inorganic arsenic is a known carcinogen, though not mutagenic. Several mechanisms have been proposed as to how inorganic arsenic drives carcinogenesis such as regulation of the cell׳s redox potential and/or epigenetics. In fact, there are gene specific studies and limited genome-wide studies that have implicated epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation in inorganic arsenic-mediated …
Discovering And Linking Public Omics Data Sets Using The Omics Discovery Index., 2017 Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
Discovering And Linking Public Omics Data Sets Using The Omics Discovery Index., Yasset Perez-Riverol, Mingze Bai, Felipe Da Veiga Leprevost, Silvano Squizzato, Young Mi Park, Kenneth Haug, Adam J Carroll, Dylan Spalding, Justin Paschall, Mingxun Wang, Noemi Del-Toro, Tobias Ternent, Peng Zhang, Nicola Buso, Nuno Bandeira, Eric W Deutsch, David S Campbell, Ronald C Beavis, Reza M Salek, Ugis Sarkans, Robert Petryszak, Maria Keays, Eoin Fahy, Manish Sud, Shankar Subramaniam, Ariana Barbera, Rafael C Jiménez, Alexey I Nesvizhskii, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Christoph Steinbeck, Rodrigo Lopez, Juan A Vizcaíno, Peipei Ping, Henning Hermjakob
Articles, Abstracts, and Reports
No abstract provided.
Mutant Tdp-43 Does Not Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics In Vitro And In Viv, 2017 Weill Cornell Medical College
Mutant Tdp-43 Does Not Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics In Vitro And In Viv, Hibiki Kawamata, Pablo Peixoto, Csaba Konrad, Gloria Palomo, Kirsten Bredvik, Meri Gerges, Federica Valsecchi, Leonard Petrucelli, John M. Ravits, Anatoly Starkov, Giovanni Manfredi
Publications and Research
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Functional studies of mitochondrial bioenergetics have focused mostly on superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutants, and showed that mutant human SOD1 impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, calcium homeostasis, and dynamics. However, recent reports have indicated that alterations in transactivation response element DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) can also lead to defects of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Furthermore, it was proposed that TDP-43 mutations cause oxidative phosphorylation impairment associated with respiratory chain defects and that these effects were caused by mitochondrial localization of the mutant …
Characterization Of Neuronal Specific Responses To Induced Misfolded Protein Stress In Caenorhabditis Elegans, 2017 James Madison University
Characterization Of Neuronal Specific Responses To Induced Misfolded Protein Stress In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Claire Gormley
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Abstract
Misfolded protein stress has been associated with many types of disease,
including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s
disease. When a cell accumulates misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum,
misfolded protein stress occurs and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered to
induce mechanisms that will allow the cell to either survive or undergo cell death. The
nascent polypeptide associated complex (NAC) is a co-translational chaperone and α/β
heterodimer that manages protein folding and localization, and protects against misfolded
protein stress; changes in NAC function have been linked to both neurodegeneration and
cancer. In these studies, I depleted …
Epigenetic Modifications Of Human Placenta Associated With Preterm Birth, 2017 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Epigenetic Modifications Of Human Placenta Associated With Preterm Birth, Drissa Toure
Theses & Dissertations
Preterm birth is a complex multifactorial process. Despite the well-known role of the placenta in supporting the fetal development and maternal-fetal tolerance, the placental epigenetic modifications and preterm birth (PTB) remains poorly understood and under investigated. Various maternal and environment factors can influence epigenetic programming during fetal development to affect the functioning and structures of organs, including the placenta, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PTB. The understanding of the placental epigenetic alterations and maternal determinants associated with PTB are apparently indispensable for the development of actual diagnosis and methods of prevention and treatment of premature labor. The …
