Bio-Spatial Policing In Theory And Practice: Examining Impacts And Resistance Through Mobilities And Children's Everyday Life,
2021
University of Kentucky
Bio-Spatial Policing In Theory And Practice: Examining Impacts And Resistance Through Mobilities And Children's Everyday Life, Emily Kaufman
Theses and Dissertations--Geography
Despite decades of reforms and technological innovations, increasing evidence shows that state securitization disproportionately harms already racially, spatially, and socio-economically marginalized communities. My research investigates uneven impacts of state securitization, from punitive welfare programs to school surveillance to policing. Across sites, I focus on scales, voices and the everyday lived experiences often left out of scholarly discourse and sensational media. In the current climate of growing awareness and scholarship on police violence, my dissertation addresses three less-studied areas: 1) the interplay between racial, gendered, spatial, and technified police practices; 2) how these practices impact the everyday lives of those racially …
Murders In The German Sex Trade: 1920 To 2017,
2021
Sex Industry Kills
Murders In The German Sex Trade: 1920 To 2017, Manuela Schon, Anna Hoheide
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
This research report is the result of collecting and evaluating data on cases of homicides and attempted homicides in the German sex trade from 1920-2017. The findings show violence against prostituted women and the attitudes of the sex buyers who commit most of the violent acts against the women. The report discusses the media coverage of murder cases, complication of cases, and a critique of methods of criminal evaluation by the police. From 1920 to 2017, 272 victims of murder and attempted murder were identified. Liberalization of prostitution occurred in 2002. From then until 2017, there is a decrease in …
The Robber Wants To Be Punished,
2021
Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center
The Robber Wants To Be Punished, Uri Weiss
Touro Law Review
It is a commonly held intuition that increasing punishment leads to less crime. Let us move our glance from the punishment for the crime itself to the punishment for the attempt to commit a crime, or to the punishment for the threat to carry it out. We argue that the greater the punishment for the attempted robbery, i.e., for the threat, "give me your money or else," the greater the number of robberies and threats there will be. The punishment for the threat makes the withdrawal from it more expensive for the criminal, making the relative cost of committing the …
The Specific Deterrent Effects Of Criminal Sanctions For Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis,
2021
Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
The Specific Deterrent Effects Of Criminal Sanctions For Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis, Joel H. Garner, Christopher D. Maxwell, Jina Lee
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
A dozen systematic reviews published since 1978 have sought to clarify the complexities of deterrence theory. These reviews emphasize the general deterrent effects of police presence, arrest, and incarceration on rates of homicide and other serious crimes, such as assault, rape, and burglary. These reviews provide less attention to specific deterrence processes and to the deterrent impacts of intermediate sanctions, such as prosecution or conviction; none of these reviews incorporate any of the research on criminal sanctions for intimate partner violence. To address these limitations, this research uses meta-analytic methods to assess the specific deterrent effects of three post-arrest criminal …
Constitutional Pandemic Surveillance,
2021
Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
Constitutional Pandemic Surveillance, Matthew B. Kugler, Mariana Oliver
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
How do people view governmental pandemic surveillance? And how can their views inform courts considering the constitutionality of digital monitoring programs aimed at containing the spread of a highly contagious diseases? We measure the perceived intrusiveness of pandemic surveillance through two nationally representative surveys of Americans. Our results show that even at the height of a pandemic people find surveillance for public health to be more intrusive than surveillance for traditional law enforcement purposes. To account for these strong privacy concerns, we propose safeguards that we believe would make cell phone location tracking and other similar digital monitoring regimes constitutionally …
Examining Risk Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency And The Predictive Validity Of A Juvenile Risk Assessment Instrument Across Urban And Rural Communities,
2021
University of Central Florida
Examining Risk Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency And The Predictive Validity Of A Juvenile Risk Assessment Instrument Across Urban And Rural Communities, Kelly Vannan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Juvenile delinquency among the nation's youth is an ongoing concern. An essential task of juvenile justice workers is to identify and measure risk factors that impact a youth's likelihood of recidivating. The Florida Department of Juvenile Justice (FDJJ) utilizes the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) to assess the risk for recidivism among all juveniles referred to the system. The current study examined how youths' level and types of risk, as well as the ability of the PACT to predict the odds of reoffending and the time to reoffend, vary across urban and rural communities. This study drew upon theories of …
Neither “Post-War” Nor Post-Pregnancy Paranoia: How America’S War On Drugs Continues To Perpetuate Disparate Incarceration Outcomes For Pregnant, Substance-Involved Offenders,
2021
Pitzer College
Neither “Post-War” Nor Post-Pregnancy Paranoia: How America’S War On Drugs Continues To Perpetuate Disparate Incarceration Outcomes For Pregnant, Substance-Involved Offenders, Becca S. Zimmerman
