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Articles 2251 - 2280 of 3116

Full-Text Articles in Cognition and Perception

Self-Disclosure About Cherished Possessions: Effects On Roommate Rapport, Territoriality And Loneliness, Christopher H. Smejkal May 2013

Self-Disclosure About Cherished Possessions: Effects On Roommate Rapport, Territoriality And Loneliness, Christopher H. Smejkal

Ed.D. Dissertations

This study focused on how self-disclosure about cherished possessions between female freshmen college roommates affected their levels of rapport, territoriality, and loneliness. The research was conducted at a Midwestern university during the first two weeks of the Fall 2011 semester with roommates who were previously unacquainted prior to cohabitation. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, participants were administered three pre-tests during the first week of the semester. In the second phase, they were asked to come back a week later and engage in a self-disclosure session with each other. Roommates in the control group self-disclosed …

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Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Abraham Lincoln As An Adult Learner, Warren Greer May 2013

Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Abraham Lincoln As An Adult Learner, Warren Greer

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Over the last two decades, research has identified factors that foster versus undermine human motivation and well being with important implications for learning and performance. Much of the research is concerned with intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and autonomous versus non-autonomous learning environments. The data suggests that learning and performance are often significantly enhanced in autonomy-supportive environments that foster intrinsic motivational perspectives. This study examines the lived experience of Abraham Lincoln in the context of his adult learning motivation, forming a qualitative narrative around his adult educational experiences. It was hypothesized that Abraham Lincoln benefited from learning experiences with high levels …

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Ages Of Engagement In Risk Taking And Self-Harm: An Investigation Of The Dual Systems Model Of Adolescent Risk Taking, Brittany Dykstra May 2013

Ages Of Engagement In Risk Taking And Self-Harm: An Investigation Of The Dual Systems Model Of Adolescent Risk Taking, Brittany Dykstra

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Risk taking (RT) and self-harm (SH) are clinically, conceptually, and empirically
related, yet separate constructs, which occur most frequently during adolescence. The current study utilized retrospective reports of college students to determine reported ages of engagement in RT and SH behaviors. Reported ages were compared with predictions for ages of high frequency engagement in RT based on the Dual Systems Model of Adolescent Risk Taking (DSMART; Steinberg, 2010). The sample consisted of 228 college students, ranging in age from 18 to 48 years (mean 22.8), who completed a survey of commonly investigated RT (12 items) and SH (18 items) behaviors. …

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Interactive Video Gaming: Do We Feel Like We Are Exercising?, Antonio Santo, Shaelee Allen, Janet Dufek, Paul Hafen, Michael Jarrett, Krystina Moschella, Robert Rietjens, James Navalta, Richard Tandy, Jacob E. Barkley Apr 2013

Interactive Video Gaming: Do We Feel Like We Are Exercising?, Antonio Santo, Shaelee Allen, Janet Dufek, Paul Hafen, Michael Jarrett, Krystina Moschella, Robert Rietjens, James Navalta, Richard Tandy, Jacob E. Barkley

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and hedonics (liking or enjoyment) changed during 30 contiguous minutes of playing select, interactive video games on the Nintendo Wii system. A secondary purpose was to determine if RPE and liking differed among games.These data suggest that individuals do perceive difference in the amount of work they are performing during extended play of the same game or among sedentary and physically interactive games. Additionally, liking was similar during extended game play and among games suggesting that the physical interaction with the game may be …

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Death And Politics: The Role Of Demographic Characteristics And Testimony Type In Death Penalty Cases Involving Future Dangerousness Testimony, Amy Magnus, Miliaikeala Heen, Joel D. Lieberman Apr 2013

Death And Politics: The Role Of Demographic Characteristics And Testimony Type In Death Penalty Cases Involving Future Dangerousness Testimony, Amy Magnus, Miliaikeala Heen, Joel D. Lieberman

Graduate Research Symposium (GCUA) (2010 - 2017)

Past research examining expert future dangerousness prediction testimony in death penalty cases and civil confinement hearings for sex offenders has found that jurors tend to be more persuaded by less scientific “clinical” testimony and less influenced by “actuarial” based testimony. Jurors demonstrate greater receptivity for clinical testimony despite the fact that actuarial testimony has been shown to be a better predictor of future dangerousness. Research in this area has focused on identifying cognitive factors that can potentially be manipulated during a trial to increase the effectiveness of actuarial testimony on jurors. A mock jury study was conducted to extend these …

