Architecture Commons^™

Introduction To 'Artificial Intelligence In Failure Analysis Of Transportation Infrastructure And Materials', Yue Hou, Qiao Dong, Dawei Wang, Jenny Liu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Transportation infrastructures, including roads, bridges, tunnels, stations, airports and subways, play fundamental roles in modern society. Engineering failures of transportation infrastructures may result in significant damage to the public. The traditional methods are to monitor, store and analyze the information during the infrastructure and material design, testing, construction, numerical simulations, evaluation, operation, maintenance and preservation, using mechanistic-based, material based and statistics-based approaches. In recent decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn the attention of many researchers and has been used as a powerful tool to understand and analyze the engineering failures in transportation infrastructure and materials. AI has the advantages of …

An Iot-Based Smart Wearable E-Health Monitoring System For Patients With Heart Diseases, Mohammed M. Abo-Zahhad

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Due to the world's growing population and increasing medical costs, smart and affordable healthcare has gained favour. It is essential to develop an effective e-health monitoring system that can identify abnormalities in real-time and support professionals in making diagnoses based on the data acquired. Recent advancements in mobile and cloud computing have led to the development of numerous cloud-based healthcare services and products. In this paper, an IoT-based wearable e-health monitoring system is presented. It continually monitors the patient's vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and an electrocardiogram (ECG). Using an IoT platform, we managed to …

From Greens To General Plans: Reinventing Abandoned Golf Courses, Chloe Carolyn Partain

City and Regional Planning

This paper examines three case studies from different areas of the western United States to analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with redeveloping underutilized or abandoned golf courses. By examining how different communities from across the region have approached this process, this study aims to inform city planners, developers, policymakers, and other stakeholders about the intricacies and potential pitfalls of this process. It concludes with a list of necessary considerations for the redevelopment of any golf course and recommends best practices to follow throughout the process of redevelopment.

Assessing Environmental Impact Of The Built Environment By Adopting Life Cycle Design: Using Swanton Pacific Ranch As A Case Study, Hope E. Springer

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

To combat the carbon emissions contributed to the atmosphere by the built environment, it is imperative that low-embodied-carbon materials choices be prioritized throughout the building design process. To achieve this, this professional project creates an Excel-based, open source, and user-friendly tool for the construction sector to make design decisions that prioritize the sustainability of structures, as one such tool does not currently exist. The use of OpenLCA software and the EcoInvent34 database are utilized to calculate the environmental impact of 25 different building materials, as well as energy and electricity consumption. Swanton Pacific Ranch (SPR) in Santa Cruz County is …

Wood Diaphragm Deflections. Part I: Generalizing Standard Equations Using Mechanicsbased Derivations For Panel Construction, John W. Lawson, Scott Breneman, Marco Lo Ricco

Architectural Engineering

Horizontal wood diaphragm systems, whether decked with conventional or mass timber panels, transfer wind and seismic loads to vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS), in flexible, rigid, or semi-rigid fashion. Characterizing and calculating the resulting diaphragm deflections determines the distribution of forces to critically loaded components and a significant portion of lateral building translations and rotations. Deflection equations for sheathed wood structural panel (WSP) diaphragms are well established in U.S. design standards in a 4-term expression that models flexural, shear, and fastener-slip deformations and its full derivation using principles of mechanics is provided herein. Derivations of similar equations …

The Town That Built Its Own River: La Plaza Del Cerro At Taos County New Mexico, José A. Rivera Ph.D

Faculty Publications

Cerro is an unincorporated community in Taos County, New Mexico, and is situated near New Mexico State Highway 522 heading north to the Colorado border. Nearby is Cerro de Guadalupe, a peak that has an elevation of 8,796 feet and Cerro at 7,490 feet. The connection to Guadalupe Mountain gave the town its original name as “La Plaza del Cerro de Guadalupe.” Cerro was established in the early 1850s by settlers who arrived from nearby Questa and Taos. By itself, Guadalupe Mountain did not provide sufficient water to sustain an agrarian economy based on farming and livestock ranching as was …

Variations In Family Child Care: Providers' Experiences Crafting Spaces In-Between School And Home, Eleanor Luken

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Family child care, which takes place in the caregiver’s own home, is one of the most common arrangements for American working parents, yet it remains low paid and undervalued in the ecosystem of early childhood care and education (Uttal and Tuominen, 1999). Little is known about how family child care providers organize space within their homes and the repercussions the location of care has on their daily practices with children, relationships with family members, and design of their homes. Even less is known about the strategies used by providers operating in dense, urban neighborhoods with high housing costs. This investigation …

