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Articles 3001 - 3030 of 4597
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Visual Effects And Object Identification Using Eye-Tracking, Jonathan Rosch
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Visual Effects And Object Identification Using Eye-Tracking, Jonathan Rosch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The visual content represented on information displays used in training environments prescribe display attributes as brightness, color, contrast, and motion blur, but considerations regarding cognitive processes corresponding to these visual features require further attention in order to optimize the display for training applications. This dissertation describes an empirical study with which information display features, specifically color and motion blur reduction, were investigated to assess their impact in a training scenario involving visual search and threat detection. Presented in this document is a review of the theory and literature describing display technology, its applications to training, and how eye-tracking systems can …
Modeling Annual Water Balance In The Seasonal Budyko Framework, Negin Alimohammadi
Modeling Annual Water Balance In The Seasonal Budyko Framework, Negin Alimohammadi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, the role of soil water storage change on the annual water balance is evaluated based on observations at a large number of watersheds located in a spectrum of climate regions, and an annual water balance model is developed at the seasonal scale based on Budyko hypthesis. The annual water storage change is quantified based on water balance closure given the available data of precipitation, runoff, and evaporation estimated from remote sensing data and meteorology reanalysis. The responses of annual runoff, evaporation, and storage change to the interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation are then analyzed. Both …
Random Transformations Of Optical Fields And Applications, Thomas Kohlgraf-Owens
Random Transformations Of Optical Fields And Applications, Thomas Kohlgraf-Owens
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The interaction of optical waves with material systems often results in complex, seemingly random fields. Because the fluctuations of such fields are typically difficult to analyze, they are regarded as noise to be suppressed. Nevertheless, in many cases the fluctuations of the field result from a linear and deterministic, albeit complicated, interaction between the optical field and the scattering system. As a result, linear systems theory (LST) can be used to frame the scattering problem and highlight situations in which useful information can be extracted from the fluctuations of the scattered field. Three fundamental problems can be posed in LST …
Developing Surface Engineered Liquid Crystal Droplets For Sensing Applications, Tanmay Bera
Developing Surface Engineered Liquid Crystal Droplets For Sensing Applications, Tanmay Bera
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Diagnosis plays a very crucial role in medicine and health care, which makes biosensors extremely important in modern technological context. Till date, various types of biosensors have been developed that are capable of detecting a wide range of biologically important species with great sensitivity and selectivity. However, most of these sensing units require highly sophisticated instrumentation and often lack the desired portability. Liquid crystal (LC) droplets, on the other hand, are a new type of functional material that are finding increasing research attention as a new sensing unit due to their tunable optical property, high surface area, portability and cost-effectiveness. …
Understanding The Role Of Defects In The Radiation Response Of Nanoceria, Amit Kumar
Understanding The Role Of Defects In The Radiation Response Of Nanoceria, Amit Kumar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nanoscale cerium oxide (nanoceria) have shown to possess redox active property , and has been widely studied for potential use in catalysis, chemical-mechanical planarization, biomedical and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), etc. The redox state of nanoceria can be tuned by controlling the defects within the lattice and thus its physical and chemical properties. Perfect ceria lattice has fluorite structure and the research in last decade has shown that oxide and mixed oxide systems with pyrochlore and fluorite have better structural stability under high energy radiation. However, the current literature shows a limited number of studies on the effect of …
Optimization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plants, Steven Emanoel Rizea
Optimization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Power Plants, Steven Emanoel Rizea
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A proprietary Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) modeling tool, the Makai OTEC Thermodynamic and Economic Model (MOTEM), is leveraged to evaluate the accuracy of finite-time thermodynamic OTEC optimization methods. MOTEM is a full OTEC system simulator capable of evaluating the effects of variation in heat exchanger operating temperatures and seawater flow rates. The evaluation is based on a comparison of the net power output of an OTEC plant with a fixed configuration. Select optimization methods from the literature are shown to produce between 93% and 99% of the maximum possible amount of power, depending on the selection of heat exchanger …