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Cognitive Versus Technical Debriefing After Simulation Training, William Bond, Lynn Deitrick, Mary Eberhardt, Gavin Barr, Bryan Kane, Charles Worrilow, Pat Croskerry Apr 2013

Cognitive Versus Technical Debriefing After Simulation Training, William Bond, Lynn Deitrick, Mary Eberhardt, Gavin Barr, Bryan Kane, Charles Worrilow, Pat Croskerry

Bryan G Kane MD

No abstract provided.

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Infants’ Responses To Affect In Music And Speech, Daniel K. Feinberg Apr 2013

Infants’ Responses To Affect In Music And Speech, Daniel K. Feinberg

Pitzer Senior Theses

Existing literature demonstrates that infants can discriminate between categories of infant-directed (ID) speech based on the speaker’s intended message – that is, infants recognize the difference between comforting and approving ID speech, and treat different utterances from within these two categories similarly. Furthermore, the literature also demonstrates that infants understand many aspects of music and can discriminate between happy and sad music. Building on these findings, the present study investigated whether exposure to happy or sad piano music would systematically affect infants’ preferences for comforting or approving ID speech. Five- to nine-month-old infants’ preferences for comforting or approving ID speech …

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How Good Is Gold? Recognition Of The Golden Rectangle, Rebecca A. Eydt Apr 2013

How Good Is Gold? Recognition Of The Golden Rectangle, Rebecca A. Eydt

Senior Theses and Projects

The Golden Proportion is the place where a line is divided in such a way that the ratio of the length of the shorter segment to the longer segment is equal to the ratio of the longer segment to the length of the whole line. It has been claimed by artists, architects, and aestheticians that the Golden Section is the most aesthetically pleasing division of a line, and that the Golden Rectangle is the most aesthetically pleasing of all rectangles. Although there is experimental support for these claims, it is not unequivocal. Many studies have been on preference for the …

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Generalization Of Expert Face Processing Takes Time, Karen Duan Apr 2013

Generalization Of Expert Face Processing Takes Time, Karen Duan

Honors Theses

Same race faces are recognized better than other race faces, and this other-race effect (ORE) can be explained by reduced holistic processing of other-race faces. Holistic processing is defined as a tendency to process all parts of a stimulus interactively as a whole. Previous studies found that experience can mediate ORE in holistic processing. The present study investigated whether quality or quantity of experience with the other-race better predicts holistic processing of other-race faces between Caucasian and Asian individuals. Contrary to what we expected, we did not find any correlation between experience with the other-race and the ORE in holistic …

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Infant Perceptions Of Mixed-Race Faces: An Exploration Of The Hypodescent Rule In 8.5 Month-Old Infants, Sophie Beiers Apr 2013

Infant Perceptions Of Mixed-Race Faces: An Exploration Of The Hypodescent Rule In 8.5 Month-Old Infants, Sophie Beiers

Pitzer Senior Theses

Studies have shown that adults often categorize mixed-race individuals of White and non-White descent as members of the non-White racial group, an effect said to be reminiscent of the “hypodescent” or “one-drop rule.” This effect has not yet been thoroughly studied in infants, although 9-month-old infants have been shown to be able to categorize mono-racial faces into different racial groups. In the present study, the perception of mixed-race White and Asian/Asian American faces was studied in sixteen 8.5-month-old infants. The infants were randomly assigned to two stimulus groups. The stimuli were the photographed faces of female college students who had …

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Positive Affect Improves Working Memory: Implications For Controlled Cognitive Processing, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Alice M. Isen Apr 2013

Positive Affect Improves Working Memory: Implications For Controlled Cognitive Processing, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang, Alice M. Isen

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study examined the effects of positive affect on working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM). Given that WM involves both storage and controlled processing and that STM primarily involves storage processing, we hypothesised that if positive affect facilitates controlled processing, it should improve WM more than STM. The results demonstrated that positive affect, compared with neutral affect, significantly enhanced WM, as measured by the operation span task. The influence of positive affect on STM, however, was weaker. These results suggest that positive affect enhances WM, a task that involves controlled processing, not just storage processing. Additional analyses of recall …

