Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

2022 December 15 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Future Colorado River Basin Drought And Surplus, Rama Bedri, Thomas Piechota

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Historical and future drought and surplus periods in the Colorado River basin are evaluated based on eight climate scenarios. Unimpaired streamflow from 17 stations in the Colorado River are evaluated based on U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, and Coupled Modeled Intercomparison Projection 5 downscaled data from 1950–2099. Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenarios are considered for four climate models (HadGEM2-ES, CNRM-CM5, CanESM2, MI-ROC5). Drought (surplus) quantities, magnitudes, severities, and water year flows are compared for the historical and future periods. Results indicate that there is a significant difference between the historical record and future projections. The …

An Intercomparison Of Large-Eddy Simulations Of A Convection Cloud Chamber Using Haze-Capable Bin And Lagrangian Cloud Microphysics Schemes, Fan Yang, Fabian Hoffmann, Raymond Shaw, Mikhail Ovchinnikov, Andrew Vogelmann

Michigan Tech Research Data

Recent in-situ observations show that haze particles exist in a convection cloud chamber. The microphysics schemes previously used for large-eddy simulations of the cloud chamber could not fully resolve haze particles and the associated processes, including their activation and deactivation. Specifically, cloud droplet activation is modeled based on Twomey-type parameterizations, wherein cloud droplets are formed when a critical supersaturation for the available cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is exceeded and haze particles are not explicitly resolved. Here, we develop and adapt haze-capable bin and Lagrangian microphysics schemes to properly resolve the activation and deactivation processes. Results are compared with the Twomey-type …

Arctic Sea Ice Loss In The Pacific Sector And Its Impacts On Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Jiarong Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Arctic sea ice is a critical indicator of climate change. The extent of sea ice coverage over the Arctic Ocean has dramatically declined over the past few decades. The impact has been extensively studied through observations suggesting a linkage between the anomalously warm Arctic surface associated with the Arctic sea ice loss and the mid-latitude surface cooling in the subsequent boreal winter. This linkage could involve the wintertime stratospheric circulation by enhancing the upward planetary wave activity and weakening the polar vortex. With recent advances in climate model, more relevant studies relied on numerical simulations and some suggested that …

Microplastic Accumulation In The Digestive Tract Of Young-Of-Year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae) In The Grand Strand, Sc, Andrew Curtis Sitlinger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on the presence and accumulation of microplastic fibers in the digestive tract and livers of young-of-year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizopriondon terraenovae) from two sampling locations along the Grand Strand of South Carolina. R. terraenovae is a small, mesopredatory elasmobranch found abundantly along northwestern Atlantic Ocean coastlines. Thirty specimens of R. terraenovae were collected from May through August of 2020. Microplastics were found in all specimens. A total of 672 plastic particles were identified over the course of the study, with an average of 22.4 ± 10.5 (SD) plastics per specimen. The majority of the plastics were classified …

Silting Dynamics And Metal Contaminants In The Georgetown Inner Harbor, Ezekiel Wil Meyers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Georgetown inner harbor is an abandoned oxbow-like river loop and a vital historic site with a wealth of traditional businesses and heavy local industry located within Winyah Bay. Since the modification of the Sampit River in 1949, chronic rapid silting has plagued the inner harbor. With these substantial amounts of fine-grained material accumulating inside the inner harbor, business operations along the waterfront, navigational and maritime operations, and contamination within the harbor are of major concern. The goals of this study were to (a) understand the silting dynamics inside the inner harbor, (b) identify heavy metals which might be of …

Improving Near Surface Refractivity Estimates In Marine Environments, Sarah Evelyn Wessinger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study utilizes in-situ measurements and numerical weather prediction datasets collected during the Coupled Air-Sea Processes Electromagnetic Ducting Research East field campaign to assess how thermodynamic properties in the marine atmospheric surface layer influence evaporation duct shape and to develop a simple near-surface modified refractivity estimation method. This study utilizes a logarithmic linear parametric model, which describes evaporation ducts via three main parameters: evaporation duct height, evaporation duct curvature, and mixed layer slope. Notably, most studies utilizing this type of model assume the curvature, C0, to be a theoretical value derived assuming neutral atmospheric stability; a thermodynamic regime that is …

