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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
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- Religion (12)
- Spirituality (11)
- Catholic (9)
- Health (9)
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- Consciousness (7)
- Emotion (7)
- Ethics (7)
- Exercise (6)
- Humans (6)
- Psychology (6)
- Social comparison (6)
- Social support (6)
- Assessment (5)
- COVID-19 (5)
- Culture (5)
- Group faultlines (5)
- Marriage (5)
- Mental health (5)
- Priest (5)
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- Cognition (4)
- Faith (4)
- Female (4)
- Jesuit (4)
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- Performance (4)
- Word learning (4)
- Adolescent (3)
- Altered states of consciousness (3)
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Articles 271 - 300 of 306
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Faith And Health: What Do We Know?, Thomas G. Plante
Faith And Health: What Do We Know?, Thomas G. Plante
Psychology
There has been a great deal of interest in the relationship between religious faith and health for thousands of years. Regardless of religious tradition, many have sought religious guidance and spiritual support to help prevent, recover from, or cope with both mental and physical health problems. In fact, it was the healing miracles of Jesus that resulted in so much commotion during the early part of his ministry. "The blind see, the deaf hear, the lame walk…" clearly highlights the relationship between faith and health.
Spirituality In Late Adulthood, Lisa M. Heintz, Imants Barušs
Spirituality In Late Adulthood, Lisa M. Heintz, Imants Barušs
Psychology
MacDonald's Expressions of Spirituality Inventory was used to examine spirituality in late adulthood using a sample of 30 people (22 women, 8 men) whose mean age was 72.6 yr. While average scores are higher on scales measuring spiritual and religious beliefs and practices for the sample than for a standardization group of undergraduate students with a mean age of 21.0 yr., means are lower on scales measuring paranormal beliefs. Low scores on death anxiety are correlated only with Existential Well-being and age. And, while some religious behaviors such as frequent religious practice, prayer, and church attendance are correlated with some …
Failure To Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon, Imants Barušs
Failure To Replicate Electronic Voice Phenomenon, Imants Barušs
Psychology
Electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) refers to the purported manifestation of voices of the dead and other discarnate entities through electronic means. This has typically involved tuning radios between stations and recording the output on audiotape, although more recently anomalous voices, visual images and text have purportedly been found using telephones, television sets and computers in a phenomenon known as instrumental transcommunication. Given the lack of documentation of EVP in mainstream scientific journals, a review of its history is given based on English language information found in psychical research and parapsychology periodicals and various trade publications and newsletters. An effort was …
The Art Of Science: Science Of The Future In Light Of Alterations Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs
The Art Of Science: Science Of The Future In Light Of Alterations Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs
Psychology
In presenting the data concerning altered states of consciousness in an even-handed manner, I have found that I cannot at the outset assume that materialism is the correct theory of reality. As demonstrated by survey data, the beliefs about consciousness and reality of academics and scientists who could write about consciousness in the academic literature range along a material-transcendent dimension from materialist through conservatively transcendent to extraordinarily transcendent positions, each with its corresponding notions of consciousness and proper methodology. Scientists need to undertake a process of self-examination in order to determine their personal beliefs and learn to set them aside …
Tobacco Use Among Latinos, Gerardo Marín
Religious Faith And Mental Health Outcomes, Thomas G. Plante, Naveen K. Sharma
Religious Faith And Mental Health Outcomes, Thomas G. Plante, Naveen K. Sharma
Psychology
In this chapter we review recent research regarding the relationship between religious faith/spirituality and mental health outcomes, as well as provide directions for future research and discussion. The specific aspects of mental health and illness that we focus on include well-being, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. We also briefly discuss research pertaining to religious faith and personality disorders, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, and bipolar disorder.
