The Influence Of Sea Ice And Snow Cover And Nutrient Availability On The Formation Of Massive Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms In The Chukchi Sea,
2015
Old Dominion University
The Influence Of Sea Ice And Snow Cover And Nutrient Availability On The Formation Of Massive Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms In The Chukchi Sea, Jinlun Zhang, Carin Ashjian, Robert Campbell, Yvette H. Spitz, Michael Steele, Victoria Hill
OES Faculty Publications
A coupled biophysical model is used to examine the impact of changes in sea ice and snow cover and nutrient availability on the formation of massive under-ice phytoplankton blooms (MUPBs) in the Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean over the period 1988–2013. The model is able to reproduce the basic features of the ICESCAPE (Impacts of Climate on EcoSystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment) observed MUPB during July 2011. The simulated MUPBs occur every year during 1988–2013, mainly in between mid-June and mid-July. While the simulated under-ice blooms of moderate magnitude are widespread in the Chukchi Sea, MUPBs …
Speed And Resolution In The Age Of Technological Reproducibility,
2015
Virginia Commonwealth University
Speed And Resolution In The Age Of Technological Reproducibility, Shawn Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
The rate of acceleration of the biologic and synthetic world has for a while now, been in the process of exponentially speeding up, maxing out servers and landfills, merging with each other, destroying each other. The last prehistoric relics on Earth are absorbing the same oxygen, carbon dioxide and electronic waves in our biosphere as us. A degraded .jpeg enlarged to full screen on a Samsung 4K UHD HU8550 Series Smart TV - 85” Class (84.5” diag.). Within this composite ecology, the ancient limestone of the grand canyon competes with the iMax movie of itself, the production of Mac pros, …
High-Altitude Electrical Discharges Associated With Thunderstorms And Lightning,
2015
Florida Institute of Technology
High-Altitude Electrical Discharges Associated With Thunderstorms And Lightning, Ningyu Liu, Matthew G. Mcharg, Hans C. Stenbaek-Nielsen
Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications
The purpose of this paper is to introduce electrical discharge phenomena known as transient luminous events above thunderstorms to the lightning protection community. Transient luminous events include the upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms known as starters, jets, and gigantic jets, and electrical discharges initiated in the lower ionosphere such as sprites, halos, and elves. We give an overview of these phenomena with a focus on starters, jets, gigantic jets, and sprites, because similar to ordinary lightning, streamers and leaders are basic components of these four types of transient luminous events. We present a few recent observations to illustrate their main …
Considerations For Estimating The 20th Century Trend In Global Mean Sea Level,
2015
Old Dominion University
Considerations For Estimating The 20th Century Trend In Global Mean Sea Level, B. D. Hamlington, P. R. Thompson
CCPO Publications
Recent efforts in reconstructing historical sea level change have led to a range of published estimates for the global mean sea level trend over the last century. Disagreement in these estimates can be attributed to two factors: (1) differences in analysis and/or reconstruction techniques and (2) differences in tide gauge selection and quality control of the data. Here the impact of tide gauge selection is explored by calculating global mean trends using three different tide gauge data sets that have been utilized in recent reconstruction studies. The inclusion of tide gauge records that are affected by unresolved internal variability and/or …
Sea Level Trends In Southeast Asian Seas,
2015
Old Dominion University
Sea Level Trends In Southeast Asian Seas, M. W. Strassburg, B. D. Hamlington, R. R. Manrung, J. Lumban-Gaol, B. Nababan, K.-Y. Kim
CCPO Publications
Southeast Asian seas span the largest archipelago in the global ocean and provide a complex oceanic pathway connecting the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Southeast Asian sea regional sea level trends are some of the highest observed in the modern satellite altimeter record that now spans almost 2 decades. Initial comparisons of global sea level reconstructions find that 17-year sea level trends over the past 60 years exhibit good agreement with decadal variability associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and related fluctuations of trade winds in the region. The Southeast Asian sea region exhibits sea level trends that vary dramatically …
Effects Of Climate Oscillations On Wind Resource Variability In The United States,
2015
Old Dominion University
Effects Of Climate Oscillations On Wind Resource Variability In The United States, B. D. Hamlington, P. E. Hamlington, S. G. Collins, S. R. Alexander, K.-Y. Kim
CCPO Publications
Natural climate variations in the United States wind resource are assessed by using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (CSEOFs) to decompose wind reanalysis data. Compared to approaches that average climate signals or assume stationarity of the wind resource on interannual time scales, the CSEOF analysis isolates variability associated with specific climate oscillations, as well as their modulation from year to year. Contributions to wind speed variability from the modulated annual cycle (MAC) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are quantified, and information provided by the CSEOF analysis further allows the spatial variability of these effects to be determined. The impacts of …
Remote Sensing And Modeling Of Atmospheric Dust And Studying Its Impact On Environment, Weather, And Climate,
2015
Chapman University
Remote Sensing And Modeling Of Atmospheric Dust And Studying Its Impact On Environment, Weather, And Climate, Hesham El-Askary, Seon K. Park, Slobodan Nickovic, Mian Chin
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
An overview of the 2015 volume of Advances in Meteorology, which was co-edited by Chapman faculty member Dr. Hesham El-Askary.