An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of Climate Friendly Purchasing Choices, Susan E. Gutierrez, Fred Vincent Y. Margallo, Zihan Gong

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Climate change is negatively affecting the environment and all its inhabitants. People's increased awareness have made them more willing to adopt more climate friendly purchasing choices. The Climate Change Action Inventory measures how often individuals take actions that can reduce climate change. We focused on the Climate Friendly Purchasing Choices Domain. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of the Climate Friendly Purchasing Domain to help us examine the factor structure.

A Literature Review On Developments In Timber Design And Its Impact On Carbon Emissions, Raquel Jackson

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Carbon dioxide emissions are a growing issue worldwide as urbanization and industrialization continues to increase (ie. Steel and concrete). Non-renewable resources limit steel and concrete production. Despite current methods to reduce greenhouse gasses, carbon emissions remain difficult to reduce from steel and concrete industries.

From The Sky To The Smartphone: Communicating Weather Information In A Digital Age, Cole M. Vaughn

Theses and Dissertations

As new technology has emerged in the digital era, the public can now choose from a variety of new media from which to get weather information. Weather applications (apps) and social media have emerged as some of the popular new media. This study sought to understand the extent to which these new media are used, how weather apps are perceived, how the news media used Twitter during Hurricane Irma, and how the public engaged with the news media’s tweets. A survey and dataset of tweets were used to evaluate the research questions and hypotheses of this research. The study found …

Performance Analysis: Using The Northern Sea Route As An Alternative To Traditional Routes, Liangkun Xu, Qing Yu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The grounding accident of M/V EVER GIVEN in the Suez Canal causes a catastrophic loss on shipping companies. Alternatively, previous studies have presented encouraging findings of the remarkable benefits of time and cost saving in the Northern sea route (NSR) due to extend the ice-free time and shorten the distance. Ships using the NSR could shorten as much as 40% of the sailing distance from China (Shanghai) to Europe (Rotterdam) compared with the traditional route via the Suez Canal. This paper investigates the economic potential of using the NSR as a cost-effective route in comparison with Suez Canal Route (SCR) …

Numerical And Approximate Analytic Solutions Of Second- Order Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems, Chein-Shan Liu, Jian-Hung Shen, Yung-Wei Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The shooting method consists of guessing unknown initial values, transforming a second-order nonlinear boundary value problem (BVP) to an initial value problem and integrating it to obtain the values at the right end to match the specified boundary condition, which acts as a target equation. In the shooting method, the key issue is accurately solving the target equation to obtain highly precise initial values. Due to the implicit and nonlinear property, we develop a generalized derivative-free Newton method (GDFNM) to solve the target equation, which offers very accurate initial values. Numerical examples are examined to show that the shooting method …

Optimization Of Circular Silencers Internally Hybridized With Multiple Reverse Chambers Using The Ga Method, Min-Chie Chiu, Ying-Chun Chang, Tian-Syung Lan, Ho-Sheng Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A noise abatement method using an eigen function in conjunction with an optimizer (Genetic Algorithm) under a space-constrain situation is proposed in this study concerning a high order wave propagation effect. An eigen function is used to describe an acoustical field and shorten the acoustical model in a four-pole transfer matrix form. The system’s four-pole matrix estimates the Transmission Loss (TL) for the silencers by multiplying individual four-pole matrices.