Research On Faith And Health: New Appoaches To Old Questions, Thomas G. Plante, Allen C. Sherman
Research On Faith And Health: New Appoaches To Old Questions, Thomas G. Plante, Allen C. Sherman
Psychology
Does religious faith influence health? Are religious practices associated with altered risks for morbidity or mortality? Do religious or spiritual individuals tend to enjoy better well-being or mental health across the lifespan? Does spiritual or religious involvement change the way individuals adapt to the demands of chronic illness? This volume brings together some of the leading investigators who have explored these intriguing questions. Though research is in its early phases, the chapters that follow review some of what we have learned and begin to trace the outlines of the many mysteries that remain.
Implementation Of Empirically Validated Interventions In Managed Care Settings: The Premarital Relationship Enhancement Program (Prep), Kieran T. Sullivan, Dalia Goldschmidt
Implementation Of Empirically Validated Interventions In Managed Care Settings: The Premarital Relationship Enhancement Program (Prep), Kieran T. Sullivan, Dalia Goldschmidt
Psychology
In an age of managed care, how does the clinician best help couples in marital distress? Do the short-term protocols developed and tested in the laboratory really work in the average clinical setting? This project examined the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a laboratory-based program designed to prevent the development of relationship distress within a health maintenance organization. Both men and women reported high satisfaction with the program and a subjective sense that it was helpful for their relationships. Specific suggestions are made for assisting therapists in using effective treatments for couples in managed care settings.
Overview Of Consciousness Research, Imants Barušs
Overview Of Consciousness Research, Imants Barušs
Psychology
The purpose of this paper is to orient the reader to the contemporary scientific study of consciousness. One of the most noticeable features of research concerning consciousness is that there are three domains of discourse, the physiological, computational and experiential, each with its own methodology, and concerns. While confusion is often expressed about what it is that one is discussing, there are four main categories of definitions of the term consciousness: consciousness is the registration, processing and acting on information; behavioural consciousness is the explicit knowledge of one's situation, mental states or actions as demonstrated by one's behaviour; subjective consciousness …
Psychopathology Of Altered States Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs
Psychopathology Of Altered States Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Remote Episodic Memory Deficits In Patients With Unilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy And Excisions, Indre Viskontas, M. P. Mcandrews, M. Moscovitch
Remote Episodic Memory Deficits In Patients With Unilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy And Excisions, Indre Viskontas, M. P. Mcandrews, M. Moscovitch
Psychology
The nature of remote memory impairment in patients with medial temporal lobe damage is the subject of some debate. While some investigators have found that retrograde amnesia in such patients is temporally graded, with relative sparing of remote memories (Squire and Alvarez, 1995), others contend that impairment is of very long duration and that remote memories are not necessarily spared (Sanders and Warrington, 1971; Nadel and Moscovitch, 1997). In this study, remote memory was assessed in 25 patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy and 22 non-neurologically impaired controls using the Autobiographical Memory Interview (Kopelman et al., 1989). Results indicate that …
Subjective Culture In Health Interventions, Gerardo Marín
Subjective Culture In Health Interventions, Gerardo Marín
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Utilization Of Mental Health Services, Kevin M. Chun, P D. Akutsu
Utilization Of Mental Health Services, Kevin M. Chun, P D. Akutsu
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Social Support In Marriage: Translating Research Into Practical Applications For Clinicians, Kieran T. Sullivan, Lauri A. Pasch, Kathleen A. Eldridge, Thomas N. Bradbury
Social Support In Marriage: Translating Research Into Practical Applications For Clinicians, Kieran T. Sullivan, Lauri A. Pasch, Kathleen A. Eldridge, Thomas N. Bradbury
Psychology
How spouses support one another may be important in understanding and preventing marital distress, but has received relatively little attention. Instead, the behavioral model of marriage and corresponding treatment protocols have focused on the importance of good conflict management skills in preventing and treating marital distress. This paper outlines recent research indicating that couples social support skills predict marital outcome two years later, above and beyond conflict management skills. These results indicate that successful prevention and treatment programs may need to incorporate support skills training as well as conflict management training. Practical implications of this research are outlined, and specific …
A Proposed Psychological Assessment Protocol For Applicants To Religious Life In The Roman Catholic Church, Thomas G. Plante, Marcus T. Boccaccini
A Proposed Psychological Assessment Protocol For Applicants To Religious Life In The Roman Catholic Church, Thomas G. Plante, Marcus T. Boccaccini