Aerodynamic Characteristics Of A Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser With An Accompanying Exhaust Collection System, Bryan Bernier
Aerodynamic Characteristics Of A Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser With An Accompanying Exhaust Collection System, Bryan Bernier
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The effects of an industrial gas turbine’s Exhaust Collector Box (ECB) geometry on static pressure recovery and total pressure loss were investigated in this study experimentally and computationally. This study aims to further understand how exit boundary conditions affect the performance of a diffuser system as well as the accuracy of industry standard computational models. A design of experiments approach was taken using a Box-Behnken design method for investigating three geometric parameters of the ECB. In this investigation, the exhaust diffuser remained constant through each test, with only the ECB being varied. A system performance analysis was conducted for each …
Algorithms For Rendering Optimization, Jared Johnson
Algorithms For Rendering Optimization, Jared Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation explores algorithms for rendering optimization realizable within a modern, complex rendering engine. The first part contains optimized rendering algorithms for ray tracing. Ray tracing algorithms typically provide properties of simplicity and robustness that are highly desirable in computer graphics. We offer several novel contributions to the problem of interactive ray tracing of complex lighting environments. We focus on the problem of maintaining interactivity as both geometric and lighting complexity grows without effecting the simplicity or robustness of ray tracing. First, we present a new algorithm called occlusion caching for accelerating the calculation of direct lighting from many light …
Coupled Usage Of Discrete Hole And Transpired Film For Better Cooling Performance, Michael Torrance
Coupled Usage Of Discrete Hole And Transpired Film For Better Cooling Performance, Michael Torrance
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Electricity has become so ingrained in everyday life that the current generation has no knowledge of life without it. The majority of power generation in the United States is the result of turbines of some form. With such widespread utilization of these complex rotating machines, any increase in efficiency translates into improvements in the current cost of energy. These improvements manifest themselves as reductions in greenhouse emissions or possible savings to the consumer. The most important temperature regarding turbine performance is the temperature of the hot gas entering the turbine, denoted turbine inlet temperature. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature allows …
Diffusion And Reaction In Selected Uranium Alloy System, Ke Huang
Diffusion And Reaction In Selected Uranium Alloy System, Ke Huang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
U-Mo metallic fuels with Al alloys as the matrix/cladding are being developed as low enriched uranium fuels under the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) program. Significant interactions have been observed to occur between the U-Mo fuel and the Al alloy during fuel processing and irradiation. U-Zr metallic fuels with stainless steel claddings have been developed for the generation IV sodium fast reactor (SFR). The fuel cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) induced by the interdiffusion of components was also observed. These interactions induce deleterious effects on the fuel system, such as thinning of the cladding layer, formation of phases …
Applications Of Volume Holographic Elements In High Power Fiber Lasers, Apurva Jain
Applications Of Volume Holographic Elements In High Power Fiber Lasers, Apurva Jain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this thesis is to explore the use of volume holographic elements recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass for power scaling of narrow linewidth diffraction-limited fiber lasers to harness high average power and high brightness beams. Single fiber lasers enable kW level output powers limited by optical damage, thermal effects and non-linear effects. Output powers can be further scaled using large mode area fibers, however, at the cost of beam quality and instabilities due to the presence of higher order modes. The mechanisms limiting the performance of narrow-linewidth large mode area fiber lasers are investigated and solutions using …
A Comprehensive Severity Analysis Of Large Vehicle Crashes, Haluk Laman
A Comprehensive Severity Analysis Of Large Vehicle Crashes, Haluk Laman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this thesis is to determine the contributing factors affecting severe traffic crashes (severe: incapacitating and fatal - non-severe: no injury, possible injury, and non-incapacitating), and in particular those factors influencing crashes involving large vehicles (heavy trucks, truck tractors, RVs, and buses). Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) crash reports of 2008 have been used. The data included 352 fatalities and 9,838 injuries due to large vehicle crashes. Using the crashes involving large vehicles, a model comparison between binary logit model and a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) decision tree model is provided. There were …