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Are Individuals' Familiarity Judgments Diagnostic Of Prior Contact?, Kathy Pezdek, Stacia N. Stolzenberg Mar 2013

Are Individuals' Familiarity Judgments Diagnostic Of Prior Contact?, Kathy Pezdek, Stacia N. Stolzenberg

Stacia N. Stolzenberg

The extensive eyewitness memory research literature has been restricted to memory for strangers. Although it is often assumed that eyewitnesses are more accurate identifying familiar than unfamiliar individuals, little is known about whether individuals' familiarity judgments are diagnostic of prior contact. Caucasian and Asian sophomores (N=139) in two small private high schools viewed yearbook pictures of (a) graduated students from their school who were seniors (fourth year) when participants were freshmen (first year) (familiar) and (b) unfamiliar individuals, and responded whether each was ‘familiar’. The design was completely crossed; familiar faces at each school served as unfamiliar faces at the …

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Balconies, Joe Guimera Mar 2013

Balconies, Joe Guimera

The STEAM Journal

Recent developments in theoretical physics suggest the possibility of parallel universes. What if we could see two or more universes at the same time? In effect, superimpose a scene from one universe; say a street corner, over the image of the same scene from a second universe? The photograph “Balconies” imagines the possibilities.

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Narrative Paradigms In Muslim Identity: A Qualitative Investigation Of Seven Atlanta Case Studies, Sonia Jamani Mar 2013

Narrative Paradigms In Muslim Identity: A Qualitative Investigation Of Seven Atlanta Case Studies, Sonia Jamani

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

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The Good, The Bad, And The Funny: An Erp Study Of Laughter As A Meaningful Socioemotional Cue, Nicholas P. Bello, R. Toby Amoss, Jessica R. Wise, Gwen A. Frishkoff Mar 2013

The Good, The Bad, And The Funny: An Erp Study Of Laughter As A Meaningful Socioemotional Cue, Nicholas P. Bello, R. Toby Amoss, Jessica R. Wise, Gwen A. Frishkoff

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

.

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Aspects Of Facial Contrast Decrease With Age And Are Cues For Age Perception, Aurelie Porcheron, Emmanuelle Mauger, Richard Russell Mar 2013

Aspects Of Facial Contrast Decrease With Age And Are Cues For Age Perception, Aurelie Porcheron, Emmanuelle Mauger, Richard Russell

Psychology Faculty Publications

Age is a primary social dimension. We behave differently toward people as a function of how old we perceive them to be. Age perception relies on cues that are correlated with age, such as wrinkles. Here we report that aspects of facial contrast–the contrast between facial features and the surrounding skin–decreased with age in a large sample of adult Caucasian females. These same aspects of facial contrast were also significantly correlated with the perceived age of the faces. Individual faces were perceived as younger when these aspects of facial contrast were artificially increased, but older when these aspects of facial …

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Eurasian Jays Predict The Food Preferences Of Their Mates, Alan C. Kamil Mar 2013

Eurasian Jays Predict The Food Preferences Of Their Mates, Alan C. Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

The cognitive abilities of animals continue to fascinate both scientists and nonscientists. Although the abilities of the primates, our closest living relatives, generally attract most interest, several different lines of research have demonstrated high levels of intellectual capacity in birds, particularly corvids. The members of this family are known for their large brains and have performed well in many cognitive tasks using different paradigms (1–3). This finding has led to substantial revision of thinking about avian intelligence, including the suggestion of convergence in the evolution of cognitive abilities between corvids and primates (4). In PNAS, Ostojić et al. (5) add …

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Lateralized Difference In Tympanic Membrane Temperature: Emotion And Hemispheric Activity, Ruth E. Propper, Tad T. Brunyé Mar 2013

Lateralized Difference In Tympanic Membrane Temperature: Emotion And Hemispheric Activity, Ruth E. Propper, Tad T. Brunyé

