East Tennessee State University
Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH
James Madison University
Israel Antiquities Authority
Bard College
Andrews University
Texas Tech University
Union College - Schenectady, NY
Wright State University - Main Campus
Full Issue,
2024
Brigham Young University
Full Issue
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Oh My Heart Has Been Pained Within Me: Benjamin Lay And The Quaker Acceptance Of Antislavery Ideology,
2024
Brigham Young University
Oh My Heart Has Been Pained Within Me: Benjamin Lay And The Quaker Acceptance Of Antislavery Ideology, Zachariah Young
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
in 1758, a sickly hunchback lay ill in his cave-like dwelling. He had devoted his life to the cause of eradicating slavery. He was alone, a widower and an outcast among those called Friends. Now, in the winter of his life, 77-yearold Benjamin Lay heard the news that the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting had embraced antislavery thought to the extent that those who "could not be persuaded to desist from the practice of holding slaves, or were concerned in the importation of them" could face disciplinary action, just as he had for decrying the evils of racial slavery decades before. At …
Judas Was A Chaplain To Congress: Jacob Duche And The Revolutionary Limits Of Civic Faith,
2024
Brigham Young University
Judas Was A Chaplain To Congress: Jacob Duche And The Revolutionary Limits Of Civic Faith, Spencer Wells
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The Morning of September 6,1774, found a weary John Adams attending to political duties. Arriving in Philadelphia to take part in the First Continental Congress, Adams found himself greeted with rumors concerning the British "bombardment" of Boston at every turn. While aware that the colonial press remained unreliable during even the best of times, Adams remained concerned. Prospects of familial "distress and terror" haunted his mind, and fellow delegates did little to help. As Congress opened, Patrick Henry warned colonists of approaching danger. "Government [was] dissolved," he began, for aggressive British troops had succeeded in throwing once-loyal colonies into a …
Liberalizing Salvation In Medieval Vision Literature,
2024
Brigham Young University
Liberalizing Salvation In Medieval Vision Literature, Drew Sorber
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
in 1960, the Chicago Congress of World Mission declared, "in the years since World War II more than one billion souls have passed into eternity and more than half of those went to the torment of Hell fire without even hearing of Jesus Christ, who He was or why He died on the Cross of Calvary." The issue of a restricted salvation-one granted only to those who fulfil a specific set of requirements-has remained central to Christian eschatology since the pre-Nicene period and before. While this issue is addressed throughout Christian history, a dramatic reaction to it came in the …
Interracial Marriage In Utah During The 1960s And 1970s: With Individual Perspectives,
2024
Brigham Young University
Interracial Marriage In Utah During The 1960s And 1970s: With Individual Perspectives, Mark Lowe
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Racial conflict is no stranger to America's past. With the demise of slavery, many whites harbored fears of a new racial order. Through their efforts, they established an inequitable society once more, the intent of which was to promote white superiority and degrade the black community. Segregation and racial discrimination characterized the next cenrury of America's story. Blacks faced prejudice in many contexts, including education, employment, housing, and even social relationships, such as dating and marriage. Anti-miscegenation laws were a significant component of this discriminatory society. In her book What Comes Naturally, Peggy Pasco states that "opposition to interracial marriage …
Never Forget Czechoslovakia: The Prague Spring And The Crushed Opportunity For A New Czechoslovak Identity,
2024
Brigham Young University
Never Forget Czechoslovakia: The Prague Spring And The Crushed Opportunity For A New Czechoslovak Identity, Brittany Hardy
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
With Soviet guns locked on the government buildings in Prague, Czechoslovakia was transformed from a nation of autonomous communism to one under full control of the Soviet Union. On 22 August 1968, amidst the chaos of the Warsaw Pact invasion, an unnamed university student left behind a plea via audio recording, asking the world for help saying, "The only way that you can help us is this: not to forget Czechoslovakia. Don't forget Czechoslovakia." His plea calls into question what defined the national identity of Czechoslovakia and what built the foundation for establishing such an identity. Historians such as Carol …
"Slaves, Monsters, Or Souls": Theology And Feminism In The Spanish Enlightenment,
