Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (8)
- Psychiatry and Psychology (8)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (5)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (4)
- Cognitive Neuroscience (4)
-
- Cognitive Psychology (4)
- Computational Neuroscience (4)
- Computer Sciences (4)
- Developmental Neuroscience (4)
- Discourse and Text Linguistics (4)
- First and Second Language Acquisition (4)
- Life Sciences (4)
- Linguistics (4)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (4)
- Semantics and Pragmatics (4)
- Developmental Psychology (3)
- Architectural History and Criticism (2)
- Architecture (2)
- Biological Psychology (2)
- Environmental Design (2)
- Historic Preservation and Conservation (2)
- Other Architecture (2)
- Urban Studies and Planning (2)
- Urban, Community and Regional Planning (2)
- Business (1)
- Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods (1)
- Personality and Social Contexts (1)
- Keyword
-
- Psychology (6)
- Cognition (3)
- LANGUAGE (3)
- Depth (2)
- Disparity (2)
-
- Executive function (2)
- Frontal lobes (2)
- Impulsiveness (2)
- Personality (2)
- Psychophysics (2)
- Age related cognitive decline (1)
- Circular cities (1)
- Contour (1)
- Emotion recognition (1)
- Environmental cognition and perception (1)
- Filling-in (1)
- Grid layout (1)
- Identity (1)
- Ideology (1)
- Orthogonal cities (1)
- Perception (1)
- Planning Theory (1)
- Post-victimhood (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Shape perception (1)
- Surface (1)
- Symbolism (1)
- Trauma (1)
- VISUO-SPATIAL (1)
- Victim (1)
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Cognition and Perception
Finding A Happier Ending: The Role Of Narrative In Post Traumatic Meaning-Making, Donna Henson
Finding A Happier Ending: The Role Of Narrative In Post Traumatic Meaning-Making, Donna Henson
Donna Henson
This chapter explores the intersections of meaning-making, the narrative construction of identity, and story-telling as implicated in the experience of post traumatic recovery. Based on the view of human-beings as storytellers, the intent here is to explicate the idea that victim recovery, that living post-victimhood, may be best achieved through the recognition that recovery is both outcome and process. Toward this end, the chapter presents a critical review of literature drawn primarily from the fields of psychology and communication, centering on contributions across the domains of post traumatic growth and narrative. Despite the unavoidable conclusion that there is no neat …
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
The present study examined a widely used self-report index of trait impulsiveness in relation to performance on a well-known neuropsychological executive function test in 70 university undergraduate students (50 women, 20 men) aged 18 to 24 years old. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), after which they performed the Tower Test of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. Hierarchical linear regression showed that after controlling for gender, current alcohol consumption, age at onset of weekly alcohol use, and FrSBe scores, BIS-11 significantly predicted Tower Test Achievement scores, b¼_.44, p
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Mike Lyvers
The present study examined a widely used self-report index of trait impulsiveness in relation to performance on a well-known neuropsychological executive function test in 70 university undergraduate students (50 women, 20 men) aged 18 to 24 years old. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), after which they performed the Tower Test of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. Hierarchical linear regression showed that after controlling for gender, current alcohol consumption, age at onset of weekly alcohol use, and FrSBe scores, BIS-11 significantly predicted Tower Test Achievement scores, b¼_.44, p
Trial By Trial Data, Rebecca A. Lundwall
Aggregated Data, Rebecca A. Lundwall
Conformist Opinion Shift As An Accommodation-Motivated Cognitive Experience In Strong And Weak Situations, Ka Yee Angela Leung, Wing Mun Evelyn Au, C-Y. Chiu
Conformist Opinion Shift As An Accommodation-Motivated Cognitive Experience In Strong And Weak Situations, Ka Yee Angela Leung, Wing Mun Evelyn Au, C-Y. Chiu
Ka Yee Angela LEUNG
The authors introduce accommodation motivation as an individual difference construct that predicts personal preference to display conformist opinion shift, or the tendency to align opinion of the self with that of the group. The authors hypothesize that the relationship between accommodation motivation and conformist opinion shift will be stronger when the situational press for conformity is weak. Having clarified the conceptual meaning of accommodation motivation, the authors present evidence from two experiments that accommodation-motivated individuals readily display conformist opinion shift in anticipation of discussing with disagreeing others when conformity demand is weak (vs. strong). The second experiment offers initial support …