Processing, Characterization And Performance Of Carbon Nanopaper Based Multifunctional Nanocomposites, Fei Liang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) used as nano-scale reinforcement have been extensively studied since they are capable of improving the physical and mechanical properties of conventional fiber reinforced polymer composites. However, the properties of CNFs are far away from being fully utilized in the composites due to processing challenges including the dispersion of CNFs and the viscosity increase of polymer matrix. To overcome these issues, a unique approach was developed by making carbon nanopaper sheet through the filtration of well-dispersed carbon nanofibers under controlled processing conditions, and integrating carbon nanopaper sheets into composite laminates using autoclave process and resin transfer molding (RTM). …
Complex-Valued Adaptive Digital Signal Enhancement For Applications In Wireless Communication Systems, Ying Liu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent decades, the wireless communication industry has attracted a great deal of research efforts to satisfy rigorous performance requirements and preserve high spectral efficiency. Along with this trend, I/Q modulation is frequently applied in modern wireless communications to develop high performance and high data rate systems. This has necessitated the need for applying efficient complex-valued signal processing techniques to highly-integrated, multi-standard receiver devices. In this dissertation, novel techniques for complex-valued digital signal enhancement are presented and analyzed for various applications in wireless communications. The first technique is a unified block processing approach to generate the complex-valued conjugate gradient Least …
A Study Of Localization And Latency Reduction For Action Recognition, Syed Zain Masood
A Study Of Localization And Latency Reduction For Action Recognition, Syed Zain Masood
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The success of recognizing periodic actions in single-person-simple-background datasets, such as Weizmann and KTH, has created a need for more complex datasets to push the performance of action recognition systems. In this work, we create a new synthetic action dataset and use it to highlight weaknesses in current recognition systems. Experiments show that introducing background complexity to action video sequences causes a significant degradation in recognition performance. Moreover, this degradation cannot be fixed by fine-tuning system parameters or by selecting better feature points. Instead, we show that the problem lies in the spatio-temporal cuboid volume extracted from the interest point …
Multiobjective Design Optimization Of Gas Turbine Blade With Emphasis On Internal Cooling, Narasimha Nagaiah
Multiobjective Design Optimization Of Gas Turbine Blade With Emphasis On Internal Cooling, Narasimha Nagaiah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the design of mechanical components, numerical simulations and experimental methods are commonly used for design creation (or modification) and design optimization. However, a major challenge of using simulation and experimental methods is that they are timeconsuming and often cost-prohibitive for the designer. In addition, the simultaneous interactions between aerodynamic, thermodynamic and mechanical integrity objectives for a particular component or set of components are difficult to accurately characterize, even with the existing simulation tools and experimental methods. The current research and practice of using numerical simulations and experimental methods do little to address the simultaneous “satisficing” of multiple and often …
Gradient Based Mrf Learning For Image Restoration And Segmentation, Kegan Samuel
Gradient Based Mrf Learning For Image Restoration And Segmentation, Kegan Samuel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The undirected graphical model or Markov Random Field (MRF) is one of the more popular models used in computer vision and is the type of model with which this work is concerned. Models based on these methods have proven to be particularly useful in low-level vision systems and have led to state-of-the-art results for MRF-based systems. The research presented will describe a new discriminative training algorithm and its implementation. The MRF model will be trained by optimizing its parameters so that the minimum energy solution of the model is as similar as possible to the ground-truth. While previous work has …
Agglomeration, Evaporation And Morphological Changes In Droplets With Nanosilica And Nanoalumina Suspensions In An Acoustic Field, Erick Tijerino
Agglomeration, Evaporation And Morphological Changes In Droplets With Nanosilica And Nanoalumina Suspensions In An Acoustic Field, Erick Tijerino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Acoustic levitation permits the study of droplet dynamics without the effects of surface interactions present in other techniques such as pendant droplet methods. Despite the complexities of the interactions of the acoustic field with the suspended droplet, acoustic levitation provides distinct advantages of controlling morphology of droplets with nanosuspensions post precipitation. Droplet morphology is controlled by vaporization, deformation and agglomeration of nanoparticles, and therefore their respective timescales are important to control the final shape. The balance of forces acting on the droplet, such as the acoustic pressure and surface tension, determine the geometry of the levitated droplet. Thus, the morphology …
