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Articles 91 - 120 of 201
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Modeling, Control, And Motion Analysis Of A Class Of Extensible Continuum Manipulators, Apoorva Kapadia
Modeling, Control, And Motion Analysis Of A Class Of Extensible Continuum Manipulators, Apoorva Kapadia
All Dissertations
In this dissertation, the development of a kinematic model, a configuration-space controller, a master-slave teleoperation controller, along with the analysis of the self-motion properties for redundant, extensible, continuous backbone (continuum) ``trunk and tentacle' manipulators are detailed. Unlike conventional rigid-link robots, continuum manipulators are robots that can bend at any point along their backbone, resulting in new and unique modeling and control issues. Taken together, these chapters represent one of the first efforts towards devising model-based controllers of such robots, as well as characterizing their self-motion in its simplest form.
Chapter 2 describes the development of a convenient set of generalized, …
Hydraulic Impact Of Porosity Distribution And Hydrologic Characterization Of Porous Pavements, William Martin
Hydraulic Impact Of Porosity Distribution And Hydrologic Characterization Of Porous Pavements, William Martin
All Dissertations
This research focused on the hydrologic characterization of porous pavement and pavement properties that can affect its hydraulic behavior. The first of these properties investigated was the presence of a vertical porosity distribution which can significantly impact the infiltration rate. A method utilizing image analysis was tested and experimentally verified. The representative elemental area (REA) was needed for this imaging method and was found to be 83.9 cm2 (13 in2). To convert the porosity distribution into a permeability distribution the relationship between porosity and permeability was found using homogenous samples. From the resulting permeability distribution an effective permeability was found …
Implantable Biosensors For Physiologic Status Monitoring During Hemorrhage, Christian Kotanen
Implantable Biosensors For Physiologic Status Monitoring During Hemorrhage, Christian Kotanen
All Dissertations
Trauma diagnostics and management are major aims of research for implantable amperometric enzyme biosensor technology. Biosensors are capable of monitoring metabolic variables in a minimally invasive manner and have great potential to augment current wireless vital sign monitoring technologies in order to make a more robust physiologic status monitoring platform. The dual responsive Electrochemical Cell-on-a-Chip Microdisc Electrode Array (ECC MDEA 5037) is a recently developed electrochemical transducer for use in a wireless, implantable biosensor system for the continuous measurement of interstitial glucose and lactate. Hyperglycemia arising from insulin resistance and hyperlactatemia arising from anaerobic metabolism both occur following trauma and …
Development Of A Rating System To Measure The Vulnerability Of Residential Homes To Natural Hazards, Corey Cattano
Development Of A Rating System To Measure The Vulnerability Of Residential Homes To Natural Hazards, Corey Cattano
All Dissertations
Hurricanes and tropical storms continue to damage the United States coastline where population migration increases and tourism thrives. Extended dry spells, high winds, and hot summers in the Mountain and Pacific West regions promote ideal conditions for seemingly uncontrollable wildfires. Additionally, the increased frequency of unstable climate conditions foretells signs of Mother Nature not letting up. With recent events such as Superstorm Sandy and the Waldo Canyon wildfires in mind, there is a strong need to improve hazard mitigation techniques in residential homes and encourage resilient building methods. Research within this field is challenging due to the lack of descriptive …
Robust Design Optimization: Ensuring Robustness Against Uncertainty In Structural Design, Zhifeng Liu
Robust Design Optimization: Ensuring Robustness Against Uncertainty In Structural Design, Zhifeng Liu
All Dissertations
In structural design, if robustness is overlooked in design process, the acquired design is likely to have large variation in its performance due to uncertainties. In that there is no design specification that explicitly considers the robustness against such uncertainties, this dissertation elucidates design methodologies for use in selecting the optimal design parameters to minimize the effect of the hard to reduce or irreducible uncertainties on structural performance, i.e., maximizing the robustness. However, due to limited resources, structural designs are also constrained by available resources and budget. Consequently, in that a tradeoff relationship exists between the robustness and cost (i.e. …
Automated Complexity Based Assembly Time Estimation Method, Essam Namouz
Automated Complexity Based Assembly Time Estimation Method, Essam Namouz
All Dissertations
The overall goal of this research is to create an automated assembly time estimation method that is accurate and repeatable in an effort to reduce the analysis time required in estimating assembly times. Often, design for assembly (DFA) approaches are not used in industry due to the amount of time required to train engineers in the use of DFA, the time required to conduct the analysis, and the product level of detail needed. To decrease the analysis time and effort required in implementing the assembly time estimation portion of DFA, a tool is needed to estimate the assembly time of …
Feeling For Failure: Haptic Force Perception Of Soft Tissue Constraints In A Simulated Minimally Invasive Surgery Task, Lindsay Long
