Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

New And Improved Infra-Red Absorption Cross Sections And Ace-Fts Retrievals Of Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl4), Jeremy J. Harrison, Christopher D. Boone, Peter F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is one of the species regulated by the Montreal Protocol on account of its ability to deplete stratospheric ozone. As such, the inconsistency between observations of its abundance and estimated sources and sinks is an important problem requiring urgent attention (Carpenter et al., 2014) [5]. Satellite remote-sensing has a role to play, particularly limb sounders which can provide vertical profiles into the stratosphere and therefore validate stratospheric loss rates in atmospheric models. This work is in two parts. The first describes new and improved high-resolution infra-red absorption cross sections of carbon tetrachloride/dry synthetic air over …

The Hitran2016 Molecular Spectroscopic Database, I. E. Gordon, L. S. Rothman, C. Hill, R. V. Kochanov, Y. Tan, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, A. Campargue, K. V. Chance

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional …

Water–Soil–Vegetation Dynamic Interactions In Changing Climate, Xixi Wang, Xuefeng Chu, Tingxi Liu, Xiangju Cheng, Rich Whittecar

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Previous studies of land degradation, topsoil erosion, and hydrologic alteration typically focus on these subjects individually, missing important interrelationships among these important aspects of the Earth's system. However, an understanding of water–soil–vegetation dynamic interactions is needed to develop practical and effective solutions to sustain the globe's eco-environment and grassland agriculture, which depends on grasses, legumes, and other fodder or soil-building crops. This special issue is intended to be a platform for a discussion of the relevant scientific findings based on experimental and/or modeling studies. Its 12 peer-reviewed articles present data, novel analysis/modeling approaches, and convincing results of water–soil–vegetation interactions under …

Effects Of Sea Level Rise On Hydrology: Case Study In A Typical Mid-Atlantic Coastal Watershed, Xixi Wang, Rui Li, Homa Jalaeian Taghadomi, Shohreh Pedram, Xiao Zhao

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Sea level rise (SLR) can negatively affect the hydrology of coastal watersheds. However, the relevant information is incomplete and insufficient in existing literature. The objective of this study is to present a modeling approach to predict long-term effects of SLR on changes of flood peak, flood stage, and groundwater table with an assumption that the historical climate would reoccur in the future. The study was conducted for a typical coastal watershed in southeast USA. The results indicate that sea level had been rising at a rate of 4.21 mm yr⁻¹ from 1948 to 1982 but at a faster rate …

Factors Influencing Cladophora Biomass Abundance In The Upper Clark Fork River, Montana., Nicholas J. Banish

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Investigating Coral Bleaching In A Changing Climate: Our State Of Understanding And Opportunities To Push The Field Forward, Mark E. Warner, Daniel Barshis, Sarah Davies, Andréa G. Grottoli, Todd C. Lajeunesse, Robert Van Woesik

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

[First Paragraph]

Coral reefs throughout the world are facing the consequences of large-scale changes in Earth’s climate. In particular, ocean warming is leading to frequent coral bleaching, which is threatening the long-term stability of coral reefs. Coral bleaching is a stress response that results in the disassociation of the mutualistic symbioses (i.e., dysbiosis) between corals and their endosymbiotic algae (Symbiodinium spp.). In the past two decades, there have been four substantial bleaching events, which have affected large geographic areas across the globe, including the worst recorded bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 (Berkelmans et al. 2004; Eakin …

Remote Sensing Observation Of Annual Dust Cycles And Possible Causality Of Kawasaki Disease Outbreaks In Japan, Hesham El-Askary, Nick Lahaye, Erik J. Linstead, William A. Sprigg, Magdi Yacoub

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare vascular disease that, if left untreated, can result in irreparable cardiac damage in children. While the symptoms of KD are well-known, as are best practices for treatment, the etiology of the disease and the factors contributing to KD outbreaks remain puzzling to both medical practitioners and scientists alike. Recently, a fungus known as Candida, originating in the farmlands of China, has been blamed for outbreaks in China and Japan, with the hypothesis that it can be transported over long ranges via different wind mechanisms. This paper provides evidence to understand the transport mechanisms …

Multi-Modal And Short-Range Transmission Loss In Ice-Covered, Near-Shore Arctic Waters, Miles B. Penhale

