Assessment Of Tidal Range Changes In The North Sea From 1958 To 2014,
2021
Old Dominion University
Assessment Of Tidal Range Changes In The North Sea From 1958 To 2014, Leon Jänicke, Andra Ebener, Sönke Dangendorf, Arne Arns, Michael Schindelegger, Sebastian Niehüser, Ivan D. Haigh, Philip Woodworth, Jürgen Jensen
CCPO Publications
We document an exceptional large-spatial scale case of changes in tidal range in the North Sea, featuring pronounced trends between -2.3 mm/yr at tide gauges in the United Kingdom and up to 7 mm/yr in the German Bight between 1958 and 2014. These changes are spatially heterogeneous and driven by a superposition of local and large-scale processes within the basin. We use principal component analysis to separate large-scale signals appearing coherently over multiple stations from rather localized changes. We identify two leading principal components (PCs) that explain about 69% of tidal range changes in the entire North Sea including the …
Dynamical Downscaling Projections Of Late 21st Century U.S. Landfalling Hurricane Activity,
2021
Old Dominion University
Dynamical Downscaling Projections Of Late 21st Century U.S. Landfalling Hurricane Activity, Thomas R. Knutson, Joseph J. Sirutis, Morris A. Bender, Robert E. Tuleya
CCPO Publications
U.S. landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) activity was projected for late 21st century conditions using a two-step dynamical downscaling framework. A regional atmospheric model, run for 27 seasons, generated tropical storm cases. Each storm case was re-simulated (up to 15 days) using the higher resolution GFDL hurricane model. Thirteen CMIP3 or CMIP5 modeled climate change projections were explored as scenarios. Robustness of projections was assessed using statistical significance tests and comparing the sign of changes derived from different models. The proportion of TCs (tropical storms and hurricanes) making U.S. landfall increases for the warming scenarios (by order 50% or more). For …
Seasonal Variations And Long-Term Trend Of Mineral Dust And The Effects Of Dust On Cloud And Precipitations,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Seasonal Variations And Long-Term Trend Of Mineral Dust And The Effects Of Dust On Cloud And Precipitations, Yanda Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
For its enormous emission rate and long-range transport ability, mineral dust is one of the most abundant aerosol species, contributing to about half of the global atmospheric aerosol dry mass burden. A series of studies demonstrated the significant influences of mineral dust on air quality, public health, biogeochemical cycles, and climate systems. In the atmosphere, mineral dust is known to have important impacts on the Earth system through direct effects (scattering and absorbing shortwave and longwave radiations), semi-direct effects (changing atmospheric temperature structure and cloud lifetime), and indirect effects (influencing cloud microphysics processes as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating …
Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Interaction : Sensitivity Of Weather Forecast Models To Complex Land Surface Conditions In New York State,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Interaction : Sensitivity Of Weather Forecast Models To Complex Land Surface Conditions In New York State, Lanxi Min
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The land-atmosphere coupling system is important for the simulation of key quantities like surface temperature, precipitation, and radiative energy. Over the complex terrain of New York State, the land-atmosphere coupling process is quite complex and misrepresenting the coupling processes could lead to strong biases. Evaluating the weather forecasting models is vital for enhancing understanding of physical and processes and further improving the model forecasting. A comprehensive observation network, the New York State Mesonet (NYSM) provides a great opportunity to investigate how the land atmosphere coupling process are simulated over complex terrain region. This research includes three components. In first part, …
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Arshad Arjunan Nair
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric ammonia has received recent attention due to (a) its increasing trend across various regions of the globe; (b) the associated direct and indirect (through PM2.5) effects on human health, the ecosystem, and climate; and (c) recent evidence of its role in significantly enhancing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF or nucleation) rates. The mechanisms behind nucleation in the atmosphere are not fully understood, although over the last decade there have been significant developments in our understanding. This dissertation aims at improving our understanding of atmospheric ammonia in the atmosphere, its spatiotemporal variability, its role in atmospheric new particle formation, and …