Pitzer Senior Theses
This thesis investigates the unique interactions between pregnancy, substance involvement, and race as they relate to the War on Drugs and the hyper-incarceration of women. Using ordinary least square regression analyses and data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics’ 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates, I examine if (and how) pregnancy status, drug use, race, and their interactions influence two length of incarceration outcomes: sentence length and amount of time spent in jail between arrest and imprisonment. The results collectively indicate that pregnancy decreases length of incarceration outcomes for those offenders who are not substance-involved but not evenhandedly -- benefitting white …
Exposure To Parental Conflict And Anxiety In Justice-Involved Youth,
2021
University of Central Florida
Exposure To Parental Conflict And Anxiety In Justice-Involved Youth, Logan B. Ewing
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The purpose of this study was to explore the link between exposure to domestic violence (DV) and the presence of symptoms of anxiety in a population of justice-involved juveniles. The categories of DV were broken down into verbal abuse and physical abuse, along with a third category of juveniles that witnessed both forms of abuse within their households. This study compared the prevalence of anxiety in juveniles when faced with the different instances of DV through the use of data collected from a longitudinal study conducted by the Pathways to Desistance Project. The goal of the study was to further …
An Examination Of A Proposed Rule: Removal Of Sirva From The Vaccine Injury Table,
2021
University of Central Florida
An Examination Of A Proposed Rule: Removal Of Sirva From The Vaccine Injury Table, Derrica N. Jackson
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Vaccines are one of the greatest modern medical inventions. Even though vaccines have saved lives, however, no medical product is proven to be completely safe. Vaccines can have rare and sometimes deadly reactions. To address such occurrences, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) hosts a program that reviews petitions for compensation of injuries caused by vaccination. The program is called the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The VICP was established in 1986 to reduce the number of product liability lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers that threatened to increase the cost of vaccines and lower life-saving vaccine administration …
Constitutional Camouflage: How Constitutional Methodologies Act As Smoke Screens For Supreme Court Justices,
2021
University of Central Florida
Constitutional Camouflage: How Constitutional Methodologies Act As Smoke Screens For Supreme Court Justices, William J. Lijewski
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The Supreme Court Justices of the United States sit on the highest court of the land. The justices have the ultimate say as to the meaning of the Constitution, and their role could aptly be summarized as interpreters of the Constitution. They decide what the words of the nation's founding document mean and therefore help to determine the rule of law for the social, political, and economic areas of society. To help them analyze the text of the Constitution and decide what it means and subsequently apply it to cases, justices use constitutional methodologies. Constitutional methodologies are algorithms or ways …
The Rise And Fall Of Puerto Rico: How Politico-Legal Failures Led To An Experiment's Demise,
2021
University of Central Florida
The Rise And Fall Of Puerto Rico: How Politico-Legal Failures Led To An Experiment's Demise, Sebastián J. Delgado Suárez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Puerto Rico has been a United States territory since 1898. Since then, the island has remained in an ill-defined relationship with the United States, lacking autonomy and sovereignty. The Supreme Court and Congress have been the primary agents dealing with Puerto Rico's territorial trajectory. While the island has faced many setbacks throughout the years, this thesis asserts that the zenith in autonomy and sovereignty was reached in the 1950s, after two key legislative developments. This set forth an experiment in territorial administration. But the experiment was abandoned and closed in 2016, after two Supreme Court decisions and an Act of …
Defending Constitutional Rights In Imbalanced Courtrooms,
2021
Northwestern Pritzker School of Law
Defending Constitutional Rights In Imbalanced Courtrooms, Esther Nir, Siyu Liu
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Safeguarding Fourth Amendment protections is critical to preserving individual privacy rights and fostering positive perceptions of police legitimacy within communities. Maintaining an effective accountability structure for police stops, searches, and seizures is a necessary step toward achieving these objectives. In this article, we use qualitative interviews and survey data with defense attorneys to explore—from a court community perspective— their use of discretion to uphold the Exclusionary Rule through bringing suppression motions. Data demonstrate that power dynamics within the court community lead defense attorneys to conclude that litigating rights violations is often a futile effort that interferes with favorable case outcomes …
Annual Report 2021,
2021
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Annual Report 2021, Nebraska Center For Justice Research
Reports
The Nebraska Center for Justice Research (NCJR) was established in 2014 with a mission to develop and sustain criminal justice research capacity internal to the State of Nebraska. Our goal is to assist the Legislature, justice agencies, practitioners, foundations, and stakeholders with research and evaluation to reduce recidivism, promote the use of evidence-based practices, and improve public safety. This annual report summarizes the activities and financial status of NCJR in its second year.