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In the past century, extensive research has been done regarding the sound propagation in arctic ice sheets. The majority of this research has focused on low frequency propagation over long distances. One of the most commonly used excitation methods for air-ice-water layers has been explosives. However, environmental regulation has become more stringent, disallowing the use of almost all explosive excitation types. Due to changing climate conditions in these environments, new experimentation is warranted to determine sound propagation characteristics in, through, and under thin ice sheets, in shallow water, over short distances. In April, 2016 several experiments were conducted approximately 2 …

Laboratory, Computational And Theoretical Investigations Of Ice Nucleation And Its Implications For Mixed Phase Clouds, Fan Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Ice particles in atmospheric clouds play an important role in determining cloud lifetime, precipitation and radiation. It is therefore important to understand the whole life cycle of ice particles in the atmosphere, e.g., where they come from (nucleation), how they evolve (growth), and where they go (precipitation). Ice nucleation is the crucial step for ice formation, and in this study, we will mainly focus on ice nucleation in the lab and its effect on mixed-phase stratiform clouds.

In the first half of this study, we investigate the relevance of moving contact lines (i.e., the region where three or more phases …

Quantifying Carbonyl Sulfide And Other Sulfur-Containing Compounds Over The Santa Barbara Channel, Julia Black

Scripps Senior Theses

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is emitted to the atmosphere through the outgassing of ocean surface waters. OCS is also the primary source of sulfur-containing compounds in the stratosphere and contributes to the formation of the stratospheric sulfate layer, an essential controller of the radiative balance of the atmosphere. During the 2016 Student Airborne Research Program (SARP), 15 whole air samples were collected on the NASA DC-8 aircraft over the Santa Barbara Channel. Five additional surface samples were taken at various locations along the Santa Barbara Channel. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography in the Rowland-Blake lab at UC Irvine, and …

Editorial—The 7th International Workshop On Modeling The Ocean (Iwmo 2015), Lie-Yauw Oey, Xiao Hua Wang, Tal Ezer, Yign Noh, Andrew Mcc. Hogg

CCPO Publications

IWMO2015 was held in the pristine campus of the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, from June 1–5, 2015. Despite the negative Coriolis spin that many of us from the northern half of the globe experienced for the first time, we were positively impressed by the vastness and beauty of Australia and the kindness and friendliness of its people. Late fall in Canberra displayed spectacular starry nights and brisk sunny days. The workshop was attended by more than 80 participants from 16 countries around the globe. Seventy papers including both oral and posters were presented, covering a very broad range of …

Editorial-The 6th International Workshop On Modeling The Ocean (Iwmo 2014), Lie-Yauw Oey, Tal Ezer, Jinyu Sheng, Fei Chai, Jianping Gan, Kevin Lamb

CCPO Publications

The 6th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2014) was held on June 23–27, 2014, at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. After three meetings in Asia (Oey et al. 2010, 2013a, b) and one in Europe (Berntsen et al. 2014), the IWMO returned to North America for the second time (since IWMO 2010 in the USA; Ezer et al. 2011). Readers are referred to https://www.dal.ca/sites/iwmo. html for more information on IWMO 2014 and http://www. ccpo.odu.edu/POMWEB /meetings.htm for information on the past meetings and future planned meetings.

Pathways And Supply Of Dissolved Iron In The Amundsen Sea (Antarctica), P. St-Laurent, P. L. Yager, R. M. Sherrell, S. E. Stammerjohn, M. S. Dinniman

CCPO Publications

Numerous coastal polynyas fringe the Antarctic continent and strongly influence the productivity of Antarctic shelf systems. Of the 46 Antarctic coastal polynyas documented in a recent study, the Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) stands out as having the highest net primary production per unit area. Incubation experiments suggest that this productivity is partly controlled by the availability of dissolved iron (dFe).As a first step toward understanding the iron supply of the ASP, we introduce four plausible sources of dFe and simulate their steady spatial distribution using conservative numerical tracers. The modeled distributions replicate important features from observations including dFe maxima at …

Development Of An Age-Frequency Distribution For Ocean Quahogs Arctica Islandica On Georges Bank, Sara M. Pace, Eric N. Powell, Roger Mann, M. Chase Long, John M. Klinck

CCPO Publications

Ocean quahogs [Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1769)] are the longest-lived, noncolonial animal known today, with a maximum life span exceeding 500 y. Ocean quahogs are a commercially important bivalve, inhabiting the continental shelf of the North Atlantic Basin. Although considerable information exists on the growth and physiology of A. islandica, limited information is available regarding recruitment; accordingly, sustainably managing the fishery is a challenge. To investigate long-term recruitment trends, the age of ocean quahogs from Georges Bank which were fully recruited to the commercial fishery (>80 mm shell length) was determined by analysis of annual growth lines in …