Assessing Differences In Emotion Recognition And Short Term Memory For Young Old, Middle Old And Older Adults, Richard Hicks, Victoria Alexander, Mark Bahr
Assessing Differences In Emotion Recognition And Short Term Memory For Young Old, Middle Old And Older Adults, Richard Hicks, Victoria Alexander, Mark Bahr
Mark Bahr
Recently, age related cognitive decline has become an area of interest due to the maturing population. Research has identified that emotion recognition is likely to be affected by age related decline. It has also been suggested that memory subsystems may be responsible for decline. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether age related decline in emotion recognition could be accounted for by short term memory or visual memory. This study also expands on the aging literature as there is a paucity of research that compares aging across three age cohorts, as well as using relatively “young” participants. …
Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven
Psychophysical Evidence For 3d Shape Detectors, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
The visual system could determine the 3D shape of an object in one of two ways: 1) by comparing local disparity signals or 2) by coding disparity gradients directly with higher-level 3D shape detectors. If 3D shape detectors are used, then for equivalent disparities, observers should have lower stereoacuity thresholds between shapes than within shapes. Two psychophysical tasks support this hypothesis. Stimuli were 3D surfaces whose top and bottom edges lay in the fixation plane and whose centers contained crossed disparity. Surface disparity was signaled by disparate luminance contours at the right and left edges or by disparate random dots …
Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese
Contour Completion Through Depth Interferes With Stereoacuity, Dawn Vreven, Suzanne Mcvee, Preeti Verghese
Dawn L Vreven
Local disparity signals must interact in visual cortex to represent boundaries and surfaces of three-dimensional (3D) objects. We investigated how disparity signals interact in 3D contours and in 3D surfaces generated from the contours. We compared flat (single disparity) stimuli with curved (multi-disparity) stimuli. We found no consistent differences in sensitivity to contours vs. surfaces; for equivalent amounts of disparity, however, observers were more sensitive to flat stimuli than curved stimuli. Poor depth sensitivity for curved stimuli cannot be explained by the larger range of disparities present in the curved surface, nor by disparity averaging, nor by poor sensitivity to …
Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven
Adaptation To Interpolated Disparity, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
Three-dimensional interpolation occurs when observers perceive surfaces that vary smoothly in depth despite sparse or absent image disparity. The neural mechanism(s) responsible for 3D interpolation are unknown. One possibility is that local disparity or depth information is propogated into blank image regions (Mitchinson & McKee, 1985). An alternate possibility is that surface-based 3D shape detectors mediate interpolation (Domini et al., 2001; Wilcox & Duke, 2003). Can a stereoscopic after-effect be obtained from the interpolated region of a 3D surface? Stereoscopic after-effects are explained by fatigue among neural mechanisms tuned to different disparities. The interpolated region of a 3D surface, however, …
Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth
Dot Polarity In Dynamic Glass Patterns, Dawn Vreven, Timothy Petersik, Jim Dannemiller, Jamie Schrauth
Dawn L Vreven
Each frame of a Glass pattern consists of a random placement of dots and a spatially shifted copy of this pattern. Thus, each dot has a partner, forming dot-pair dipoles. When shown in succession, motion is perceived along the axis of the spatial shift. The perception of motion in dynamic Glass patterns is believed to be a two-stage process: first, local orientation detectors respond to the orientation signal in the dot-pair dipole; and second, global detectors integrate local orientation signals. We examined the ability to detect rotation in dynamic Glass patterns whose dipoles contained a) the same polarity, b) opposite …
3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven
3d Shape Discrimination Using Relative Disparity Derivatives, Dawn Vreven
Dawn L Vreven
Three-dimensional (3D) shape discrimination could be achieved using relative disparity signals or it could be achieved using a higher-order disparity derivative detector. Two 3D shape discrimination tasks were used to distinguish between these possibilities: a within-shape task and a between-shape task. Disparity thresholds were larger when discriminating within the same shape than when discriminating between shapes. More importantly, within-shape discriminations were dependent on the pedestal disparity (distance from fixation) whereas between-shape discriminations were not. The results suggest that a mechanism sensitive to higher-order disparity derivatives can achieve discrimination between different 3D shapes.
Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee
Configuration Effects In The Stereoprocessing Of 3d Surfaces, Dawn Vreven, Preeti Verghese, Suzanne Mckee
Dawn L Vreven
Recently (ARVO 2001) we showed that stereoacuity in 3D surfaces was affected by shape(flat vs. curved) and by the spatial distribution of disparity signals across the stimulus surface (disparate contours vs. random-dot stereograms). For equivalent amounts of disparity, curved uniform-luminance surfaces with disparate contours had much higher thresholds than flat uniform-luminance surfaces or curved random-dot surfaces. One explanation for this result is that spatially continuous disparity signals cause disparity detectors to interact. If an interaction does occur, it should be possible to measure its vertical and horizontal spatial extent. To this end, flat and curved 3D surfaces (2.3o sq.) were …
Semantic Knowledge For Famous Names In Mild Cognitive Impairment, M Seidenberg, L Guidotti, Kristy Nielson, J Woodard, S Durgerian, Q Zhang, A Gander, M Franczak, P Antuono, S Rao
Semantic Knowledge For Famous Names In Mild Cognitive Impairment, M Seidenberg, L Guidotti, Kristy Nielson, J Woodard, S Durgerian, Q Zhang, A Gander, M Franczak, P Antuono, S Rao
Kristy Nielson
Person identification represents a unique category of semantic knowledge that is commonly impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but has received relatively little investigation in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study examined the retrieval of semantic knowledge for famous names from three time epochs (recent, remote, and enduring) in two participant groups: 23 amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients and 23 healthy elderly controls. The aMCI group was less accurate and produced less semantic knowledge than controls for famous names. Names from the enduring period were recognized faster than both recent and remote names in both groups, and remote names …
Mixture Of Random Effects For Individual Learning Curves, Sally Wood, Edward Cripps, Robert Wood
Mixture Of Random Effects For Individual Learning Curves, Sally Wood, Edward Cripps, Robert Wood
Sally Wood
In the pyschology literature individuals are often classified as entity theorists or incrementalists. In this paper we explore the different learning behaviours over time of these two groups. To assess learning an individual is assigned a task and their performance on the task is measured over a number of trials. Learning behaviour is modelled as a mixture of two random effects, where the random effects components of the mixture correspond to increased learning and spiralling behaviour. We find significant differences in the learning behaviours of the two groups. Specifically those individuals who are categorized as entity theorists are more likely …
Temporally Graded Activation Of Neocortical Regions In Response To Memories Of Different Ages, J Woodard, M Seidenberg, Kristy Nielson, S Miller, M Franczak, P Antuono, K Douville, S Rao
Temporally Graded Activation Of Neocortical Regions In Response To Memories Of Different Ages, J Woodard, M Seidenberg, Kristy Nielson, S Miller, M Franczak, P Antuono, K Douville, S Rao
Kristy Nielson
The temporally graded memory impairment seen in many neurobehavioral disorders implies different neuroanatomical pathways and/or cognitive mechanisms involved in storage and retrieval of memories of different ages. A dynamic interaction between medial-temporal and neocortical brain regions has been proposed to account for memory’s greater permanence with time. Despite considerable debate concerning its time-dependent role in memory retrieval, medial-temporal lobe activity has been well studied. However, the relative participation of neocortical regions in recent and remote memory retrieval has received much less attention. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate robust, temporally graded signal differences in posterior cingulate, right middle frontal, …
An Evaluation Of Distinct Volumetric And Functional Mri Contributions Toward Understanding Age And Task Performance: A Study In The Basal Ganglia, S Langenecker, E Briceno, N Hamid, Kristy Nielson
An Evaluation Of Distinct Volumetric And Functional Mri Contributions Toward Understanding Age And Task Performance: A Study In The Basal Ganglia, S Langenecker, E Briceno, N Hamid, Kristy Nielson
Kristy Nielson
Prior work by our group and others has implicated the basal ganglia as important in age-related differences in tasks involving motor response control. The present study used structural and functional MRI approaches to analyze this region of interest (ROI) toward better understanding the contributions of structural and functional MRI measures to understanding age-related and task performance-related cognitive differences. Eleven healthy elders were compared with 11 healthy younger adults while they completed the “go” portion of a complex Go/No-go task. Separate ROI's in the bilateral caudate (C) and putamen/globus pallidus (PGp) were studied based upon previous findings of age-related functional MRI …
Age-Related Functional Recruitment During The Recognition Of Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, Kristy Nielson, K Douville, M Seidenberg, J Woodard, S Miller, P Antuono, M Franczak, S Rao
Age-Related Functional Recruitment During The Recognition Of Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, Kristy Nielson, K Douville, M Seidenberg, J Woodard, S Miller, P Antuono, M Franczak, S Rao
Kristy Nielson
Recent neuroimaging research shows that older adults exhibit recruitment, or increased activation on various cognitive tasks. The current study evaluated whether a similar pattern also occurs in semantic memory by evaluating age-related differences during recognition of Recent (since the 1990s) and Enduring (1950s to present) famous names. Fifteen healthy older and 15 healthy younger adults performed the name recognition task with a high and comparable degree of accuracy, although older adults had slower reaction time in response to Recent famous names. Event-related functional MRI showed extensive networks of activation in the two groups including posterior cingulate, right hippocampus, temporal lobe …