In Situ Monitoring Of The Hydration Of Calcium Silicate Minerals In Cement With A Remote Fiber-Optic Raman Probe, Bohong Zhang, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma, Jie Huang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study utilized a novel in situ fiber-optic Raman probe to continuously monitor the hydration progress of tricalcium silicate (C₃S) and dicalcium silicate (C₂S) without the need for sampling, from early hydration stage to later stages, and from fresh to hardened states of paste samples. By virtue of the remarkable ability of this technique in characterizing either dry or wet and crystalline or amorphous samples, the hydration processes of C₃S and C₂S pastes with different water-to-solid (w/s) ratios could be monitored from the start of the hydration reaction. The main hydration products, …

Wood Diaphragm Deflections. Part Ii: Implementing A Unified Approach For Current Clt And Wsp Practice, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Horizontal wood diaphragm systems, whether decked with conventional or mass timber panels, transfer wind and seismic loads to vertical elements of the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS), in flexible, rigid, or semi-rigid fashion. Characterizing and calculating the resulting diaphragm deflections determines the distribution of forces to critically loaded components and a significant portion of lateral building translations and rotations. Deflection equations for sheathed wood structural panel (WSP) diaphragms are well established in U.S. design standards in a 4-term expression that models flexural, shear, and fastener-slip deformations, but similar equations for cross-laminated timber (CLT) diaphragms have yet to unfold, despite growing industry …

Insights From A Study On Multimodal Experiences In A Plaza, Yohany Albornoz, Gladys E. Maestre

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

By highlighting the neurobiological basis of people’s perception of urban spaces, this study provides a solid foundation for evidence-based design decisions. It presents a roadmap for crafting urban environments that not only accommodate the physical and social needs of people but also nurture their psychological well-being.

Scour Mitigation At Bridge Abutments Using Spur Dikes, Dina Hamdy Mustafa Mustafa Al Sirtasy, Hossam Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Abd El-Gawad, Mohamed T. Shamaa

Mansoura Engineering Journal

One of the main reasons for bridge failure is local scour at the bridge abutments. Laboratory experiments, under clear water scour condition, were carried out to investigate scour reduction around the vertical bridge abutment by adding one upstream spur dike. Sand with a median and standard deviation of diameter equal to 0.80 mm and 2.173 mm respectively, formed the bed material. Three different stages of spur dikes with varying sets as: 1) distances from the abutment (6 sets), 2) orientation angles (4 sets), and 3) lengths (3 sets), were considered. Effects of all spur dikes are studied with respect to …

Self-Reported Consumption Of Bottled Water V. Tap Water In Appalachian And Non-Appalachian Kentucky, Jason W. Marion

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Quantitative studies on drinking water perceptions in Appalachia are limited. High-profile water infrastructure failures in the U.S. and Eastern Kentucky, coupled with human-made and natural disasters in the Appalachian Region, have likely impacted opinions regarding tap water.

Purpose: To use existing unexplored data to describe baseline tap water v. bottled water consumption in Kentucky.

Methods: Telephone-based cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2013 Kentucky Health Issues Poll (KHIP) directed by the Foundation for a Healthy Kentucky. Among many items in KHIP, self-reported consumption of bottled water over tap water, reasons for bottled water use, and demographic data were obtained. …

Geometry Through Architectural Design, Maureen T. Carroll, Elyn Rykken

LASER Journal

In her 1912 geometry book, Mabel Sykes surveys complex and beautiful architectural designs from around the world to inspire exercises on geometric proof, construction and computation. In over 1800 exercises, Sykes analyzes geometric patterns from ornamental and structural features found in tile mosaics, parquet floors, Gothic windows, trusses and arches. As Sykes' writes, ``Geometry gives, as no other subject can give, an appreciation of form as it exists in the material world" . We have chosen four examples to illustrate how her appealing designs and the accompanying exercises of this hidden gem can be incorporated into any geometry course.

