Psychology Commons^™

A Comparison Of The Political Personalities Of 1996 U.S. Presidential Candidates Bill Clinton And Bob Dole, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

This paper employs the conceptual framework of Theodore Millon to examine and compare the political personalities of President Bill Clinton and Senator Bob Dole. Information pertaining to President Clinton and Senator Dole was gathered from published material and employed to generate a personality profile using the Millon-Type Political Personality Checklist (MPPC).

The assessment revealed that President Clinton’s primarily personality patterns were Asserting/self-promoting and Outgoing/gregarious, with secondary features of the Complaining/discontented, Controlling/forceful, and Agreeing/cooperative patterns. Senator Dole’s primarily personality patterns were Controlling/aggressive and Conforming/regimented, with secondary features of the Asserting/self-promoting and Complaining/negativistic patterns.

The personality profiles yielded by the MPPC are …

The Effect Of Child Gender On Parent Ratings Of Temperament And Behavior, Brent Beck

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Parent ratings of their children play a significant role in the assessment process. However, past research on rating scales has focused largely on teacher ratings. Less frequent studies on parent rating scales have predominant!}' used mothers' ratings and omitted fathers' ratings. In addition, research comparing parent ratings have produced inconsistent results when describing effects of gender of the child and rater. In this study, parents of 35 three to five-year-old preschoolers rated their child on the Temperament Assessment Battery for Children: Parent Form (T AB-R) and the Conners Parent Rating Scales-48 (CPRS-48). Adequate reliability for mothers and father ratings were …

Applying Informal Cooperative Learning Groups Techniques In The Classroom, Susan L. Murray

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The application of informal cooperative learning (CL) groups techniques in the courses including operation research, and computer simulation, is discussed. The informal CL activities can be accomplished in small groups consisting of two or three students. It increases student participation and revitalizing passive lecturers. Students work example problems or homework problems in groups.

The Encoding Of Frequency Information As An Automatic Process: A Quantitative Review, Kellie Goedart

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

People use information on how often events occur as the basis for many decisions they must make. For example, it has been shown that people will credit a statement as being more true the more frequently they have heard it. Additionally, probability information derived from observations of the frequency of occurrence of events has been shown to play a role in concept formation. One of the primary controversies in the study of how individuals process frequency information revolves around the contention that the encoding of frequency information is an automatic process (one that requires little or no attentional capacity and …

The Autistic Child: Intervention Strategies, Kristie Jackson

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

With autistic individuals, several intervention strategies have been developed--such as facilitated communication (FC), picture exchange systems, and sensory and auditory integration training--to help them relate to the world around them. Time and technology have indeed brought about many techniques for developing the communication skills of autistic individuals, but the tried-and-true behavior modification therapy (BMT) still proves to be the most effective. If other strategies do work, it is because behavior modification has been incorporated.

Situation Awareness: In Search Of Meaning, John M. Flach

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychological Science In Cultural Context, Kenneth J. Gergen, A. Gulerce, A. Lock, G. Misra

Psychology Faculty Works

When one understands psychological science To be a by-product of the Western tradition, fashioned by particular cultural and historical conditions, the door is opened to a fresh consideration of the practice of psychology in the global context. By using examples from experiences in Turkey, New Zealand, and India, the reader is sensitized first to the problems inherent in the unreflective exportation of Western psychology. To presume Western concepts of the mind, along with its methods of study, not only lends itself to research of little relevance to other cultures, bur disregards and undermines alternate cultural traditions. Against these tendencies toward …

Behavioral Stress Modifies Hippocampal Plasticity Through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Jeansok J. Kim, Michael R. Foy, Richard F. Thompson

Psychological Science Faculty Works

Behavioral stress has detrimental effects on subsequent cognitive performance in many species, including humans. For example, humans exposed to stressful situations typically exhibit marked deficits in various learning and memory tasks. However, the underlying neural mechanisms by which stress exerts its effects on learning and memory are unknown. We now report that in adult male rats, stress (i.e., restraint plus tailshock) impairs long-term potentiation (LTP) but enhances long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, a structure implicated in learning and memory processes. These effects on LTP and LTD are prevented when the animals were given CGP39551 (the …

Tolerance: Should We Approve Of It, Put Up With It, Or Tolerate It?, Barry Schwartz

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Rats In Bliss: A Minimal-Deviation Model Of Ratio Schedule Performance, Jennifer Bredthauer '96

Honors Projects

The minimum-deviation theory predicts that an organism will seek to minimize the behavioral distance between an unconstrained baseline and constrained conditions caused by reinforcement schedules (Staddon, 1979). According to the performance model proposed by Allison (1983), behavior under scheduled constraint will come as close as possible to an unconstrained "bliss point" or behavioral ideal. The present study examined applications of these models to fixed ratio (FR) schedules. Six rats were first exposed to a paired baseline procedure to establish their individual bliss points. Each rat was then exposed to a series of two fixed ratio schedules: FR 2 and FR …