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity For Recognition Of Recent And Remote Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, K Douville, J Woodard, M Seidenberg, S Miller, C Leveroni, Kristy Nielson, M Franczak, P Antuono, S Rao
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity For Recognition Of Recent And Remote Famous Names: An Event-Related Fmri Study, K Douville, J Woodard, M Seidenberg, S Miller, C Leveroni, Kristy Nielson, M Franczak, P Antuono, S Rao
Kristy Nielson
Previous neuroimaging studies examining recognition of famous faces have identified activation of an extensive bilateral neural network [Gorno Tempini, M. L., Price, C. J., Josephs, O., Vandenberghe, R., Cappa, S. F., Kapur, N. et al. (1998). The neural systems sustaining face and proper-name processing. Brain, 121, 2103–2118], including the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and specifically the hippocampal complex [Haist, F., Bowden, G. J., & Mao, H. (2001). Consolidation of human memory over decades revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1139–1145; Leveroni, C. L., Seidenberg, M., Mayer, A. R., Mead, L. A., Binder, J. R., & Rao, S. …
Comparability Of Functional Mri Response In Young And Old During Inhibition, Kristy Nielson, Scott Langenecker, T Ross, H Garavan, S Rao, E Stein
Comparability Of Functional Mri Response In Young And Old During Inhibition, Kristy Nielson, Scott Langenecker, T Ross, H Garavan, S Rao, E Stein
Kristy Nielson
When using fMRI to study age-related cognitive changes, it is important to establish the integrity of the hemodynamic response because, potentially, it can be affected by age and disease. However, there have been few attempts to document such integrity and no attempts using higher cognitive rather than perceptual or motor tasks. We used fMRI with 28 healthy young and older adults on an inhibitory control task. Although older and young adults differed in task performance and activation patterns, they had comparable hemodynamic responses. We conclude that activation during cognitive inhibition, which was predominantly increased in elders, was not due to …
Differences In The Functional Neuroanatomy Of Inhibitory Control Across The Adult Life Span, Kristy Nielson, Scott Langenecker, H Garavan
Differences In The Functional Neuroanatomy Of Inhibitory Control Across The Adult Life Span, Kristy Nielson, Scott Langenecker, H Garavan
Kristy Nielson
Inhibitory control, the ability to suppress irrelevant or interfering stimuli, is a fundamental cognitive function that deteriorates during aging, but little is understood about the bases of decline. Thus, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study inhibitory control in healthy adults aged 18 to 78. Activation during successful inhibition occurred predominantly in right prefrontal and parietal regions and was more extensive, bilaterally and prefrontally, in the older groups. Presupplementary motor area was also more active in poorer inhibitory performers. Therefore, older adults activate areas that are comparable to those activated by young adults during inhibition, as well …
An Fmri Study Of Bilingual Sentence Comprehension And Workload, Mihoko Hasegawa, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
An Fmri Study Of Bilingual Sentence Comprehension And Workload, Mihoko Hasegawa, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
The Neural Bases Of Sentence Comprehension: A Fmri Examination Of Syntactic And Lexical Processing, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
The Neural Bases Of Sentence Comprehension: A Fmri Examination Of Syntactic And Lexical Processing, Timothy A. Keller, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Collaborative Activity Between Parietal And Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex In Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Fmri, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Collaborative Activity Between Parietal And Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex In Dynamic Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Fmri, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar, Patricia A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
The Neural Basis Of Strategy And Skill In Sentence-Picture Verification, Erik D. Reichle, Patricia A. A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
The Neural Basis Of Strategy And Skill In Sentence-Picture Verification, Erik D. Reichle, Patricia A. A. Carpenter, Marcel Adam Just
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
An Agentive Model Of Person-Environment Relations, Nicholas Patricios
An Agentive Model Of Person-Environment Relations, Nicholas Patricios
Nicholas Patricios
Three fundamentally different positions regarding the conceptualization of person‐environment relations are briefly discussed. An argument is made for the transactional‐constructivist position which regards the nature of what we take to be the environment as that which is only apprehended through the minds and actions of persons. The transformational process of this view of person‐environment relations, that of environmental knowing‐action, is elaborated upon in some detail. The transactional‐constructivist position, however, is transformed into an agentive one by adopting from the three basic images of persons that have been identified that of a person as agent. Consequently in the agentive process of …
The Conceptual Determinants Of Two Archetypal City Forms, Nicholas Patricios
The Conceptual Determinants Of Two Archetypal City Forms, Nicholas Patricios
Nicholas Patricios
The two urban spatial forms analyzed from a cosmological point of view are the circular and the orthogonal. The circular symbolism of the Near Eastern cities is considered first followed by the Plato's theoretical city of Atlantis and then the ideal cities of the Renaissance architects. Circular cities of the 19th century, those of the Utopian Socialists, had in contrast an ideological basis. In addition to the practical basis for the orthogonal layout conceptual influences are evident in the grid cities of the ancient Greeks, in the Spanish Laws of the Indies, and those cities designed later to express the …