Reaction Pathways, Kinetic Modelling And Parameter Estimation Of Heterogeneous Catalytic Trans-Esterificationprocess, Owolabi,R. U, Aderinsola A. P

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The kinetics of heterogeneous catalyzed trans-esterification between castor oil and methanol was studied and modeled. Kinetic data was obtained from a perfectly mixed slurry batch reactor. The modeling was conducted via the modified-hattori mechanism to determine the exact rate controlling step for the reaction. A total of five rate expressions were formed, which were as a result of; methanol adsorption, Triglyceride adsorption, Formation of the complex, Surface reaction and Glycerol desorption. Evaluation of best fitting model and parameter estimation was done using the nealder simplex least square optimization algorithm with the aid MATLAB software. The result from the regression analysis …

Part 2: Proposed Buckling Factor For Columns In Braced And Unbraced Frames With Composite Girders, S.A. Eltawil, N.S. Mahmoud, S.M. Abdrabou

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The influence of composite girders on the modified buckling factor for columns was investigated in both braced and unbraced frames. The composite girders' end conditions were represented as rigid and hinged . Furthermore, based on the proposed stiffness parameter, the derived formulation follows the same assumptions as the standard effective length factor (K-factor). Moreover, the suggested buckling factor equations for composite girders in braced and unbraced frames were obtained using the slope-deflection method. Concerning the unbraced frame, the proposed buckling factor of columns restrained by the composite girder improves the effective length calculation and makes for a more accurate and …

Scale Model Experiments Of Toxic Gas Production From The Combustion Of Polymers When Applied With Different Droplet Sizes Of Water Mist, Nicharee Thinnakornsutubutr, Masayuki Mizuno, Kazunori Kuwana

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This research experimentally investigated the combustion of polymeric materials with water mist application in an enclosure, with an emphasis on the production of toxic gases. Two different diameters, ~100 and ~260 μm, were tested. The experimental conditions were determined based on Froude similarity laws for low drop Reynolds number conditions. Droplets and polymers’ physical and chemical properties influence the burning/extinguishing behavior and toxic-gas evolution. In general, larger droplets can extinguish a fire in a shorter time, and toxic gas concentrations in a test chamber decreased more rapidly. However, the large droplets tended to cause the flame expansion phenomenon for thermoplastics …

Gravimetric Geoid For Egypt Based On Properly Application Of Helmet's Method Of Condensations With Window Remove-Restore Technique, Atef Makhloof, Hussein A. Abd-Elmotaal, Mostafa Ashry

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This study uses the window-method for merging the gravity field wavelengths inside the remove-restore technique (RRT) to get the gravimetric geoid for Egypt using Helmert's models of condensation. In this case, the window approach (Abd-Elmotaal and Kühtreiber, 2003) was utilized to avert taking the topographic-condensation masses into account twice inside the data frame. A gravimetric geoid for Egypt has been calculated utilizing Helmert's first and second condensations approach and Airy- Heiskanen model. Within the context of the geoid computation, a thorough comparison between the various Helmert approaches and Airy-Heiskanen has been made. The comparison uses the estimated geoid indicators before …

Skills Matter – Up-Skilling Across Construction Stakeholders For Emerging Roles, Avril Behan, Paul Mccormack, Barry Mcauley

Conference Papers

The EU’s Climate Target Plan To 2030 (European Union 2020b) of achieving at least 55% reduction in Green House Gas emissions from 1990 levels, delivering towards a climate-neutral economy by 2050, requires systems-level change in the way we design, construct, and operate our built assets. Funding initiatives, such as co-ordinated by BUILD UP Skills, aim to deliver upskilling to the market but targets set by the European Skills Agenda may not be reached at current achievement levels. This paper presents the results of one completed and the progress of one ongoing Horizon 2020 funded project, BIMcert and ARISE, respectively. Learning …

Urban Spatial Structural Change And Transformation In The New Era, Xiao Xiao, Xiaoping Xie, Jingzhong Li, Xiao Xie, Bing Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Urban spatial structure is an important part of the research on the regional system of the human-land relationship, and it is also an important starting point for the sustainable development of cities. How to scientifically understand the urban spatial structure in the new era is the basis for optimizing its regulation. This study briefly reviews the historical background of traditional urban spatial structure theory and points out the transformational turn of urban spatial structure in terms of organizational principles, organizational methods, optimization goals and elements through the analysis of technological revolution, policy, and socio-economic environment in the new era, and …

A New Planning Proposal For Achieving Residents’ Thermal Comfort In Hot Arid Climate- Based On Simulation Model, Mohamed A. Eid, Randa M. A. Mahmoud, Amr Sayed Hassan Abdallah

Mansoura Engineering Journal

This paper aims to propose a new planning approach that achieves residents' thermal comfort inside the courtyards of residential complexes based on the improvement of the urban canyon ratio in the current residential complex in New Assiut city as a base case, including their role in boosting social interaction and improving residents’ Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) and courtyard air quality. This new planning proposal is based on the planning of old Arab cities that encourages liveability, walkability, social interaction, and sustainability. Then, improvement of urban canyon ratios for the new planning proposal was simulated and optimized using ENVI-met 5. Eight …