2024
Brigham Young University
"Slaves, Monsters, Or Souls": Theology And Feminism In The Spanish Enlightenment, Rachael Givens
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Ines Joyes y Blake penned this plea in 1798 in a losing battle of Enlightened theology against Enlightenment hypocrisy: "Let the men say what they will, souls are equal!" This author of one of the most notable and radical essays on feminism of the Spanish eighteenth century, entitled simply Apologia, or "Defense," had joined the growing chorus of voices that were appealing to Enlightenment thinkers to apply to the historically neglected half of the population those principles of natural rights and human equality that had reshaped the era's theology and politics. It was only natural that some would seek to …
"A Few Spare Ribs": Female Immigration To Gold Rush California,
2024
Brigham Young University
"A Few Spare Ribs": Female Immigration To Gold Rush California, Rachel Belk Moyar
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In September on 1848, subscribers of the New York Herald read a fanciful description of a place that had "rivers whose banks and bottoms [were] filled with pure gold," and made the legendary El Dorado seem nothing "but a Sand bank." The work sounded easy, and the potential returns appeared limitless. A bucket of dirt "with a half hour's washing in running water" would produce "a spoonful of black sand, containing from seven to ten dollars' worth of gold." This golden country was California. Beginning in 1848, similar accounts of the gold discoveries in California began to appear in numerous …
"Come And Die": Total Sacrifice In The Theology And Resistance Of Dietrich Bonhoeffer,
2024
Brigham Young University
"Come And Die": Total Sacrifice In The Theology And Resistance Of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Greer Bates
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The sun had only just begun to rise when he was taken from his cell, naked and shivering, into the biting cold of an early April morning. Perhaps he watched as the hangman adjusted the noose that swung lifelessly from the scaffolds. Perhaps he spoke to the guards as they led him to the platform on which he would die. Likely, he thought of his young fiancee, his mother, his father. And, almost certainly, he prayed. We have no record of these final moments in the life of the young Lutheran pastor and theologian, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, executed on the 9th …
The Hut Tax War Of 1898: Political Spin And Chamberlain's Colonial Office,
2024
Brigham Young University
The Hut Tax War Of 1898: Political Spin And Chamberlain's Colonial Office, Chase Arnold
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In 1895, the British Empire underwent a dramatic change. This change was not precipitated by war, expansion, or discovery. Instead, the empire was changed by a renewed longing for the glory of the old empire. Where the empire had been shrinking, it would now be expanded. Where claims had been ceded, they would now be defended. All of this was undergone with the greatest hopes but resulted in the gravest consequences. Yet there was a brief moment in 1898 when this new imperialist vigor was almost cut short and this terrible history nearly averted.
Preface,
2024
Brigham Young University
Preface, Lee J. F. Deppermann
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
It was Karl Marx who observed that individuals do indeed make history, but seldom in the circumstances of their own choosing. Indeed, the primary challenge for every aspiring historian is to understand both impersonal forces that frame historical events and the individual actions that define them. Inherent in this quest for understanding is the duty of historians to detach themselves from contemporary influences and understand the past as the past would have understood itself. The historian Richard J. Evans expressed this mandate well: "One of the greatest problems in writing history is to imagine oneself back in the world of …
Front Matter,
2024
Brigham Young University
Front Matter
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Full Issue,
2024
Brigham Young University
Full Issue
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Opposition To The Poor Law Amendment Act Of 1834,
2024
Brigham Young University
Opposition To The Poor Law Amendment Act Of 1834, Janae Lakey
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
According to John Bull, "I repeat, I consider this New Poor Act a most cruel, a most unjust, and injurious enactment." John Bull expressed the frustration and injustice many Englishmen felt toward the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, or the new Poor Law. Before this statute, the Poor Law Act of 1601, otherwise known as the 43d Elizabeth or the Old Poor Law, governed poor relief. According to this law, parish guardians supported their own poor with funds extracted from parish residents. Their responsibilities included assigning pauper children to apprenticeships to learn skillful trades and giving relief to the …
