General Relativistic Gravity In Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations, 2024 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
General Relativistic Gravity In Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations, James Nicholas Roberts Ii
Doctoral Dissertations
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are some of the most extreme and complex phenomena in the universe. The toolkit for high-order neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics (thornado) is being developed to simulate CCSNe which will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying these events. The thornado framework is a collection of modules used to calculate the effects of gravity, hydrodynamics, neutrino transport, and nuclear physics through the Weaklib equation of state table. This dissertation will present the development of the Poseidon code, which provides the general relativistic gravity solver for the thornado framework.
The Poseidon code solves for the general relativistic metric using the xCFC formulation …
Identifying The O’Connell Effect In Eclipsing Binary Stars, 2024 Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
Identifying The O’Connell Effect In Eclipsing Binary Stars, Nicholas Paolella
Computer Science and Information Technology Faculty
Data science techniques have wide-ranging applications throughout scientific explorations. One, is filtering astronomical data to better understand specific populations, such as binary stars. Specifically, binary stars that exhibit the O’Connell effect are worthy of study as this phenomenon is still not well understood. The O’Connell effect can be defined as the asymmetry of maxima in the light curves, as captured by the instrument, while observing the eclipsing binary system in question. There is significant data captured by NASA and curated by Villanova University, which enabled the investigation of eclipsing binary stars and the attributes of which may help identify the …
Using Gaussian Processes To Measure M-Dwarf Rotation Periods From Ground-Based Light Curves, 2024 The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Using Gaussian Processes To Measure M-Dwarf Rotation Periods From Ground-Based Light Curves, Ryan J. Lebron
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Stellar rotation is a readily observable characteristic that plays a crucial role in the generation and activity of magnetic fields through a process known as a magnetic dynamo. For low mass main sequence stars, they exhibit fully convective interiors, giving rise to a distinct dynamo mechanism compared to solar-type stars. Examining the rotational speeds of these stars can offer valuable insights into the workings of these mechanisms. To measure these rotation periods, we developed a pipeline to analyze 192 archival light curves of low mass stars observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) by utilizing a combination of Lomb-Scargle and …
Illustris-Tng Simulated Central Black Mass(Mbh) And Galaxy Properties Correlations With A Machine Learning Approach, 2024 The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Illustris-Tng Simulated Central Black Mass(Mbh) And Galaxy Properties Correlations With A Machine Learning Approach, Imani L. Dindy
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Observationaly it is well established that the masses of central black holes are tightly correlated with galaxy properties, most notably the bulge’s velocity dispersion. Cosmolog- ical hydrodynamical simulations can capture most of these correlations, but it is yet not understood why this occurs. To gain greater insight into central black hole growth we use machine learning algorithms to study the relationship between central black hole mass(MBH) and other galaxy properties at z=0 in the TNG simulations. We find that the central black hole mass can be accurately predicted with just a few galaxy properties only if the central black hole …
Classification Of Major Solar Flares From Extremely Imbalanced Multivariate Time Series Data Using Minimally Random Convolutional Kernel Transform, 2024 Utah State University
Classification Of Major Solar Flares From Extremely Imbalanced Multivariate Time Series Data Using Minimally Random Convolutional Kernel Transform, Kartik Saini, Khaznah Alshammari, Shah Muhammad Hamdi, Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi
Computer Science Faculty and Staff Publications
Solar flares are characterized by sudden bursts of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun’s surface, and are caused by the changes in magnetic field states in active solar regions. Earth and its surrounding space environment can suffer from various negative impacts caused by solar flares, ranging from electronic communication disruption to radiation exposure-based health risks to astronauts. In this paper, we address the solar flare prediction problem from magnetic field parameter-based multivariate time series (MVTS) data using multiple state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers that include MINImally RandOm Convolutional KErnel Transform (MiniRocket), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Canonical Interval Forest (CIF), Multiple Representations Sequence …
Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect In The Intra-Cluster Medium, 2024 University of Minnesota - Morris
Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect In The Intra-Cluster Medium, Nathan Fronk
Senior Seminars and Capstones
This paper covers the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, it’s derivation, and it’s applications in astronomy. The effect is a result of inverse Compton scattering in a cloud of hot charged particles, causing an increase in the temperature of the the cosmic microwave background radiation passing through the cloud. This change in temperature can be measured, and used to calculate the physical properties of the structure in question. This paper focuses on the a method used by Adam et al. (2017) to find a temperature map of the intra-cluster medium.