Feasibility Of Using Biofuel By-Products As A Sustainable Nutritional Resource For Aquaculture Production Of Litopenaeus Vannamei,
2015
Nova Southeastern University
Feasibility Of Using Biofuel By-Products As A Sustainable Nutritional Resource For Aquaculture Production Of Litopenaeus Vannamei, Erik David Demicco
HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations
Many different algal species can provide an acceptable protein ingredient, with good digestibility, for shrimp feeds. Compared to fish meal, similar protein, carbohydrate, and lipid levels can be found in select algal species. Traditional shrimp diets in aquaculture rely on fish meal and fish oil from pelagic fish fisheries. A reduction or elimination of these ingredients would reduce the dependency of shrimp aquaculture on offshore fisheries and increase economic competiveness. Biofuel production produces algal by-products of potential use to aquaculturists that might reduce or eliminate the need for fisheries products in shrimp feed. Established uses for by-products from biofuel production …
Diagnosis Of The Source Of Medium-Range Forecast Errors For An Extratropical Cyclone,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
Diagnosis Of The Source Of Medium-Range Forecast Errors For An Extratropical Cyclone, William Lamberson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Medium-range forecasts of an extratropical cyclone set to impact Western Europe on 16 Dec 2011 consistently predicted that the cyclone would be intense, with a minimum pressure as low as 930-hPa and an expansive area of high winds. In actuality, the cyclone never deepened below 965-hPa and its impact on Western Europe was minimal.
Modulation Of East African Precipitation By The Indian Ocean Dipole (Iod) And Enso,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
Modulation Of East African Precipitation By The Indian Ocean Dipole (Iod) And Enso, Ahmed Shaaban
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Tropical East Africa is influenced by two main rainy seasons, during autumn and spring. During autumn, tropical East African precipitation is clearly influenced by Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and/or ENSO. During spring, there is no clear SST pattern in the Indian Ocean. The association between El Niño and positive IOD phases is much stronger than the association between La Niña and negative IOD during October and November. During October, the association between El Niño and wet condition over tropical eastern Africa is stronger than association between La Niña and dry conditions. During November, the association between positive IOD and eastern …
An Analysis Of High-Impact, Low-Predictive Skill Severe Weather Events In The Northeast U.S,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
An Analysis Of High-Impact, Low-Predictive Skill Severe Weather Events In The Northeast U.S, Matthew Thomas Vaughan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
An objective evaluation of Storm Prediction Center slight risk convective outlooks, as well as a method to identify high-impact severe weather events with poor-predictive skill are presented in this study. The objectives are to assess severe weather forecast skill over the northeast U.S. relative to the continental U.S., build a climatology of high-impact, low-predictive skill events between 1980–2013, and investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic differences between severe weather events with low-predictive skill and high-predictive skill over the northeast U.S. Severe storm reports of hail, wind, and tornadoes are used to calculate skill scores including probability of detection (POD), false alarm …
Extreme Hydrometeorological Events In The Peruvian Central Andes During Austral Summer And Their Relationship With The Large-Scale Circulation,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
Extreme Hydrometeorological Events In The Peruvian Central Andes During Austral Summer And Their Relationship With The Large-Scale Circulation, Juan Carlos Sulca
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In this Master's dissertation, atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme hydrometeorological events in the Mantaro Basin, Peruvian Central Andes, and their teleconnections during the austral summer (December-January-February-March) are addressed. Extreme rainfall events in the Mantaro basin are related to variations of the large-scale circulation as indicated by the changing strength of the Bolivian High-Nordeste Low (BH-NL) system. Dry (wet) spells are associated with a weakening (strengthening) of the BH-NL system and reduced (enhanced) influx of moist air from the lowlands to the east due to strengthened westerly (easterly) wind anomalies at mid- and upper-tropospheric levels. At the same time extreme …
Evolution Of African Easterly Waves And Their Relationship To Tropical Cyclogenesis,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
Evolution Of African Easterly Waves And Their Relationship To Tropical Cyclogenesis, Alan Brammer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research in this thesis explores the relationship between African easterly waves (AEWs) and tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic. This research utilises 33 years of reanalysis and satellite data to investigate the interaction between AEW troughs, the surrounding environment and the embedded vortex.