Optical Fluid-Based Photonic And Display Devices, Su Xu
Optical Fluid-Based Photonic And Display Devices, Su Xu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conventional solid-state photonic devices exhibit an ultra-high optical performance and durability, but minimal adaptability. Recently, optical fluid-based photonic and display devices are emerging. By dynamically manipulating the optical interface formed by liquids, the optical output can be reconfigured or adaptively tuned in real time. Such devices exhibit some unique characteristics that are not achievable in conventional solid-state photonic devices. Therefore, they open a gateway for new applications, such as image and signal processing, optical communication, sensing, and lab-on-a-chip, etc. Different operation principles of optical fluidbased photonic devices have been proposed, for instance fluidic pressure, electrochemistry, thermal effect, environmentally adaptive hydrogel, …
A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-Based Coagulants For Treatment Of Surface Water In Sarasota County, Florida, David Yonge
A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-Based Coagulants For Treatment Of Surface Water In Sarasota County, Florida, David Yonge
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this research, five different coagulants were evaluated to determine their effectiveness at removing turbidity, color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a surface water in Sarasota County, Florida. Bench-scale jar tests that simulated conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes were used. Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH)) were used to treat a highly organic surface water supply (DOC ranging between 10 and 30 mg/L), known as the Cow Pen Slough, located within central Sarasota County, Florida. Isopleths depicting DOC and color removal efficiencies as a function …
Low Voltage Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Displays, Linghui Rao
Low Voltage Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Displays, Linghui Rao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
From cell phones, laptops, desktops, TVs, to projectors, high reliability LCDs have become indispensable in our daily life. Tremendous progress in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) has been made after decades of extensive research and development in materials, device configurations and manufacturing technology. Nowadays, the most critical issue on viewing angle has been solved using multidomain structures and optical film compensation. Slow response time has been improved to 2-5 ms with low viscosity LC material, overdrive and undershoot voltage, and thin cell gap approach. Moving image blur has been significantly reduced by impulse driving and frame insertion. Contrast ratio in excess …
Surface Acoustic Wave (Saw) Cryogenic Liquid And Hydrogen Gas Sensors, Brian Fisher
Surface Acoustic Wave (Saw) Cryogenic Liquid And Hydrogen Gas Sensors, Brian Fisher
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research was born from NASA Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) need for passive, wireless and individually distinguishable cryogenic liquid and H2 gas sensors in various facilities. The risks of catastrophic accidents, associated with the storage and use of cryogenic fluids may be minimized by constant monitoring. Accidents involving the release of H2 gas or LH2 were responsible for 81% of total accidents in the aerospace industry. These problems may be mitigated by the implementation of a passive (or low-power), wireless, gas detection system, which continuously monitors multiple nodes and reports temperature and H2 gas presence. Passive, wireless, cryogenic liquid level …
Detecting, Tracking, And Recognizing Activities In Aerial Video, Vladimir Reilly
Detecting, Tracking, And Recognizing Activities In Aerial Video, Vladimir Reilly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we address the problem of detecting humans and vehicles, tracking them in crowded scenes, and finally determining their activities in aerial video. Even though this is a well explored problem in the field of computer vision, many challenges still remain when one is presented with realistic data. These challenges include large camera motion, strong scene parallax, fast object motion, large object density, strong shadows, and insufficiently large action datasets. Therefore, we propose a number of novel methods based on exploiting scene constraints from the imagery itself to aid in the detection and tracking of objects. We show, …
Microscopic Assessment Of Transportation Emissions On Limited Access Highways, Hatem Abou-Senna
Microscopic Assessment Of Transportation Emissions On Limited Access Highways, Hatem Abou-Senna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