Differentiating The Neches River Rose Mallow (Hibiscus Dasycalyx) From Its Congeners By Means Of Phylogenetics And Population Genetics, 2017 University of Texas at Tyler
Differentiating The Neches River Rose Mallow (Hibiscus Dasycalyx) From Its Congeners By Means Of Phylogenetics And Population Genetics, Julia Norrell
Biology Theses
This study used molecular phylogenetic methods to attempt to resolve the taxonomic status of the federally threatened East Texas-endemic wildflower, the Neches River Rose Mallow (Hibiscus dasycalyx). Hibiscus dasycalyx co-occurs with two other closely related congeners that are currently not of conservation concern: the halberdleaf rose mallow (H. laevis); and the crimson-eyed rose mallow (H. moscheutos). This study assessed the phylogeny of these three Hibiscus species, and attempted to determine if there is possible hybridization occurring between them. To this end, Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq), a Next Generation Sequencing method, was used …
Does Genotype Correlate With Phenotype? Evaluating Ruffed Lemur (Varecia Spp.) Color Vision Using Subject Mediated Automatic Remote Testing Apparatus (Smarta), 2017 CUNY Hunter College
Does Genotype Correlate With Phenotype? Evaluating Ruffed Lemur (Varecia Spp.) Color Vision Using Subject Mediated Automatic Remote Testing Apparatus (Smarta), Raymond Vagell
Theses and Dissertations
Ruffed lemur (Varecia spp.) color vision research was conducted using a multidisciplinary approach: psychophysics, genetic analysis, technology, and animal training. The behavioral manifestation of Varecia spp. trichromacy was shown using a touchscreen apparatus (SMARTA). Trichromats performed better than dichromats when discriminating red from green (G2 = 78.10, p < 0.001).
Organ-Specific Transcriptome Profiling Of Metabolic And Pigment Biosynthesis Pathways In The Floral Ornamental Progenitor Species Anthurium Amnicola Dressler, Jon Suzuki, Teresita D. Amore, Bernarda Calla, Nathan A. Palmer, Erin D. Scully, Scott E. Sattler, Gautam Sarath, Joanne S. Lichty, Roxanna Y. Myers, Lisa M. Keith, Tracie K. Matsumoto, Scott M. Geib
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
Anthurium amnicola Dressler possesses a number of desirable and novel ornamental traits such as a purple-colored upright spathe, profuse flowering, and floral scent, some of which have been introgressed into modern Anthurium cultivars. As a first step in identifying genes associated with these traits, the transcriptome from root, leaf, spathe, and spadix from an accession of A. amnicola was assembled, resulting in 28,019 putative transcripts representing 19,458 unigenes. Genes involved in pigmentation, including those for the metabolism of chlorophyll and the biosynthesis of carotenoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were identified. The expression levels of one MYB transcription factor was highly …
66th National Poultry Breeder Roundtable Poster_Jibin Zhang.Pdf, 2017 Iowa State University
66th National Poultry Breeder Roundtable Poster_Jibin Zhang.Pdf, Jibin Zhang, Carl J. Schmidt, Susan J. Lamont
Jibin Zhang
Chromatin-Modifying Agents Convert Fibroblasts To Oct4+ And Vegfr-2+ Capillary Tube-Forming Cells, 2017 York Community High School
Chromatin-Modifying Agents Convert Fibroblasts To Oct4+ And Vegfr-2+ Capillary Tube-Forming Cells, Anita Wary, Neil Wary '18, Jugajyoti Baruah, Victoria Mastej, Kishore K. Wary
Student Publications & Research
Rationale
The human epigenome is plastic. The goal of this study was to address if fibroblast cells can be epigenetically modified to promote neovessel formation.
Methods and results
Here, we used highly abundant human adult dermal fibroblast cells (hADFCs) that were treated with the chromatin-modifying agents 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, and subsequently subjected to differentiation by activating Wnt signaling. Our results show that these epigenetically modified hADFCs increasingly expressed β-catenin, pluripotency factor octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4, also known as POU5F1), and endothelial cell (EC) marker called vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as Fetal Liver Kinase-1). In microscopic …