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We review literature examining relationships between tympanic membrane temperature (TMT), affective/motivational orientation, and hemispheric activity. Lateralized differences in TMT might enable real-time monitoring of hemispheric activity in real-world conditions, and could serve as a corroborating marker of mental illnesses associated with specific affective dysregulation. We support the proposal that TMT holds potential for broadly indexing lateralized brain physiology during tasks demanding the processing and representation of emotional and/or motivational states, and for predicting trait-related affective/motivational orientations. The precise nature of the relationship between TMT and brain physiology, however, remains elusive. Indeed the limited extant research has sampled different participant populations …

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Unconscious Processing Of Unattended Features In Human Visual Cortex, Tatiana Aloi Emmanouil, Philip Burton, Tony Ro Mar 2013

Unconscious Processing Of Unattended Features In Human Visual Cortex, Tatiana Aloi Emmanouil, Philip Burton, Tony Ro

Publications and Research

Unconscious processing has been convincingly demonstrated for task-relevant feature dimensions. However, it is possible that the visual system is capable of more complex unconscious operations, extracting visual features even when they are unattended and task irrelevant. In the current study, we addressed this question by measuring unconscious priming using a task in which human participants attended to a target object's shape while ignoring its color. We measured both behavioral priming effects and priming-related fMRI activations from primes that were unconsciously presented using metacontrast masking. The results showed faster RTs and decreases in fMRI activation only when the primes were identical …

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Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven Feb 2013

Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

The visual system could determine the 3D shape of an object in one of two ways: 1) by comparing local disparity signals or 2) by coding disparity gradients directly with higher-level 3D shape detectors. If 3D shape detectors are used, then for equivalent disparities, observers should have lower stereoacuity thresholds between shapes than within shapes. Two psychophysical tasks support this hypothesis. Stimuli were 3D surfaces whose top and bottom edges lay in the fixation plane and whose centers contained crossed disparity. Surface disparity was signaled by disparate luminance contours at the right and left edges or by disparate random dots …

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Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese Feb 2013

Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese

Dawn L Vreven

Local disparity signals must interact in visual cortex to represent boundaries and surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) objects. We investigated how disparity signals interact in 3D contours and in 3D surfaces generated from the contours. We compared flat (single disparity) stimuli with curved (multi-disparity) stimuli. We found no consistent differences in sensitivity to contours vs. surfaces; for equivalent amounts of disparity, however, observers were more sensitive to flat stimuli than curved stimuli. Poor depth sensitivity for curved stimuli cannot be explained by the larger range of disparities present in the curved surface, nor by disparity averaging, nor by poor sensitivity to …

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Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven Feb 2013

Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

Three-dimensional interpolation occurs when observers perceive surfaces that vary smoothly in depth despite sparse or absent image disparity. The neural mechanism(s) responsible for 3D interpolation are unknown. One possibility is that local disparity or depth information is propogated into blank image regions (Mitchinson & McKee, 1985). An alternate possibility is that surface-based 3D shape detectors mediate interpolation (Domini et al., 2001; Wilcox & Duke, 2003). Can a stereoscopic after-effect be obtained from the interpolated region of a 3D surface? Stereoscopic after-effects are explained by fatigue among neural mechanisms tuned to different disparities. The interpolated region of a 3D surface, however, …

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Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth Feb 2013

Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth

Dawn L Vreven

Each frame of a Glass pattern consists of a random placement of dots and a spatially shifted copy of this pattern. Thus, each dot has a partner, forming dot-pair dipoles. When shown in succession, motion is perceived along the axis of the spatial shift. The perception of motion in dynamic Glass patterns is believed to be a two-stage process: first, local orientation detectors respond to the orientation signal in the dot-pair dipole; and second, global detectors integrate local orientation signals. We examined the ability to detect rotation in dynamic Glass patterns whose dipoles contained a) the same polarity, b) opposite …

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3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven Feb 2013

3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven

Dawn L Vreven

Three-dimensional (3D) shape discrimination could be achieved using relative disparity signals or it could be achieved using a higher-order disparity derivative detector. Two 3D shape discrimination tasks were used to distinguish between these possibilities: a within-shape task and a between-shape task. Disparity thresholds were larger when discriminating within the same shape than when discriminating between shapes. More importantly, within-shape discriminations were dependent on the pedestal disparity (distance from fixation) whereas between-shape discriminations were not. The results suggest that a mechanism sensitive to higher-order disparity derivatives can achieve discrimination between different 3D shapes.