The Variability Of Madden-Julian Oscillation Convection And The Role Of The Western Hemisphere Circulation,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Variability Of Madden-Julian Oscillation Convection And The Role Of The Western Hemisphere Circulation, Naoko Sakaeda
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The convective initiation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Indian basin is often associated with eastward-propagating intraseasonal circulation approaching from the Western Hemisphere (WH), which is suggested to influence the onset of MJO convection. This dissertation first documents the event-to-event variability in the characteristics of MJO convection, which shows a geographical discrepancy in the relative roles of moist and dry dynamics on MJO convection. This dissertation then examines the structural evolution and dynamics of the intraseasonal upper-tropospheric circumnavigating circulation over the WH and its subsequent impact on MJO convection over the Indian basin, where MJO convective characteristics are highly …
The Intensification Of Sheared Tropical Cyclones,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Intensification Of Sheared Tropical Cyclones, Leon Nguyen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Environmental vertical wind shear has been shown to have a generally detrimental impact on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change. However, many cases of rapidly intensifying (RI) sheared TCs have been observed, and TCs in moderate (5-10 m s-1) shear often have the largest intensity forecast errors. Thus, advancing the understanding of TC-shear interactions is vital to improving TC intensity forecasts, which have not seen much improvement over the past few decades. This dissertation employs both observational and high-resolution numerical modeling approaches to investigate how some TCs are able to resist shear and intensify.
Evaluating Preferred Direction Tropical Cyclone Track Variability In An Operational Global Ensemble Prediction System,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
Evaluating Preferred Direction Tropical Cyclone Track Variability In An Operational Global Ensemble Prediction System, Travis Elless
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ensemble forecasts of Tropical Storm Debby and Hurricane Sandy (2012) highlight instances where variability in tropical cyclone (TC) position forecasts are stretched along a preferred direction. The goal of this thesis is to analyze this stretching of variability in a global ensemble prediction system, particularly the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), to determine how often and under what conditions does variability stretching occur, and ultimately what feature(s) are responsible for generating this variability.
The Impacts Of Varability In Temperature And Humidity On Electricity Consumption In New York State,
2015
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Impacts Of Varability In Temperature And Humidity On Electricity Consumption In New York State, Eric Adamchick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A seasonal harmonic linear regression approach is presented to model the seasonal and diurnal relationships between surface weather observations and electricity load data in New York State. The relationships between dry-bulb, dew point, and wet-bulb temperatures with electricity load were evaluated using the correlation coefficient to test the strength of the relationships, while the regression slope coefficient provided an interpretable scale for those relationships. We found that the strongest seasonal and diurnal relationships occur during boreal summer from the afternoon through the overnight hours, while similar but negative relationships are observed during the winter. Using the same seasonal harmonic linear …
At-Grade Stabilization Structure Impact On Surface Water Quality Of An
Agricultural Watershed,
2015
Dep. of Land and Water Resources, Dane County
At-Grade Stabilization Structure Impact On Surface Water Quality Of An Agricultural Watershed, Kyle R. Minks, Matthew D. Ruark, Birl Lowery, Fred W. Madison, Dennis Frame, Todd D. Stuntebeck, Matthew J. Komiskey, George J. Kraft
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
Decades of farming and fertilization of farm land in the unglaciated/Driftless Area (DA) of southwestern Wisconsin have resulted in the build-up of P and to some extent, N, in soils. This build-up, combined with steep topography and upper and lower elevation farming (tiered farming), exacerbates problems associated with runoff and nutrient transport in these landscapes. Use of an at-grade stabilization structure (AGSS) as an additional conservation practice to contour strip cropping and no-tillage, proved to be successful in reducing organic and sediment bound N and P within an agricultural watershed located in the DA. The research site was designed as …
Interactive Effects Of Climate Change With Nutrients,
Mercury, And Freshwater Acidification On Key Taxa In The
North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Region,
2015
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Interactive Effects Of Climate Change With Nutrients, Mercury, And Freshwater Acidification On Key Taxa In The North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Region, Alfred E. Pinkney, Charles T. Driscoll, David C. Evers, Michael J. Hooper, Jeffrey Horan, Jess W. Jones, Rebecca S. Lazarus, Harold G. Marshall, Andrew Milliken, Barnett A. Rattner, John Schmerfeld, Donald W. Sparling
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
The North Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative LCC (NA LCC) is a public–private partnership that provides information to support conservation decisions that may be affected by global climate change (GCC) and other threats. The NA LCC region extends from southeast Virginia to the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Within this region, the US National Climate Assessment documented increases in air temperature, total precipitation, frequency of heavy precipitation events, and rising sea level, and predicted more drastic changes. Here, we synthesize literature on the effects of GCC interacting with selected contaminant, nutrient, and environmental processes to adversely affect natural resources within this region. Using …
Global Change And Conservation Triage On National Wildlife Refuges,
2015
Southeast Ecological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Global Change And Conservation Triage On National Wildlife Refuges, Fred Johnson, Mitchell J. Eaton, Gerard Mcmahon, Raye Nilius, Michael R. Bryant, Dave Case, Julien Martin, Nathan Wood, Laura Taylor
United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications
National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff. We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to …