Additionally, a case study of an air compressor’s broadband noise elimination is introduced. Three types of circular reverse silencers (silencers A-C) internally hybridized with multiple straight chambers are adopted to efficiently …

Numerical Investigation Of The Uncertainty Of Typhoon Wave Parameters Retrieval Using Hf Radar, Toan Duy Dao, Hwa Chien

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The aim of this study was to identify the sources of uncertainties of typhoon wave field monitoring using HF radar and to quantitatively assess the bias of the wave parameters, such as significant wave height and mean period, retrieved under various conditions. The strategy was to apply a purely numerical simulation of the Doppler-range spectra and then compare the estimation results to the target. For the quantitative investigation, a numerical test-bed was established. The test-bed was used to simulate the Doppler spectra based on Barrick’s (1972) theory by using the input of the directional wave spectra. The typhoon wave spectra …

A Fused Data Based Real-Time Collision Warning System For Ferries In The Yangtze River, Xiaojia Liu, Ke Zhang, Han Xue, Yingtang Li

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The risks for ferries in the Yangtze River are relatively high, as they frequently cross the main traffic flows, leading to more intersections with other upwards and downwards ships. Although some studies have developed many models to assess collision risks in the Yangtze River, collision warning studies on ferries are scant. Meanwhile, most of the current collision studies evaluate risk based on AIS data, which are incapable of providing real-time ship information as they are discrete-time series data. In this work, fused data combining radar and AIS data are applied in a real-time ship collision warning model to assess the …

Experimental Study Of The Effect Of A Solid Wing Conveyor On Marine Debris Collection, Erik Sugianto, Jeng-Horng Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Marine debris is a global problem that has not been resolved. This has encouraged the emergence of marine debris cleaning technologies, one of which is a conveyor ship. However, how effective conveyors are in collecting waste has not been studied. In this paper, experimental research on conveyors as marine debris collectors is investigated. The capability of catamarans with or without solid wing conveyors to collect marine debris is explored. Three kinds of marine debris collection models are used: no-wing conveyor, a 12.5-cm-long wing conveyor, and an 18.75-cm-long wing conveyor. Artificial marine debris (AMD) is spread on the water surface in …

Solving Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems With Nonlinear Integral Boundary Conditions By Local And Nonlocal Boundary Shape Functions Methods, Chein-Shan Liu, Yung-Wei Chen, Jian-Hung Shen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The paper considers the second-order nonlinear boundary value problem (NBVP), which is equipped with nonlinear integral boundary conditions (BCs). Two novel iterative algorithms are developed to overcome the difficulty of NBVP with double nonlinearities involved. In the first iterative algorithm, two nonlocal shape functions incorporating the linear integral terms are derived, and a nonlocal boundary shape function (NBSF) is formulated to assist the solution. Let the solution be the NBSF so that the NBVP can be exactly transformed into an initial value problem. The new variable is a free function in the NBSF, and its initial values are given. For …

2022 December 8 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Larval Ecology Of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus Thynnus): New Insights From Otolith Microstructure, Biotic, And Abiotic Analyses From The Gulf Of Mexico And Mediterranean Sea, Estrella Malca

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT), Thunnus thynnus, spawn in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and the Mediterranean Sea (MED). Spawning occurs within narrow temporal and environmental parameters. Efforts to characterize growth of ABT in wild conditions revealed a wide range of growth variability during the early life stages. This series of studies examined potential biotic and abiotic influences of larval growth from seven ABT cohorts, and identified several key drivers of growth for this commercially valuable species. A detailed investigation of larval dynamics using otolith microstructure was conducted as follows. First, companion growth curves and stable isotope analysis from the same …

Closing The Concern-Action Gap Through Relational Climate Conversations: Insights From Us Climate Activists, Julia Coombs Fine

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Several studies have found that relational climate conversations can be an effective method of increasing conversational participants’ concern about the climate crisis and encouraging them to take collective action. However, little work has yet examined how such conversations are practiced by climate activists, a group with expertise in relational organizing. Drawing on surveys and semi-structured interviews with climate activists across the USA, this analysis finds that activists frequently have climate conversations with friends and family, most of whom are politically progressive and somewhat to very concerned about the climate crisis. These findings might seem to suggest that climate activists only …