Psychology
This paper proposes a psychological assessment protocol for applicants to religious life in the Roman Catholic church. While most Catholic religious orders, seminaries, and dioceses require applicants to complete some type of psychological evaluation prior to entrance into seminary, there is no established standard or protocol suggested for conducting these evaluations. The current proposed assessment protocol provides those conducting or receiving these evaluations with a comprehensive foundation from which they can add or delete components to meet their specific needs. Furthermore, the utilization of a standard clergy assessment protocol creates the opportunity for the establishment of a national database useful …
Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality Of Participants At ‘Tucson Ii’, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality Of Participants At ‘Tucson Ii’, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Psychology
In previous studies we had found correlations between the material-transcendent dimension underlying the Western intellectual tradition and the diversity of ideas concerning consciousness. In the course of our work we developed the Beliefs About Consciousness and Reality Questionnaire that could be used for measuring fundamental beliefs about consciousness and reality. A survey of participants at the scientific meeting Toward a Science of Consciousness 1996 “Tucson II” was conducted using this questionnaire. Results from 212 respondents indicated scores substantially in the transcendent direction, both for scales underlying the questionnaire as well as for some of its individual items, relative to a …
A Comparative Survey Of Job Prospects For The Period 1991-1996, Matthew C. Bell, Adam S. Goodie
A Comparative Survey Of Job Prospects For The Period 1991-1996, Matthew C. Bell, Adam S. Goodie
Psychology
How discouraging is the job market for young scientists these days? It seems that most scientists who have tried to land a job in· recent years can tell you, unambiguously, "Very." Are prospects bleaker for some experimental psychologists than for others? To us, it subjectively seemed so. In an effort to answer this question more rigorously. we analyzed issues of the APS Observer Employment Bulletin, published by the American Psychological Society, from 1991-1996. Admittedly, the number of classified ads for jobs in a specific category is only one index of the job prospects for that category, but it is a …
Legal Socialization Effects On Democratization, Ellen S. Cohn, Susan O. White
Legal Socialization Effects On Democratization, Ellen S. Cohn, Susan O. White
Psychology
As is the case with all our joint publications, this article represents a genuine research collaboration between the authors, with equal contributions. Therefore, neither is first or second author. This article uses data from a collaborative project that grew out of the Law and Society Associations Working Group on Orientations toward Law and Normative Ordering‘. Ellen S. Cohn, lames L. Gibson, Susan O. White, Joseph Sanders, Joan McCord, and Felice Levine were responsible for the development and implementation of the research design. Funding for the project was provided by the (US) National Science Foundation (SE 13237 and SIR 11403). Our …
Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality: Highlights Of Tucson Ii Consciousness Study, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality: Highlights Of Tucson Ii Consciousness Study, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Personality Expectations And Perceptions Of Roman Catholic Clergy Members, Thomas G. Plante, Marcus T. Boccaccini
Personality Expectations And Perceptions Of Roman Catholic Clergy Members, Thomas G. Plante, Marcus T. Boccaccini
Psychology
This study examined the expectations of Roman Catholic priests' personality characteristics. Personality measures (i.e., Symptom Check List-90-Revised, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, Belief in Personal Control Scale, and several authordesigned measures) were administered to 102 undergraduate students. The subjects' perceptions of Roman Catholic priests' personality traits were examined by having the subjects complete the Personality Adjective Checklist (PACL) describing a typical Roman Catholic priest. These scores were compared to PACL scores from 12 successful applicants to the priesthood. Findings suggest that subjects tend to view Roman Catholic priests stereotypically as authority figures and that Catholic subjects view priests more positively than do …
Personality Characteristics Of Successful Applicants To The Priesthood, Thomas G. Plante, Gerdenio Manuel, Jeannette Tandez
Personality Characteristics Of Successful Applicants To The Priesthood, Thomas G. Plante, Gerdenio Manuel, Jeannette Tandez
Psychology
This study investigated personality characteristics of successful pastoral candidates to a major Catholic religious order. Personality measures (i.e., MMPI-2 and 16PF) were administered to 21 male applicants between 1990 and 1994 who subsequently entered into religious life. Results suggest that these clergy applicants were generally well-adjusted, socially responsible, and interpersonally sensitive. However, results also suggest a tendency for defensiveness. Coping with perceived negative impulses (i.e., anger and hostility) may also be an issue for many. Implications for future research are offered.