Feeling For Failure: Haptic Force Perception Of Soft Tissue Constraints In A Simulated Minimally Invasive Surgery Task, Lindsay Long
All Dissertations
In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the ability to accurately interpret haptic information and apply appropriate force magnitudes onto soft tissue is critical for minimizing bodily trauma. Force perception in MIS is a dynamic process in which the surgeon's administration of force onto tissue results in useful perceptual information which guides further haptic interaction and it is hypothesized that the compliant nature of soft tissue during force application provides biomechanical information denoting tissue failure. Specifically, the perceptual relationship between applied force and material deformation rate specifies the distance remaining until structural capacity will fail, or indicates Distance-to-Break (DTB). Two experiments explored …
Factors Controlling Synthesis Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles And The Effect Of Surface Charge On Magnetic Hyperthermia, Bin Qi
All Dissertations
ABSTRACT
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been widely studied in the theranostics application due to their promising magnetic properties, low cytotoxicity and attractive biocompatibility. Despite the numerous studies on the kinetic mechanisms of IONPs synthesis and thus the resulting size, shape and crystallinity; there are still considerable unsolved issues in quantitatively depicting the dependence between particle morphology and the reaction conditions.
To begin to explain some of these phenomena, the kinetic mechanism for the morphology and crystalline changes of IONPs with the ligand/precursor ratio in nanoparticle synthesis was investigated. During the synthesis of nanoparticles via thermal decomposition of iron precursors, …
Miniature Concrete Prism Test - A New Test Method For Evaluating The Asr Potential Of Aggregates, The Effectiveness Of Asr Mitigation And The Job Mixture, Enamur Latifee
All Dissertations
Existing test methods to characterize ASR potential of aggregates and mitigation ability of supplementary cementing materials such as the Accelerated Mortar Bar Test (AMBT) and the Concrete Prism Test (CPT) are widely accepted in the industry. Although, the AMBT is a rapid test, the results from this test can be unreliable, particularly with certain types of aggregates. The CPT is considered as a more reliable test; however, the duration of this test method renders it impractical for routine usage in the industry to screen deleterious materials or inefficient ASR mitigation measures. This research presents a new test method-Miniature Concrete Prism …
Mobile Robot Navigation For Person Following In Indoor Environments, Ninad Pradhan
Mobile Robot Navigation For Person Following In Indoor Environments, Ninad Pradhan
All Dissertations
Service robotics is a rapidly growing area of interest in robotics research. Service robots inhabit human-populated environments and carry out specific tasks. The goal of this dissertation is to develop a service robot capable of following a human leader around populated indoor environments. A classification system for person followers is proposed such that it clearly defines the expected interaction between the leader and the robotic follower. In populated environments, the robot needs to be able to detect and identify its leader and track the leader through occlusions, a common characteristic of populated spaces. An appearance-based person descriptor, which augments the …
Optimizing Scm Proportions To Meet Multiple Performance Characters Of Ternary Concrete Mixtures Using Simplex-Centroid Design And Analysis Techniques, Sujay Math
All Dissertations
High performance concrete mixtures often contain multiple cementitious components. Among these, cement is the most expensive in addition to having a higher carbon footprint. Life cycle assessment of cement production reveals that the cement content is the most important factor in determining a concrete mixture's embodied energy and carbon footprint. Compressive strength, an important property of concrete, is directly related to the quantity of cement used in the mixture. However, higher quantities of cement lead to durability issues. The increased concerns about the durability of concrete over the past decade have increased focus on improving the long-term performance of concrete …
Towards Viable Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Rahul Amin
Towards Viable Large Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Rahul Amin
All Dissertations
We explore radio resource allocation and management issues related to a large-scale heterogeneous (hetnet) wireless system made up of several Radio Access Technologies (RATs) that collectively provide a unified wireless network to a diverse set of users through co-ordination managed by a centralized Global Resource Controller (GRC). We incorporate 3G cellular technologies HSPA and EVDO, 4G cellular technologies WiMAX and LTE, and WLAN technology Wi-Fi as the RATs in our hetnet wireless system. We assume that the user devices are either multi-modal or have one or more reconfigurable radios which makes it possible for each device to use any available …
Jet Instability And Droplet Formation For Bio-Printing Applications, Leigh Herran
Jet Instability And Droplet Formation For Bio-Printing Applications, Leigh Herran
All Dissertations