Immunolesions Using Site Specific Injections Of 192-Lgg Saporin Into The Basal Forebrain Fail To Affect Radial Arm Maze Performance In The Male Rat, Lesley J. Hickman '96

Honors Projects

In this study I investigated the effects of 192-lgG saporin injections into the medial septal area.(MSA) and nucleus basalis magnocel/ularis (NBM) on radial arm maze performance in the male rat. The results of the present study reveal that combined injections of 192-lgG saporin into the basal forebrain failed to disrupt RAM performance when compared to vehicle-injected controls. In addition, intraperitoneal injections using a muscarinic receptor blocker, scopolamine, failed to reveal a compensatory response of the cholinergic basal forebrain that may have explained the lack of behavioral effects of 192IgG saporin. Consequently, the results of this study suggest that a selective …

Social Assemblages And Mating Relationships In Prairie Dogs: A Dna Fingerprint Analysis, Steven E. Travis, Con Slobodchikoff, Paul Kefan

Reproductive Behavior Collection

Mating system characterizations have been hindered by difficulties in accurately assigning parentage to offspring. We investigated the relationship between social assemblages and mating relationships in a territorial harem polygynous mammal, the Gunnison's prairie dog, using a combination of behavioral and molecular analyses. We demonstrate multiple paternity and an extraordinarily high incidence of extraterritorial fertilizations (i.e., 61% of all progeny), in combination with the existence of female kin groups. On this basis, we conclude that social assemblages alone provide a poor description of the Gunnison's prairie dog mating system, and suggest several potential reasons for the maintenance of territoriality in this …

Separating The Wheat From The Tares: Evaluating Christian Theories Of Personality And Counseling, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

The Authoritarian Personality And Economic Distress, Kenneth Hinton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

In this study, I combined the personality and social indicator approaches of authoritarianism to determine if these separate approaches reflect similar constructs, and also examined whether economic distress increases authoritarianism and its internal coherence. The writer, in contrast with the time-series designs used in previous social-indicator studies, controlled for extraneous historical events by sampling individuals within the same time period. One hundred and sixty-one employed and 41 unemployed adult manufacturing workers completed a ninety-five-item questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a short version of the right-wing authoritarianism scale (RWA), items reflecting the social indicators of authoritarianism, and both objective (family income, employment …

Development Of Gender Differences In Risk Perception, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Ann) Wood

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Women have, in many studies, rated environmental and health hazards as more risky and less acceptable than men rate the same risks. Biologically-based sex differences fail to provide an adequate explanation, however, as gender differences do not hold true in non-white populations. Ratings by minority males and females, in fact, both correspond roughly to those of white females. Other possible explanations, such as differences in familiarity, are also refuted, as gender differences are found when there are no differences in familiarity. Some explanations cite different socialization patterns for men and women, but this would probably be expected among minority populations …

Avoidance Behavior In The Elderly Driver, Mark Graves

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Do older drivers modify their driving habits in response to functional impairment? Older drivers who avoid challenging driving situations were compared with non-avoiders, to determine whether functional limitations were related to avoidance and whether avoidance is related to reducing crash risk. Results showed that, on the average, older drivers reported avoiding driving at night, on high traffic roads, on high speed roads, and in rush hour traffic while not avoiding left turns, driving in the rain, and driving alone. Subjects were placed into groups based on their cognitive and visual abilities. It was found that older drivers with an impaired …

Making Life Choices : Facilitating Identity Formation In Young Adults, Steven L. Berman

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation makes a contribution to the growing literature on identity formation by formulating, implementing, and testing the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention, the Making Life Choices (MLC) Workshops, designed to facilitate the process of identity formation. More specifically, the MLC Workshops were designed to foster the development and use of critical cognitive and communicative skills and competencies in choosing and fulfilling life goals and values. The MLC Workshops consist of a psychosocial group intervention that includes both didactic and group experiential exercises. The primary research question for this study concerned the effectiveness of the MLC Workshop relative to a …

Visual Aftereffect Of Texture Density Contingent On Color Of Frame, Frank H. Durgin

Psychology Faculty Works

An aftereffect of perceived texture density contingent on the color of a surrounding region is reported. In a series of experiments, participants were adapted, with fixation, to stimuli in which the relative density of two achromatic texture regions was perfectly correlated with the color presented in a surrounding region. Following adaptation, the perceived relative density of the two regions was contingent on the color of the surrounding region or of the texture elements themselves. For example, if high density on the left was correlated with a blue surround during adaptation (and high density on the right with a yellow surround), …

Groups Are Unpredictably Transformed By Their Internal Dynamics, R Scott Tindale

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Childhood Tomboyism And Adult Androgyny, Shawn Meghan Burn, A. Kathleen O'Neil, Shirley Nederend