Making Sport Of A Nation The Politicization Of Bullfighting In Napoleonic Spain,
2024
Brigham Young University
Making Sport Of A Nation The Politicization Of Bullfighting In Napoleonic Spain, Blake C. Clayton
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Bullfighting entrenched itself in the cultural life of the Spanish nation early in the seventeenth century and has since become a highly publicized, distinctly Spanish pastime. Calling it "el espectaculo mas nacional," the count of Navas wrote that "if Rome lived happily on bread and war, then Madrid lives happily on bread and bulls." While the majority of the scholars who have written on Spanish bullfighting have done so in hopes of elucidating its pseudoscientific, often nebulous connection to the Spanish soul, the festival has had considerable impact on the nation as an institution and a symbol. Often …
The Mormon Reformation A Historiographical Essay,
2024
Brigham Young University
The Mormon Reformation A Historiographical Essay, Julie Harris Adams
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
On December 12, 1889, the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issued a statement that proclaimed, "We denounce as entirely untrue the allegation which has been made, that our church favors or believes in the killing of persons who leave the church or apostatize from its doctrines." It went on to explain that the Church abhorred the shedding of human blood except as a capital crime penalty resulting from a legal, public trial. This manifesto came in response to the "gross misrepresentations of the doctrines, aims and practices …
"Born For Liberty" The Emergence Of Female Patriotism During The American Revolution,
2024
Brigham Young University
"Born For Liberty" The Emergence Of Female Patriotism During The American Revolution, Anne Bennett
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
Esther Reed, a colonial woman who lived during the American Revolution, praised the women of her time: "Born for liberty, disdaining to bear the irons of a tyrannic [sic] Government, we associate ourselves to the grandeur of those ... who have broken the chains of slavery, forged by tyrants in the times of ignorance and barbarity."
"Brothers In Christ?" The Dynamics Of Slavery And Catholicism In Brazil,
2024
Brigham Young University
"Brothers In Christ?" The Dynamics Of Slavery And Catholicism In Brazil, Jaime Toiaivao Alley
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In 1946, Frank Tannenbaum provoked the ire of American historians by claiming that slavery in Brazil was more humane than in the United States. Observing the laws, religious pronouncements, and social trends related to Brazilian slavery, he concluded in his book Slave and Citizen that the presence of the Catholic Church in Brazil mitigated the normally brutal nature of slavery. This religious climate, he asserted, accounted in large part for the difference in slaves' experiences in Brazil and in the United States. In reality, however, the position of the Catholic Church towards slavery was neither simple nor one-dimensional and does …
"Have Faith In God And U.S. Reclamation" Failure On The Boise Project, 1905- 1924,
2024
Brigham Young University
"Have Faith In God And U.S. Reclamation" Failure On The Boise Project, 1905- 1924, Jane Morgan
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
The "destiny of man is to possess the whole earth," agricultural specialist John A. Widtsoe declared in 1928; "and the destiny of earth is to be subject to man."' Widtsoe's comment reflected the U.S. government's imperative to conquer and manage nature to fulfill the nation's destiny. Reclamation, the conversion of wasteland, usually arid deserts, into farmland, was a central program of the conservationist movement. A progressive government saw the West as the home of a future American empire where strong, independent households would unite to reclaim the land. Believing the Secretary of the Interior's promise that agricultural prosperity could be …
Working Against Themselves Jesuit Tactics To Displace The Huron Indian Shamans,
2024
Brigham Young University
Working Against Themselves Jesuit Tactics To Displace The Huron Indian Shamans, C. Mackenzie Snow
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
In the spring and summer of 1635, a severe drought struck Huron country. Falling back on traditional means for relief, the native people appealed to the local shamans, their spiritual leaders, for aid. Tehorenhaegnon, one of the most famous of these "sorcerers," as the Jesuits called them, promised relief in return for "the value of ten hatchets" and "a multitude of feasts." However, Tehorenhaegon's "efforts were in vain-dreaming, feasting, dancing, were all to no purpose, there fell not a drop of water; so that he had to confess that he could not succeed, and he declared that the crops would …