The Impact Of North Pacific And North Atlantic Baroclinic Cyclones On Downstream Predictability,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Impact Of North Pacific And North Atlantic Baroclinic Cyclones On Downstream Predictability, Adam Wayne Sisco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Baroclinic cyclogenesis can act as an impulsive disturbance along the midlatitude waveguide and promote the dispersion of Rossby waves, potentially impacting the predictability of the downstream midlatitude flow. Indeed, several studies have traced medium-range forecast errors and uncertainties to upstream cyclone development, especially when diabatic processes are involved in modifying the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) distribution. However, it remains unclear why some forecasts downstream of cyclogenesis are particularly uncertain while others are not. This study uses a 30-yr (1985–2014) sample of cool-season North Pacific and North Atlantic baroclinic cyclones and forecasts from the second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) reforecast …
Identifying The Microphysical Sensitivities Of Mesoscale And Synoptic Precipitation Using An Ensemble Framework,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Identifying The Microphysical Sensitivities Of Mesoscale And Synoptic Precipitation Using An Ensemble Framework, Lauriana Gaudet
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Through ensemble sensitivity analysis, this dissertation aims to identify the amount of forecast uncertainty that stems from the representation of mixed-phase cloud microphysics within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The first research thrust focuses on how the evolution of ice crystal shape and choice of ice nucleation parameterization in the Adaptive Habit Microphysics Model (AHM) influences the lake-effect storm that occurred during Intensive Operating Period 4 (IOP4) of the Ontario Winter Lake Effect Systems (OWLeS) Field Campaign. This localized snowstorm produced total liquid-equivalent precipitation amounts up to 17.92 mm during a 16-hour time period, providing a natural laboratory …
The Sensitivity Of Convection To Boundary Layer Parameterization In Hurricanes Harvey And Irma 2017,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Sensitivity Of Convection To Boundary Layer Parameterization In Hurricanes Harvey And Irma 2017, Dylan Card
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose a significant threat to life and property, and exhibit many severe weather hazards as they make landfall, such as storm surge, strong winds, flooding rains, and tornadoes. TC convection is associated with nearly all of these hazards, which can extend hundreds of kilometers inland; thus, understanding the characteristics and organization of convective cells is important to mitigating risk. Observational studies have noted that TC convection tends to organize downshear and that rotating thunderstorms tend to occur in the downshear-right quadrant of the TC. Modeling studies have also shown that convective cells tend to form upshear right …
Aerosol And Terrain Effects On Winter Cloud And Precipitation Over New York State,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Aerosol And Terrain Effects On Winter Cloud And Precipitation Over New York State, Yuyi Du
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Prediction of regional weather and climate regarding precipitation for a region such as the Northeast US with its complex terrain and aerosol environment constitutes a major challenge. Furthermore, complex thermodynamic structures occur in and around New York State (NYS) owing to its complex topography paired with its coastal regions, ultimately affecting cloud and precipitation microphysics. The microphysical processes within the weather systems that produce orographic precipitation are not fully understood. These processes include, but are not limited to, liquid-ice interactions, ice growth through vapor deposition, riming, and aggregation, cloud-aerosol interactions, and melting and refreezing upon sedimentation to the surface. These …
An Examination Of The Arctic Environment And Arctic Cyclones During Periods Of Low And High Forecast Skill Of The Synoptic-Scale Flow,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
An Examination Of The Arctic Environment And Arctic Cyclones During Periods Of Low And High Forecast Skill Of The Synoptic-Scale Flow, Kevin Biernat
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation compares Arctic environmental conditions and Arctic cyclones (ACs) between periods of low and high forecast skill of the synoptic-scale flow over the Arctic during summer, hereafter referred to as low-skill periods and high-skill periods, respectively. This dissertation also examines features and processes influencing the evolution and forecast skill of selected categories of ACs.