Evidence That Luminant And Equiluminant Motion Signals Are Integrated By Directionally Selective Mechanisms, Susan Heidenreich, G L. Zimmerman
Evidence That Luminant And Equiluminant Motion Signals Are Integrated By Directionally Selective Mechanisms, Susan Heidenreich, G L. Zimmerman
Psychology
Three experiments tested whether motion information for nonequiluminant (luminant) and equiluminant dots affects direction judgments when both types of stimuli are moving simultaneously in the same display. The motion directions for the two sets of dots were manipulated to produce four direction differences (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). The equiluminant dots were moved in a perfectly correlated fashion, but the percentage of correlated motion for the luminant dots was varied. When subjects judged whether the directions of the equiluminant and luminant dots were the same or different, performance for the conditions with 0°, 60°, and 90° difference improved as the …
Competence During Middle Childhood, J. M. Neiderhiser, Shirley Mcguire
Competence During Middle Childhood, J. M. Neiderhiser, Shirley Mcguire
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Nonshared Environment In Middle Childhood, Shirley Mcguire, J. Dunn
Nonshared Environment In Middle Childhood, Shirley Mcguire, J. Dunn
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Development Of Athletes Conceptions Of Sport Officials Authority, David W. Rainey, Nicholas R. Santilli, Kevin Fallon
Development Of Athletes Conceptions Of Sport Officials Authority, David W. Rainey, Nicholas R. Santilli, Kevin Fallon
Psychology
This study examined baseball players' conceptions of umpires' authority. Eighty male players, ages 6-22 years, completed an abbreviated Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks (Furth, 1970), which was used to measure cognitive development. They then heard recorded scenarios describing conflicts with an umpire and a parent. Players indicated if they would argue with the authorities, why they obey the authorities (obedience), and why the authorities get to make decisions (legitimacy). Obedience and legitimacy responses were categorized into Damon's (1977) three levels. Measures of arguing, obedience, and legitimacy were analyzed for four age levels and three levels of cognitive development. Older and …
Measurement Of Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Measurement Of Beliefs About Consciousness And Reality, Imants Barušs, Robert J. Moore
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Judgment Bias In Baseball Umpires First Base Calls: A Computer Simulation, Janet D. Larsen, David W. Rainey
Judgment Bias In Baseball Umpires First Base Calls: A Computer Simulation, Janet D. Larsen, David W. Rainey
Psychology
Tested 39 baseball umpires and 39 undergraduates, using a computer simulation of 1st-base calls to determine the role of the prior entry phenomenon in close plays. Because umpires are directed to focus their attention on an auditory stimulus (ball hitting the glove), they may experience prior entry of the auditory stimulus, resulting in safe runners being called out. There were more errors when runners were just safe and safe because of a tie than when runners were just out, indicating that prior entry occurred in the simulations. This was more pronounced among umpires than controls.
Optical Models Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs
Gender Differences In Salary Expectations When Current Salary Information Is Provided, Beth G. Martin
Gender Differences In Salary Expectations When Current Salary Information Is Provided, Beth G. Martin
Psychology
No abstract provided.
Categorical Modelling Of Husserl's Intentionality, Imants Barušs
Categorical Modelling Of Husserl's Intentionality, Imants Barušs
Psychology
No abstract provided.