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Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese Feb 2013

Integration Of Speed Signals In The Direction Of Motion, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese

Dawn L Vreven

Speed discrimination tasks were used to examine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the integration mechanism involved when signals are extended in the direction of motion. We varied the aspect ratio of a signal patch whose speed differed from the background, while holding the area of the signal patch constant, so that the signal patch could be either extended in the direction of motion or extended orthogonal to the direction of motion. Speed discrimination thresholds decreased dramatically as the signal patch was extended in the direction of motion. The spatial and temporal integration regions were larger than would be expected …

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Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee Feb 2013

Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee

Dawn L Vreven

Recently (ARVO 2001) we showed that stereoacuity in 3D surfaces was affected by shape(flat vs. curved) and by the spatial distribution of disparity signals across the stimulus surface (disparate contours vs. random-dot stereograms). For equivalent amounts of disparity, curved uniform-luminance surfaces with disparate contours had much higher thresholds than flat uniform-luminance surfaces or curved random-dot surfaces. One explanation for this result is that spatially continuous disparity signals cause disparity detectors to interact. If an interaction does occur, it should be possible to measure its vertical and horizontal spatial extent. To this end, flat and curved 3D surfaces (2.3o sq.) were …

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Job Perceptions Of Citizenship Behavior And Deviance: Musings From Behind The Bar, Catherine R. Curtis Ph.D. Feb 2013

Job Perceptions Of Citizenship Behavior And Deviance: Musings From Behind The Bar, Catherine R. Curtis Ph.D.

Hospitality Review

The purpose of this research was to examine bartender workplace behavior. This study begins with a review of the literature pertaining to the job of bartending, and positive work behavior (citizenship) and negative (deviant) workplace behavior. Data was collected by semi-structured interview. The bartenders expressed instances of both behaviors and showed support for a newly termed citizenship behavior, norm avoidance.

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Political Attitudes Bias The Mental Representation Of A Presidential Candidate's Face, Alison I. Young, Kyle G. Ratner, Russell H. Fazio Feb 2013

Political Attitudes Bias The Mental Representation Of A Presidential Candidate's Face, Alison I. Young, Kyle G. Ratner, Russell H. Fazio

Faculty Scholarship – Psychology

Using a technique known as reverse correlation image classification, we demonstrate that the physical face of Mitt Romney represented in people’s minds varies as a function of their attitudes toward Mitt Romney. This provides evidence that attitudes bias how we see something as concrete and well-learned as the face of a political candidate during an election. Practically, this implies that citizens may not merely interpret political information about a candidate to fit their opinion, but that they may construct a political world where they literally see candidates differently.

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Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Krestar, Conor T. Mclennan Jan 2013

Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Krestar, Conor T. Mclennan

Psychology Faculty Publications

Emotional tone of voice (ETV) is essential for optimal verbal communication. Research has found that the impact of variation in nonlinguistic features of speech on spoken word recognition differs according to a time course. In the current study, we investigated whether intratalker variation in ETV follows the same time course in two long-term repetition priming experiments. We found that intratalker variability in ETVs affected reaction times to spoken words only when processing was relatively slow and difficult, not when processing was relatively fast and easy. These results provide evidence for the use of both abstract and episodic lexical representations for …

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Self-Defining Memories, Scripts, And The Life Story: Narrative Identity In Personality And Psychotherapy, Jefferson A. Singer, Pavel Blagov, Meredith Berry, Kathryn M. Oost Jan 2013

Self-Defining Memories, Scripts, And The Life Story: Narrative Identity In Personality And Psychotherapy, Jefferson A. Singer, Pavel Blagov, Meredith Berry, Kathryn M. Oost

Psychology Faculty Publications

An integrative model of narrative identity builds on a dual memory system that draws on episodic memory and a long-term self to generate autobiographical memories. Autobiographical memories related to critical goals in a lifetime period lead to life-story memories, which in turn become self-defining memories when linked to an individual's enduring concerns. Self-defining memories that share repetitive emotion-outcome sequences yield narrative scripts, abstracted templates that filter cognitive-affective processing. The life story is the individual's overarching narrative that provides unity and purpose over the life course. Healthy narrative identity combines memory specificity with adaptive meaning-making to achieve insight and well-being, as …

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