Differential Responses Of Soil Greenhouse Gas Production And Denitrification To Salinity Alterations Along A Wetland Salinity Gradient, Natalie Ceresnak

LSU Master's Theses

Coastal wetlands provide several valuable services, such as carbon (C) storage and nitrogen (N) removal. Although wetlands serve as net C sinks, wetland soils release greenhouse gases (GHGs) including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Wetlands can buffer the influx of nitrate (NO3-) by transforming it into gaseous N (N2O, N2) through denitrification microbial pathway. Salinity is a regulator of soil biogeochemistry and long- (e.g. saltwater intrusion) and short-term (e.g. storm surges, river diversions) exposures may affect soil GHG production and denitrification. In this study, soil GHG production and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates were examined over …

Modeling The Influence Of Energy And Climate Megatrends On Future Costs And Benefits Of Marsh Creation In The Mississippi Delta, Adrian R. H. Wiegman

LSU Master's Theses

Over 25% of Mississippi delta (MRDP) wetlands were lost over the past century. There is currently a major effort to restore the MRDP focused on a 50-year time horizon, a period during which the energy system and climate will change dramatically. I modeled hydraulic dredging to sustain marsh from 2016-2066 and 2016-2100 under a range of scenarios for sea level rise, energy price, and management regimes. A marsh elevation model was calibrated to data from MRDP marshes. I developed a model to simulate dredging costs based on the price of crude oil and a project efficiency factor. Crude oil prices …

Forecasting The Air Race Classic: Lessons In Interdisciplinary Aviation Weather Support And Decision-Making, Shawn M. Milrad, Debbie Schaum

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The Air Race Classic (ARC) is an all-female Visual Flight Rules air race held each June. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach (ERAU-DB) has had primarily student race teams participate and frequently place strongly in the ARC since 1996. The ERAU-DB Meteorology Program has provided successful weather support to ERAU-DB race team(s) for the past decade, including as the terminus host institution in 2016. In 2014, the weather support was formalized as a three-credit interdisciplinary summer course, incorporating a mix of aeronautical science (pilot), dispatch, and meteorology students. Using concepts of service and experiential learning, the ARC course has successfully integrated …

The Biology Of Climate Change: The Effects Of Changing Climate On Migrating And Over-Wintering Species At A High-Elevation Field Station, Carrie A. Wu, Ellwein Amy

Biology Faculty Publications

Students engage with long-term environmental and phenology data sets (spanning over 40 years) collected at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, a high-elevation field station in Colorado, to explore the effects of climate change on the phenology of migrating and hibernating species. After becoming familiar with the geographic context, people involved with the data collection, and organisms studied through background readings and videos, students explore the raw data set in Excel or using an interactive data visualization tool. In small groups, students reproduce figures and regressions from Inouye et al. (2000) based on those data, then expand their analyses with data …

Fukushima Daiichi-Derived Radionuclides In The Ocean: Transport, Fate, And Impacts, Ken O. Buesseler, Minhan Dai, Michio Aoyama, Claudia R. Benítez-Nelson,, Sabine S. Charmasson, Kathryn A. Higley, Vladimir S. Maderich, Pere Masqué, Paul J. Morris, Deborah H. Oughton, John N. Smith

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The events that followed the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, included the loss of power and overheating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, which led to extensive releases of radioactive gases, volatiles, and liquids, particularly to the coastal ocean. The fate of these radionuclides depends in large part on their oceanic geochemistry, physical processes, and biological uptake. Whereas radioactivity on land can be resampled and its distribution mapped, releases to the marine environment are harder to characterize owing to variability in ocean currents and the general challenges of sampling at sea. Five years later, it is …

Addressing Calcium Carbonate Cycling In Blue Carbon Accounting, Peter I. Macreadie, Oscar Serrano, Damien T. Maher, Carlos M. Duarte, John Beardall

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Scientific Significance Statement

There is considerable interest in measuring the capacity of the world's ecosystems to trap and store excess atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate human‐induced climate change. Blue carbon describes the carbon storage potential of vegetated coastal ecosystems including tidal marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses. Efforts are now underway to include blue carbon in global carbon offset schemes by managing these ecosystems to enhance carbon sequestration by focusing on their effect on organic carbon processing. However, it is unclear what role inorganic carbon processing in blue carbon ecosystems plays in their overall carbon sequestration. Here, we argue that there are …