The research conducted in this dissertation was done to obtain a fundamental understanding of the formation of droplets in a drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjetting setup when the ink contains a polymer additive. The objective is to precisely control and even predict the forming dynamics and final droplet characteristics (velocity, size and satellite elimination). A polymeric fluid called sodium alginate has been gaining attention due to its highly bio-compatible nature. Solutions of sodium alginate were used as the ink material and in some cases compared with an equivalent Newtonian fluid (same zero-shear viscosity). The droplets were inspected in one of two ways: …
Freeze-Thaw Durability Of Portland Cement Concrete Due To Addition Of Crumb Rubber Aggregates, Shubhada Gadkar
Freeze-Thaw Durability Of Portland Cement Concrete Due To Addition Of Crumb Rubber Aggregates, Shubhada Gadkar
All Dissertations
Ground tire rubber also known as crumb rubber has been widely used in asphalt concrete over the past several years due to its ability to improve temperature susceptibility of asphalt binders and enhance the performance of asphalt pavements. However, its inclusion in portland cement concrete is comparatively recent and more research is needed before adopting it as a regular construction material. Past research has shown that while addition of rubber aggregates in concrete reduces its compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, but is useful in improving durability properties as freeze-thaw resistance due to the ability of crumb rubber to generate an …
Removal Of Arsenic From Simulated Groundwater Using A Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment System, Jeffrey Schwindaman
Removal Of Arsenic From Simulated Groundwater Using A Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment System, Jeffrey Schwindaman
All Theses
A pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system (CWTS) was designed and built to produce biogeochemical conditions that promoted targeted processes for removal of arsenic from simulated groundwater. Two series were designed to promote co-precipitation and sorption of arsenic with iron oxyhydroxides under oxidizing conditions, and two series were designed to promote precipitation of arsenic sulfide and co-precipitation of arsenic with iron sulfide under reducing conditions. The two major objectives were to (1) assess arsenic removal performance and (2) determine the fate and distribution of arsenic in each series. Results indicate that arsenic removal performance was greater in series designed to promote …
Data Driven, Performance Based Parking Management In A University Setting, Brian Maleck
Data Driven, Performance Based Parking Management In A University Setting, Brian Maleck
All Theses
With university enrollment increasing, campuses are becoming under increased strain for parking. More students results in more cars on an already stressed parking infrastructure. In many instances, university parking management offices are being asked to accommodate this increase in parking without the construction of new parking infrastructure. In order to accommodate these demands, better parking management is required.
This research develops a framework to evaluate current parking management practices and pinpoint methods to improve upon current practices. The framework is generalized for use by any size and type of university. Clemson University's campus in Clemson, SC was used as a …
Particle Electrophoresis And Magnetophoresis In Microchannels, Litao Liang
Particle Electrophoresis And Magnetophoresis In Microchannels, Litao Liang
All Theses
In current pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with clinical applications, an increased demand for flow control and cell manipulation on the micrometer scale has emerged. Electrokinetic, magnetic and many other physics fields have been exploited to meet this demand. However, due to the requirement for sophisticated micro-structures and the interference of the increasing significance of many `trivial' physics properties (surface potential, permittivity, etc.) at the smaller scale, most applications encounter poor maneuverability and high operation/fabrication complexity issues. Very few attempts have been made to bypass these requirements while maintaining the same control and efficiency. This thesis research investigates the fundamental behaviors …
Comparison Of Methods To Evaluate Chitosan As An Antimicrobial Against Listeria Spp. Cultures, Scott Hartley
Comparison Of Methods To Evaluate Chitosan As An Antimicrobial Against Listeria Spp. Cultures, Scott Hartley
All Theses
The antimicrobial properties of a chitosan-coated vacuum-packaged pouch were tested against Listeria monocytogenes (LM) inoculated on frankfurters. A 1.5% chitosan solution was successfully coated onto a corona-treated poly/nylon based film and then heat-sealed to form a pouch. An initial 5 log CFU/mL population of LM was used to inoculate a frankfurter in the pouch, which was then vacuum-sealed and stored at 4¡ and 13¡ C for a period of 8 weeks, with bacteria enumeration performed on weekly intervals. An uncoated pouch was tested as a control. It was found that the chitosan-coated pouches did not exhibit any antimicrobial properties against …
Air Pressure Energy Storage For Reverse Osmosis: Bench-Scale Proof Of Concept, Ying Sun
Air Pressure Energy Storage For Reverse Osmosis: Bench-Scale Proof Of Concept, Ying Sun
All Theses
Society faces diminishing access to clean drinking water because of increasing global population and the development of modern industries. At the same time, climate change and other environmental problems caused by the increase in fossil fuel consumption the emphasis on reducing dependency on traditional energy resources in the process of potable water production. To address both problems, a small-scale wind powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system with a unique energy storage mechanism was envisioned to provide an energy buffer such that fluctuating and intermittent wind can be utilized. Energy is stored in the form of compressed air in a pressure …
