Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Visual Search Array Structure And Satisfaction Of Search Errors: Evidence From Eye Movements, Leah Gloskey

Psychology

Multiple-target visual searches are susceptible to errors when the recognition of one target hinders the detection of another. This phenomenon is known as "satisfaction of search" (SOS; Tuddenham, 1962) or more recently "subsequent search misses" (SSM; Cain, et al. 2013). Although this phenomenon was first identified in radiology, SSM errors extend beyond the medical domain. Exploring SSM errors in proofreading, this study examines whether the discovery of one misspelled word interferes with the detection of a second misspelled word amongst other correctly spelled words. Manipulating the display structure of task, it is hypothesized that the pattern of SSM errors may …

Seeing Beyond Political Affiliations: The Mediating Role Of Perceived Moral Foundations On The Partisan Similarity-Liking Effect, Kathryn Bruchmann, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Aaron Scherer

Psychology

Decades of research have demonstrated that we like people who are more similar to us. The present research tested a potential mechanism for this similarity-liking effect in the domain of politics: the stereotype that people’s political orientation reflects their morals. People believe that Democrats are more likely to endorse individualizing morals like fairness and Republicans are more likely to endorse binding morals like obedience to authority. Prior to the 2016 election, American participants (N = 314) viewed an ostensible Facebook profile that shared an article endorsing conservative ideals (pro-Trump or pro-Republican), or liberal ideals (pro-Clinton or pro-Democrat). Participants rated the …

Rhyme And Word Placement In Storybooks Support High-Level Verb Mapping In 3- To 5-Year-Olds, Kirsten Read, Jacqueline Quirke

Psychology

High-level verbs can be especially challenging for young children to initially map to meaning. This study manipulated the format of a storybook designed to support such verb learning from shared reading. We tested whether 3- to 5-year-olds (n = 38) could remember the referents of eight new verbs when presented as essential actions within a narrative story but with differences in placement. Children were randomly assigned to either a rhymed condition, in which target verbs were heard at the end of rhyming stanzas making them maximally appreciable, or a control condition, where the verbs were presented in the same …

Empathy And Negative Reciprocity As Predictors Of Third-Party Punishment, Olivia Johansen

Psychology

What motivates us to punish others? Individual differences dictate most of our behaviors, so our beliefs about fairness and retribution play into the type and degree of punishment we administer. Past work has highlighted the significant negative correlation between empathy and punishment, but a potentially stronger predictor of punishment behavior exists. This study pits empathic concern against negative norms about reciprocity to see which is a better predictor of punishment behavior in an economic goods game. We predicted that the negative reciprocity would be a better predictor of punishment than empathy, but ultimately found that empathy prevailed as the stronger …

Effects Of Stereotype Threat On Black And White Individuals’ Verbal Responses In Police Encounters, Samantha N. Strine

Psychology

I examined whether Black and White individuals have different verbal behaviors in police encounters and, if so, whether stereotype threat explains these differences. This question is important because police officers use certain verbal behaviors as evidence of deception. Thus, unconscious behaviors arising from concern about being stereotyped as a criminal could cause Black men to be perceived by police as suspicious and, in turn, contribute to discrepancies in police treatment of Black versus White men. In this study, Black and White men interacted with a White security officer in a staged encounter that varied in stereotype relevance (low or high). …

Developmental Changes In Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1 In The Postnatal Dentate Gyrus, Danielle Fico

Psychology

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) has been established as a key modulator in the stress response. Areas of research have primarily focused on brain regions that control the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, extensive research has yet to be conducted on the CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) in the dentate gyrus, a region associated with memory functions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate age-related changes in CRFR1 in the granule layer and the hilus layer of the dentate gyrus in CRFR1 reporter mice at three different age groups; pre-pubertal (p21), adult (p90), and old (22-24 months) age. The results of …

Social Justice Disaster Relief, Counseling, And Advocacy: The Case Of The Northern California Wildfires, Daniela Domínguez

Psychology

Using our professional experiences with natural disaster relief, as well as existing theory, the authors introduce an equity-oriented framework— Social Justice Disaster Relief, Counseling, and Advocacy. We then present the case of the 2017 Northern California wildfires using responses from 259 individuals who were living in the region of the Northern California wildfires—the most destructive fires in California state history. We collected qualitative and demographic data on each participant three months after the fires ended. Qualitative data included detailed written reflections to a prompt from each participant in response to an online questionnaire. A thematic analysis using open, axial, and …

Promoting Hope, Healing, And Wellness: Catholic Interventions In Behavioral Health Care, Thomas G. Plante, Gerdenio Manuel S.J.

Psychology

In this chapter, we will outline, highlight, and review some of the Catholic traditions and pastoral tools that can be integrated into any professional clinical practice in behavioral health care. We will focus our attention on six tools in particular that are particularly popular and unique within the Catholic faith tradition. We will also offer brief case illustrations to provide examples of how these Catholic tools can be effectively integrated into professional clinical practice.

Perceived Fitness And Exercise Intensity Can Predict Exercise Enjoyment, Thomas G. Plante, Marily Oppezzo, Brendan Tran, L. Aislinn Diaz

Psychology

The goal of the study was to investigate the potential interplay of environmental, physiological, and psychological factors with exercise enjoyment. Eighty female undergraduate students at a private, West Coast university participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: control (C), in which the participant exercised alone; talking (T), in which the participant exercised with two confederates who provided “small talk” conversation; and no talking (NT), in which the participant was told she/he had been randomly selected not to wear headphones while the two confederates would wear them. Although experimental group assignment was unrelated to …

Asian Americans Respond Less Favorably To Excitement (Vs. Calm)-Focused Physicians Compared To European Americans, Tamara Sims, Birgit Koopmann-Holm, Henry Young, Da Jiang, Helene Fung, Jeanne L. Tsai

Psychology

OBJECTIVES:

Despite being considered a "model minority," Asian Americans report worse health care encounters than do European Americans. This may be due to affective mismatches between Asian American patients and their European American physicians. We predicted that because Asian Americans value excitement (vs. calm) less than European Americans, they will respond less favorably to excitement-focused (vs. calm) physicians.

METHOD:

In Study 1, 198 European American, Chinese American, and Hong Kong Chinese community adults read a medical scenario and indicated their preference for an excitement-focused versus calm-focused physician. In Study 2, 81 European American and Asian American community college students listened …