"It Is Not Necessary For Eagles To Be Crows": Book Review,
2021
University of South Dakota School of Law
"It Is Not Necessary For Eagles To Be Crows": Book Review, Neil Fulton
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Nsu Abraham S. Fischler College Of Education And School Of Criminal Justice (Fce&Scj) Graduate Catalog And Student Handbook 2021–2022,
2021
Nova Southeastern University
Nsu Abraham S. Fischler College Of Education And School Of Criminal Justice (Fce&Scj) Graduate Catalog And Student Handbook 2021–2022, Nova Southeastern University
Abraham S. Fischler College of Education and School of Criminal Justice College Archive
No abstract provided.
The Ambivalence Of Participation In Transitional Justice: The Promises And Failures Of Peace In Colombia,
2021
University of San Francisco
The Ambivalence Of Participation In Transitional Justice: The Promises And Failures Of Peace In Colombia, Alejandro Urruzmendi
Doctoral Dissertations
The dissertation inquires into participation in transitional justice in Colombia. Through an examination of Peace Councils and Mesas de Participación, it offers readers concrete examples of such mechanisms for participation, discussing their legal and bureaucratic structures. Weaving in ethnographic research, the author allows the participants themselves, victimized-survivors of the armed conflict and community leaders, to discuss the limits and possibilities of their work. Placing these voices and archival research in historic and theoretical context, the dissertation leaves readers with questions regarding the ambivalence of state, institutional, and participant’s stances towards participation in transitional justice.
Method Validation Of Headspace Gas Chromatography With Dual Flame Ionization Detection For Analysis Of Blood Alcohol Concentration And Other Volatile Organic Compounds,
2021
Virginia Commonwealth University
Method Validation Of Headspace Gas Chromatography With Dual Flame Ionization Detection For Analysis Of Blood Alcohol Concentration And Other Volatile Organic Compounds, Caroline A. Fudala
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
Ethanol is one of the most commonly encountered substances in toxicology analysis and is the most misused substance. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) analysis is performed for a variety of scenarios, including cases of driving under the influence, drug facilitated crimes, intoxication deaths, workplace drug testing, substance use treatment centers, probation/parole, and other clinical settings. Due to the high prevalence of ethanol in forensic and clinical casework a fast, accurate, and cost effective method for BAC analysis is critical. Headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) is the standard for BAC analysis. This is due to its ease of use, …
Creation And Optimization Of An Optical Trapping Microfluidic Device For The Separation Of Mock Forensic Sexual Assault Samples,
2021
Virginia Commonwealth University
Creation And Optimization Of An Optical Trapping Microfluidic Device For The Separation Of Mock Forensic Sexual Assault Samples, Mackenzie Lally
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
Cell mixtures are often seen in forensic samples and commonly involve sexual assault cases where mixtures of sperm cells and vaginal epithelial cells are frequently encountered. This produces challenges in downstream analysis in the form of STR mixture profiles. The only method currently in use in crime laboratories for front-end sperm and epithelial cell separation is differential extraction. This method often results in STR mixture profiles due to carryover into both the male and female fractions and suffers from a wide range of efficiency depending on the laboratory or individual processing the sample. Optical trapping offers an alternative method for …
Community Attitudes Towards Juvenile Sex Offenders And Registration In Virginia,
2021
Nova Southeastern University
Community Attitudes Towards Juvenile Sex Offenders And Registration In Virginia, Paige Reed
Theses and Dissertations
The collateral consequences and harmful effects of juvenile sex offender registration and restrictions has been the forefront of conversation surrounding sex offender legislation in the United States. The literature available has consistently shown that juveniles profoundly differ from adults in significant areas such as decision making, cognitive capability, judgment, and overall development. The literature has also consistently shown that juvenile sex offenders are amenable to treatment, have considerably low recidivism rates, and are unlikely to offend into their adulthood. Despite this, and even though the juvenile justice system prioritizes rehabilitation over punitive measures, juvenile sex offenders are commonly subjected to …
Covid-19 In Correctional Settings: How Has The Covid-19 Pandemic Impacted Prison Policies And Conditions?,
2021
Arcadia University
Covid-19 In Correctional Settings: How Has The Covid-19 Pandemic Impacted Prison Policies And Conditions?, Marissa Tepper
Capstone Showcase
Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the public has been advised to isolate and quarantine from one another. These social distancing practices have also been applied to institutions such as schools, universities, businesses, and even prisons. Within prisons, officials have been working with the medical community to determine the best course of action to contain the spread of the virus. The current proposed policies for prisons to contain COVID-19 are decarceration or medical isolation. However, in the medical community, there is some concern with implementing medical isolation in prisons. Under supervision of the prison officials, medical isolation could become …