Thermo-Mechanical Effects Of Thermal Cycled Copper Through Silicon Vias, James Marro
Thermo-Mechanical Effects Of Thermal Cycled Copper Through Silicon Vias, James Marro
All Theses
The semiconductor industry is currently facing transistor scaling issues due to fabrication thresholds and quantum effects. In this 'More-Than-Moore' era, the industry is developing new ways to increase device performance, such as stacking chips for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-IC). The 3D-IC's superior performance over their 2D counterparts can be attributed to the use of vertical interconnects, or through silicon vias (TSV). These interconnects are much shorter, reducing signal delay. However TSVs are susceptible to various thermo-mechanical reliability concerns. Heating during fabrication and use, in conjunction with coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the copper TSVs and silicon substrate, create harmful …
Effectiveness Of Display Trays On Attention And Purchase Of Consumer Products, Erin Snyder
Effectiveness Of Display Trays On Attention And Purchase Of Consumer Products, Erin Snyder
All Theses
Through the collection of qualitative and quantitative data, consumer perception and preference of display trays in the retail environment was examined and evaluated. Purchase decision and eye-tracking data was collected, as well as qualitative survey information, to determine if participants favored packages in a display tray opposed to packages placed directly on store shelving. This preference was measured in terms of time to first fixation, total fixation duration, fixation count as well as final purchasing decision. The experiment analyzed liquid dish soap and canned tomatoes, and was organized as a 2 (products per category) x 1 (display tray per category) …
The Development Of A Rapid Fiber-Based Immunoassay As A Point-Of-Care Or In-Home Diagnostic Test, Christopher Waddell
The Development Of A Rapid Fiber-Based Immunoassay As A Point-Of-Care Or In-Home Diagnostic Test, Christopher Waddell
All Theses
Early diagnosis of conditions allows for physicians to treat patients earlier, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Two conditions of particular interest for earlier and cheaper diagnosis are the influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antiviral treatment administered within the first 48 hours of influenza infection decreases symptom severity, risk of complications, and reduced healthcare costs. Early diagnosis of HIV can decrease the risk of transmission of the virus to HIV negative individuals and allow for earlier administration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), improving patient quality of life and patient outcomes.
Currently, the 'gold standard' for detection of both …
Evaluation Of Anaerobic Biodegradation Of High Concentrations Of Halogenated Methanes, Priya Rachel Jacob
Evaluation Of Anaerobic Biodegradation Of High Concentrations Of Halogenated Methanes, Priya Rachel Jacob
All Theses
Removal of the chlorinated methanes, carbon tetrachloride (CT), chloroform (CF) and dichloromethane (DCM), and the halogenated methane, trichlorofluoromethane (commonly known as CFC-11 or Freon-11) from contaminated soil and groundwater remains challenging. Releases to the environment resulted from historically poor disposal practices, as well as spills and leaks from underground storage tanks. Among these three compounds, CF is considered the benchmark for evaluating the feasibility of bioremediation, due to its typically high level of toxicity towards most anaerobic prokaryotes. However, inhibitory effects of low concentrations of CFC-11 on anaerobes have been reported as well. Bioremediation is an attractive option for clean-up, …
Probabilistic Back Analysis Of Geotechnical Systems, Lei Wang
Probabilistic Back Analysis Of Geotechnical Systems, Lei Wang
All Theses
This thesis is aimed at applying the probabilistic approaches for back analysis of geotechnical systems. First, a probabilistic back-analysis of a recent slope failure at a site on Freeway No. 3 in northern Taiwan is presented. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation is used to back-calculate the geotechnical strength parameters and the anchor force. These inverse analysis results, which agree closely with the findings of the post-event investigations, are then used to validate the maximum likelihood method, a computationally more efficient back-analysis approach. The improved knowledge of the geotechnical strength parameters and the anchor force gained through the probabilistic …
Problems In The Study And Use Of Ac Dielectrophoresis And Their Consequences: A Study Based On Comsol Multiphysics Modeling, Vandana Devi Pandian Babu
Problems In The Study And Use Of Ac Dielectrophoresis And Their Consequences: A Study Based On Comsol Multiphysics Modeling, Vandana Devi Pandian Babu
All Theses
Dielectrophoresis (or DEP) is an important phenomenon which is induced when a dielectric particle is placed in a non-uniform electric field. The force generated by DEP has been exploited for various micro and nano fluidics applications like positioning, sorting and separation of particles involved in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, cell therapeutics, biosensors, microfluidics, nanoassembly, particle filtration etc. The integration of DEP systems into the microfluidics enables inexpensive, fast, highly sensitive, highly selective, label-free detection and also the analysis of target bioparticles.