Physical Characteristics And Microphysical Processing Of Atmospheric Aerosol In Rural And Urban New York State,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Physical Characteristics And Microphysical Processing Of Atmospheric Aerosol In Rural And Urban New York State, Joseph Marto
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric aerosol has profound impacts on air quality, though particles of differing sizes can have profoundly different characteristics which are understated when measurements are reported as a single parameter (typically number concentration or total mass). To address some of these concerns and to better understand the nature of atmospheric aerosol, continuous particle size distributions have been measured at two sites in New York State. Measurement was performed for particle diameters between 7.6nm - 20µm at Pinnacle State Park (Addison, New York; March 2017-April 2018) and Queens College (May 2018-September 2019) at a 5-minute time resolution. At Pinnacle State Park, aerosol …
Process-Based Evaluation Of Stochastic Perturbed Parameterization Tendencies On Ensemble Forecasts Of Heavy Rainfall Events,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Process-Based Evaluation Of Stochastic Perturbed Parameterization Tendencies On Ensemble Forecasts Of Heavy Rainfall Events, Kevin Michael Lupo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Stochastic model error schemes, such as the stochastic perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT) and independent SPPT (iSPPT) schemes, have become an increasingly utilized method to represent model error associated with uncertain subgrid-scale processes in ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). While much of the current literature focuses on how stochastic methods influence ensemble skill, relatively less attention is given to the processes by which these schemes lead to forecast variability. In this vein, this dissertation examines the physical processes by which the application of SPPT and iSPPT to the microphysics, planetary boundary layer (PBL), and radiation parameterization schemes yields rainfall forecast variability. These …
Evaluating The Performance Of National Water Model Snow Simulations In The Northeastern United States Using Advanced Mesonet Observations,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Evaluating The Performance Of National Water Model Snow Simulations In The Northeastern United States Using Advanced Mesonet Observations, Patrick William Naple
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Snow is a critical component in the hydrologic cycle and critical to runoff in many regions. While not as deep or persistent as snow in the Western United States (WUS) , snow in the Northeastern US (NEUS) is critical to water resource management and flood forecasting. For hydrological applications, snow is simulated using coupled hydrology models . These models couple numerical weather models, land surface models, and channel routing models that simulate water transport. One such coupled hydrology model is the NOAA National Water Model (NWM), implemented in 2016. The NWM runs a specific configuration of the WRF-Hydro community model. …
A Comparison Of The Upscale Influence Of Various Planetary Boundary Layer Turbulence Parameterizations On The Evolution Of Extratropical Cyclones,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Comparison Of The Upscale Influence Of Various Planetary Boundary Layer Turbulence Parameterizations On The Evolution Of Extratropical Cyclones, Matthew Vaughan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Subgrid-scale turbulence in numerical weather prediction models is typically handled by a PBL parameterization. These schemes attempt to represent turbulent mixing processes occurring below the resolvable scale of the model grid in the vertical direction, and they act upon temperature, moisture, and momentum within the boundary layer. This dissertation utilizes idealized and full-physics numerical model simulations to understand how variations in turbulent mixing parameterizations may influence sensible weather forecasts of baroclinic cyclones across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, a primary pathway through which PBL turbulence projects upscale during baroclinic cyclone events is identified using a combination of …
Pesticide Occurrence And Persistence Entering Recreational Lakes In Watersheds Of Varying Land Uses,
2021
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Pesticide Occurrence And Persistence Entering Recreational Lakes In Watersheds Of Varying Land Uses, Jessica Satiroff, Tiffany Messer, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Daniel D. Snow
Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications
Currently little is known of newer pesticide classes and their occurrence and persistence in recreational lakes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) assess average pesticide concentrations and loadings entering recreational lakes in three mixed land use watersheds throughout the growing season, (2) evaluate pesticide persistence longitudinally within the lakes, and (3) perform an ecotoxicity assessment. Six sampling campaigns were conducted at three lakes from April through October 2018 to measure the occurrence and persistence during pre, middle, and post growing season. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were placed in streams near lake inlets and monthly samples …
Occurrence Of Arsenite In Surface And Groundwater Associated With A Perennial Stream Located In Western Nebraska, Usa,
2021
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Occurrence Of Arsenite In Surface And Groundwater Associated With A Perennial Stream Located In Western Nebraska, Usa, Arindam Malakar, Rajesh Singh, Jeffrey Westrop, Karrie A. Weber, Christopher N. Elofson, Manish Kumar, Daniel D. Snow
Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications
Dissolved arsenic typically results from chemical weathering of arsenic rich sediments and is most often found in oxidized forms in surface water. The mobility of arsenic is controlled by its valence state and also by its association with iron oxides minerals, the forms of which are both influenced by abiotic and biotic processes in aqueous environment. In this study, speciation methods were used to measure and confirm the presence of reduced arsenic species in the surface water of Frenchman creek, a gaining stream that crosses the Colorado- Nebraska border. Selective extraction analysis of aquifer and stream bed sediments shows that …
Droughtscape, Winter 2021,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Droughtscape, Winter 2021, National Drought Mitigation Center
DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)
DroughtScape, Winter 2021
A Novel Binary Pipette Splitting Sediment Subsampling Method For Improving Reproducibility In Laser-Diffraction Particle-Size Analysis,
2021
Coastal Carolina University
A Novel Binary Pipette Splitting Sediment Subsampling Method For Improving Reproducibility In Laser-Diffraction Particle-Size Analysis, Zhixiong Shen, Nicholas Conway, Till J.J. Hanebuth
Marine Science
Laser-diffraction analysis has been established as one of the standard methods for particle-size distribution (PSD) measurement. However, the uncertainty when analyzing naturally heterogeneous sediment is poorly constrained for the lack of control on one of its largest error sources simply originating from subsampling. Here, we introduce a novel subsampling method, binary pipette splitting (BPS), and verify its precision by using sediment samples from ten flood-layer deposits that have formed in the wake of Hurricane Florence (2018). The BPS approach avoids extracting from only a fixed part of the suspended fluid but considers all the suspended sediment, resulting in the generation …
Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences The Settlement Of Fucus Spiralis L. Zygotes,
2021
Coastal Carolina University
Naturally Occurring Rock Type Influences The Settlement Of Fucus Spiralis L. Zygotes, William G. Ambrose, Paul E. Renaud, David C. Adler, Robert L. Vadas
Marine Science
The settlement of spores and larvae on hard substrates has been shown to be influenced by many factors, but few studies have evaluated how underlying bedrock may influence recruitment. The characteristics of coastal rock types such as color, heat capacity, mineral size, and free energy have all been implicated in settlement success. We examined the influence of naturally occurring rock types on the initial attachment of zygotes of the brown alga Fucus spiralis Linnaeus 1753. We also assessed the dislodgment of zygotes on four bedrock types after initial attachment in laboratory experiments using wave tanks. Settling plates were prepared from …
Aquatic Macrophyte Communities In Five Sibley County (Minnesota) Lakes And The Factors That Affect Their Distribution,
2021
Minnesota State University, Mankato
Aquatic Macrophyte Communities In Five Sibley County (Minnesota) Lakes And The Factors That Affect Their Distribution, Samuel A. Schmid
All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects
The purposes of this study are to 1) quantify the shifts in the macrophyte community structure of five lakes in Sibley County, and 2) to assess the relationships between the macrophyte communities and abiotic factors in these five lakes. In both the early and late growing season of 2019, point-intercept surveys were conducted on High Island Lake, Titlow Lake, Schilling Lake, Silver Lake, and Clear Lake. At each point, water depth was recorded, and all macrophytes sampled were identified and recorded as “present.” There was not a late season survey conducted for High Island Lake in 2019 due to a …