On-road vehicles are a major source of transportation carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas emissions in all the developed countries, and in many of the developing countries in the world. Similarly, several criteria air pollutants are associated with transportation, e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). The need to accurately quantify transportation-related emissions from vehicles is essential. Transportation agencies and researchers in the past have estimated emissions using one average speed and volume on a long stretch of roadway. With MOVES, there is an opportunity for higher precision and accuracy. Integrating a microscopic traffic simulation model (such …
Geospatial Assessment Of Sustainable Built Infrastructure Assets And Flood Disaster Protection, Alper Durmus
Geospatial Assessment Of Sustainable Built Infrastructure Assets And Flood Disaster Protection, Alper Durmus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research was initiated with a review and synthesis of infrastructure related to city and urban growth, built infrastructure to meet transportation needs and travel demand, and role of mass transit in reducing adverse impacts on the environment and greenhouse gas emissions. Floods are the most frequently occurring natural disaster in the world, which so far claimed millions of lives and resulted in billion-dollar economic costs. Built infrastructure assets in urban and rural areas are not spared from floods' aftermath. A major motivation for this thesis was the 2011 megaflood disaster of Thailand which devastated the green campus of Asian …
Determination Of Cutoff Frequencies Of Simple Waveguides Using Finite Difference Method, Sridhar Kolagani
Determination Of Cutoff Frequencies Of Simple Waveguides Using Finite Difference Method, Sridhar Kolagani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Monitoring And Modeling To Estimate Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions And Dispersion From Florida Construction And Demolition Landfills To Construct Odor Buffering Distances, Steven Jeffrey Bolyard
Monitoring And Modeling To Estimate Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions And Dispersion From Florida Construction And Demolition Landfills To Construct Odor Buffering Distances, Steven Jeffrey Bolyard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from construction and demolition (C & D) landfills can result in odors that are a significant nuisance to nearby neighborhoods and businesses. As Florida’s population continues to grow and create development pressures, housing is built closer to existing landfills. Additionally, new landfills will be created in the future. This research project was undertaken to develop a detailed modeling methodology for use by counties and other landfill owners to provide them with an objective and scientifically defensible means to establish odor buffer zones around C & D landfills. A technique for estimating methane (and odorous gas) …
Land Use Effects On Energy And Water Balance-Developing A Land Use Adapted Drought Index, Chi Han Cheng
Land Use Effects On Energy And Water Balance-Developing A Land Use Adapted Drought Index, Chi Han Cheng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts in all parts of the United States (US). Snow packs are disappearing earlier in the spring and summer, with reduced stream-flow. Lower reservoir levels, higher temperatures, and greater precipitation variability have been observed. Drought events in the US have threatened drinking water supplies for communities in Maryland and Chesapeake Bay as observed in 2001 through September 2002; Lake Mead in Las Vegas in 2000 through 2004; Peace River and Lake Okeechobee in South Florida in 2006; and Lake Lanier in Atlanta, Georgia in 2007. ENSO influences the …
Image Degradation Due To Surface Scattering In The Presence Of Aberrations, Narak Choi
Image Degradation Due To Surface Scattering In The Presence Of Aberrations, Narak Choi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on the scattering phenomena by well-polished optical mirror surfaces. Specifically, predicting image degradation by surface scatter from rough mirror surfaces for a two-mirror telescope operating at extremely short wavelengths (9nm~30nm) is performed. To evaluate image quality, surface scatter is predicted from the surface metrology data and the point spread function in the presence of both surface scatter and aberrations is calculated. For predicting the scattering intensity distribution, both numerical and analytic methods are considered. Among the numerous analytic methods, the small perturbation method (classical Rayleigh-Rice surface scatter theory), the Kirchhoff approximation method (classical BeckmanKirchhoff surface scatter theory), …
Analysis And Design Optimization Of Resonant Dc-Dc Converters, Xiang Fang
Analysis And Design Optimization Of Resonant Dc-Dc Converters, Xiang Fang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development in power conversion technology is in constant demand of high power efficiency and high power density. The DC-DC power conversion is an indispensable stage for numerous power supplies and energy related applications. Particularly, in PV micro-inverters and front-end converter of power supplies, great challenges are imposed on the power performances of the DC-DC converter stage, which not only require high efficiency and density but also the capability to regulate a wide variation range of input voltage and load conditions. The resonant DC-DC converters are good candidates to meet these challenges with the advantages of achieving soft switching and …