This work aims to provide a complete compilation of the factors affecting the DEP force. It elucidates the underlying …
Biological Production Of Succinic Acid Using A Cull Peach Medium, Janani Krishnakumar
Biological Production Of Succinic Acid Using A Cull Peach Medium, Janani Krishnakumar
All Theses
Biological production of succinic acid from a cull peach based medium was studied using Escherichia coli AFP 184 in a dual-phase batch process including an aerobic growth phase and an anaerobic production phase. Experiments were performed to study the effects of corn steep liquor supplement and exogenous hydrogen supply. About one half of the sucrose in the medium was converted to fermentable sugars glucose and fructose during sterilization. The remaining sucrose was hydrolyzed with invertase. The viscosity of the medium was reduced from 350 cP to 50 cP to allow efficient oxygen transfer by a commercial enzyme product. In the …
Novel Side-Vent-Channel Based Blast Mitigation Concept For Light Tactical Vehicles, Ramin Yavari
Novel Side-Vent-Channel Based Blast Mitigation Concept For Light Tactical Vehicles, Ramin Yavari
All Theses
A new concept solution for improving survivability of the light tactical military vehicles to blast-loads resulting from a shallow-buried mine detonated underneath such vehicles is proposed and critically assessed using computational engineering methods and tools. The solution is inspired by the principle of operation of the rocket-engine nozzles, in general and the so called 'pulse detonation' rocket engines, in particular, and is an extension of the recently introduced so-called 'blast chimney' concept (essentially a vertical channel connecting the bottom and the roof and passing through the cabin of a light tactical vehicle).
Relative to the blast-chimney concept, the new solution …
An Analysis Of A Missing Design Concept For Sustainable Buildings: Addressing The Safety And Health Of The Construction Worker, Christopher Almond
An Analysis Of A Missing Design Concept For Sustainable Buildings: Addressing The Safety And Health Of The Construction Worker, Christopher Almond
All Theses
Construction work is inherently dangerous. The 2010 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics show the construction industry had the most fatal injuries of all industry sectors, 17%. U.S. regulations place the responsibility for construction safety on the construction contractor. However, owners and designers have the potential to affect the safety of the construction workforce. Owners have gotten more involved in promoting the safety and health of construction workers in recent years; however, studies show that the safety and health of the construction workforce is not typically considered by designers.
The Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) - the U.S. Navy's systems command …
Improved Iterative Detection Techniques For Slow-Frequency-Hop Communications With Reed-Solomon Codes, Madhabi Manandhar
Improved Iterative Detection Techniques For Slow-Frequency-Hop Communications With Reed-Solomon Codes, Madhabi Manandhar
All Theses
The performance of a packet-level iterative detection technique is examined for a slow-frequency-hop packet radio system using interleaved Reed-Solomon codes and per-dwell differential encoding. A per-dwell soft-input-soft-output detector along with successive-erasures decoding results in a system that performs better than previously considered detection techniques in the presence of partial-band interference. The log-MAP algorithm and two forms of its max-log-MAP approximation are considered for the soft-input-soft-output detector along with different channel estimators. The performance and detection complexity of the systems is compared. A limit on the number of erasures allowed in successive-erasures decoding is also considered, and its effect on the …
Experimental Development And Analysis Of A Novel Setup For Insulated Dielectrophoresis, Johnie Hodge
Experimental Development And Analysis Of A Novel Setup For Insulated Dielectrophoresis, Johnie Hodge
All Theses
Dielectrophoresis has long been studied and utilized for the manipulation of microscale particles in solution. This phenomenon is due to the induced polarization of dielectric particles subjected to an electric field. When the field is also inhomogeneous in terms of the distribution of its strength through space, the polarized particles move and come to rest in certain areas due to the relationship between their and the solvent's relative permittivities. If the electric field is homogenous, such as within a parallel plate capacitor, the particles are polarized according to their permittivity and the field's frequency, but they will not move.
These …