Psychology and Child Development

Female university and community college students (N = 194) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and a 12-item tomboyism index. Subjects were predominantly Euro-American (71%). A multiple regression analysis was used to test the prediction that androgyny and masculinity would significantly predict tomboyism scores. The proportion of variance in tomboyism accounted for by masculinity was significant, but once masculinity was entered, no additional predictive value was added by the entry of androgyny or femininity. Tomboyism was not related to the development of expressive qualities such as compassion and sensitivity to the needs of others. However, tomboyism was positively related to some …

The Effects Of Blocking On Selective Attention In Visual Search, Kristen Lewandowski '96

Honors Projects

In studies of attention in visual search, older adults consistently perform more poorly than young adults. In most visual attention computer tasks, simple, conjunction, and unconfounded trials are presented randomly. This study explores the possibility that older adults are slower than young adults at changing their search strategies to match each type of trial. If this is the case, blocking the trials together so that the subject sees a series of each type of trial should allow the older adults to perfect their search strategies, giving them reaction times similar to those of young adults. In this experiment, 14 young …

The Effects Of Visual Field Size On Search Performance, Heather A. Lang '96

Honors Projects

In the fields of both cognitive development and cognitive aging, similar patterns of performance on selective attention tasks have been found between children and older adults. Presently, there exist few studies of selective attention across the lifespan. A 1995 study by Shapiro, Shapiro, Cointin, and Forbes addressed this absence through investigating search performance in a cross-sectional, life-span study. In the Shapiro et al. study, a compelling pattern of performance was found: in conjunction conditions, which require serial searches, older adults' performance differed significantly from the younger adults' performance across increasing display size only in target absent trials. The present study …

Studying Elephants: Awf Technical Handbook Series #7, Robert H.I. Dale

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Book review for the following title:

Studying Elephants: AWF Technical Handbook Series #7. Edited by Kadzo Kangwana, Nairobi, Kenya: African Wildlife Foundation, 1996, 186 pages. $15 S&H.

Short-Term Versus Long-Term Group Work With Female Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Brief Meta-Analytic Review, Tanya L. De Jong, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

This meta-analytic review synthesizes the findings of seven published independent studies dealing with group work with female survivors of childhood sexual abuse, and compares the effectiveness of short-term versus long-term methods. Across-study summative findings were: (1) generally, group work has large beneficial effects upon female survivors' affect and self-esteem-three-quarters of the group participants improve; (2) no extant empirical evidence supports the differential effectiveness of either short-term or long-term groups; and (3) only one study to date has reported the size of long-term methods' clinical effect. In short, the question of the differential effectiveness of short- versus long-term group work with …

A Gene Correlate Of Geotaxis Near Adh (2-50.1) In Drosophila Melanogaster, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Jerry Hirsch

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

As part of a long-term study (38+ years) to identify genetic correlates of geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster, the investigators report the results of allozyme-level analyses of 2 lines derived from hybridizing high- and low-selected lines that have evolved stable, extreme expressions of geotaxis. Allelic variation at Adh was associated with geotactic performance in 1 hybrid-derived line, but not in another, after 66 free-mating generations beyond the F₂ generation. A second-chromosome gene correlate of geotaxis may lie within 1 map unit of Adh. Population genetic analyses suggest that there were different selection pressures on the hybrid-derived lines and …

Functioning And Well-Being Of Patients In A Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Clinic, Steven A. Epstein, Junius Gonzales, Patricia Stockton, David M. Goldstein, Bonnie L. Green

Publications from Provost Junius J. Gonzales

Outpatient consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry clinics are valuable settings for research and teaching endeavors. However, little is known about psychiatric symptoms and health status of persons treated in such settings. In this study, 80 persons seen in an outpatient C-L psychiatry clinic were compared with 100 persons seen in a mood disorder clinic on a variety of self-report instruments. Outpatient C-L clinic patients were found to have significantly poorer health status than mood clinic patients on the following domains as measured by the RAND instrument: general health perception, pain, physical functioning, and role functioning due to physical problems. Both groups had …

Quantity-Based Interference And Symbolic Representations In Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), S. T. Boysen, G. G. Berntson, M. B. Hannan, J. T. Cacioppo

Sentience Collection

Five chimpanzees with training in counting and numerical skills selected between 2 arrays of different amounts of candy or 2 Arabic numerals. A reversed reinforcement contingency was in effect, in which the selected array was removed and the subject received the nonselected candies (or the number of candies represented by the nonselected Arabic numeral). Animals were unable to maximize reward by selecting the smaller array when candies were used as array elements. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, all animals showed an immediate shift to a more optimal response strategy of selecting the smaller numeral, thereby receiving …

Taking Evolution Seriously: A Matter Of Primate Intelligence, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

Intelligence Collection

No abstract provided.

Bachelor Of Science In Psychology 1996, Nova Southeastern University

CPS Undergraduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Center For Psychological Studies 1996-1997 Catalog, Nova Southeastern University

CPS Postgraduate Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.