Models Of Low Mass Stars As Physical Labratories, 2024 Dartmouth College
Models Of Low Mass Stars As Physical Labratories, Emily M. Boudreaux
Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations
Low mass stars account for approximately 70 percent of the stellar populations (Conroy & Van Dokkum, 2012); yet, due to their small sizes and cool temperatures they account for only a small fraction of the galaxies luminosity function (Laughlin et al., 1997). Moreover, due to the lack of laboratory conditions available to astronomy and astrophysics low mass stars can provide a rare controlled environment for calibrations of numerical models. Consequently, across multiple domains there has been significant interest in these key astronomical objects. In this thesis I present three projects which have further revealed properties of low mass stars and …
Density And Magnetic Field Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability, 2024 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Density And Magnetic Field Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability, Xuanye Ma, Peter Delamere, Katariina Nykyri, Antonius Otto, Stefan Eriksson, Lihui Chai, Brandon Burkholder, Andrew Dimmock, Yu-Lun Liou, Shiva Kavosi
Publications
The Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability can transport mass, momentum, magnetic flux, and energy between the magnetosheath and magnetosphere, which plays an important role in the solar‐wind‐ magnetosphere coupling process for different planets. Meanwhile, strong density and magnetic field asymmetry are often present between the magnetosheath (MSH) and magnetosphere (MSP), which could affect the transport processes driven by the KH instability. Our magnetohydrodynamics simulation shows that the KH growth rate is insensitive to the density ratio between the MSP and the MSH in the compressible regime, which is different than the prediction from linear incompressible theory. When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) …
Life Beyond The Horizon: The Universe Was Born In A Black Hole, 2024 University of Missouri, St. Louis
Life Beyond The Horizon: The Universe Was Born In A Black Hole, Zahria Patrick
Undergraduate Research Symposium
It is a widely accepted fact that obtaining information about a black hole is a near-impossible task without being stretched like a spaghetti noodle and trapped in one due to its strong gravitational pull. If the universe exists in a black hole, however, it will mean that it could be possible to survive after crossing its inescapable borders. As surprising as all of this may seem, this theory has existed for quite a while amongst a few different physicists. One person that has shed light on and expanded people’s knowledge of this frightening theory is theoretical physicist, Nikodem Poplawski. The …
Opacities Of S-Type Stars: The Singlet B¹⊓−X¹Σ⁺, B¹⊓−A¹Δ, And C¹Σ⁺−X¹Σ⁺ Band Systems Of Zro, 2024 Old Dominion University
Opacities Of S-Type Stars: The Singlet B¹⊓−X¹Σ⁺, B¹⊓−A¹Δ, And C¹Σ⁺−X¹Σ⁺ Band Systems Of Zro, Peter F. Bernath, Manish Bhusal, Jacques Liévin
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The ZrO B1Π–X1Σ+, B1Π–A1Δ, and C1Σ+–X1Σ+ band systems are important opacity sources in the near-infrared and optical spectra of S-type stars. A total of 21 rovibronic bands with v'' ≤ 7 and v' ⩽ 5 were observed and fit for the B1Π–X1Σ+ transition, five bands for the 90ZrO B1Π–A1Δ transition and one band for the 90ZrO C1Σ+–X1Σ+ transition. All band …
Possible Evidences For Existence Of An Aether Medium (Or Virtual Inertia/Spin Superfluid Medium), 2024 University of New Mexico
Possible Evidences For Existence Of An Aether Medium (Or Virtual Inertia/Spin Superfluid Medium), Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The presentation explores the possibility of an aether medium, also referred to as a virtual inertia/spin superfluid medium, existing to explain certain physical phenomena. While the concept of an aether has been historically rejected by mainstream physics, recent findings and interpretations offer potential justifications for its reconsideration. After discussions with several physicists, notably Robert N. Boyd, PhD and others, we are convinced that aether medium does exist, or may be called virtual inertia/spin superfluid medium.
A Multi-Wavelength Determination Of The Total Luminosity And Star Formation Rate Of The Milky Way, 2024 West Virginia University
A Multi-Wavelength Determination Of The Total Luminosity And Star Formation Rate Of The Milky Way, Joshua L. Mascoop
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
The star formation rate (SFR) of the Milky Way is poorly understood in comparison to the SFR of other galaxies. In order to better find the Galaxy's place in the universe, it is imperative to understand the star formation activity occurring within it. We characterize the Galactic \hii\ region luminosity function (LF) at multiple infrared and radio wavelengths using a sample of 797 first Galactic quadrant \hii regions compiled from the WISE Catalog of Galactic \hii Regions. This sample is statistically complete for all regions powered by single stars of type O9.5V and earlier.
We find that neither a single …
Celestial Bodies, 2023 Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism
Celestial Bodies, Rebecca L. Rand, Mark Popinchalk
Capstones
Most of us will never come close to touching space. But space touches us every day. On Celestial Bodies, journalist Rebecca Rand and astronomer Mark Popinchalk explore the ways outer space interacts with life on earth.
In Episode 1, hosts Rebecca Rand and Mark Popinchalk explore how, for millions of years, trees have been recording celestial events in space. Within the rings of their trunks, trees store radiation from solar flares, supernovae, and changes in the earth’s magnetic field. The hosts talk to Dr. Ben Pope to learn more about what we can discover by looking at radioactive molecules …
Godel, Escherian Staircase And Possibility Of Quantum Wormhole With Liquid Crystalline Phase Of Iced-Water - Part Ii: Experiment Description, 2023 University of New Mexico
Godel, Escherian Staircase And Possibility Of Quantum Wormhole With Liquid Crystalline Phase Of Iced-Water - Part Ii: Experiment Description, Victor Christianto, T. Daniel Chandra, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The present article was partly inspired by G. Pollack’s book, and also Dadoloff, Saxena & Jensen (2010). As a senior physicist colleague and our friend, Robert N. Boyd, wrote in a journal (JCFA, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2022), for example, things and Beings can travel between Universes, intentionally or unintentionally [4]. In this short remark, we revisit and offer short remark to Neil Boyd’s ideas and trying to connect them with geometry of musical chords as presented by D. Tymoczko and others, then to Escherian staircase and then to Jacob’s ladder which seems to pointto possibility to interpret Jacob’s vision …
Godel, Escherian Staircase And Possibility Of Quantum Wormhole With Liquid Crystalline Phase Of Iced-Water - Part I: Theoretical Underpinning, 2023 University of New Mexico
Godel, Escherian Staircase And Possibility Of Quantum Wormhole With Liquid Crystalline Phase Of Iced-Water - Part I: Theoretical Underpinning, Victor Christianto, T. Daniel Chandra, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
As a senior physicist colleague and our friend, Robert N. Boyd, wrote in a journal (JCFA, Vol. 1,. 2, 2022), Our universe is but one page in a large book [4]. For example, things and Beings can travel between Universes, intentionally or unintentionally. In this short remark, we revisit and offer short remark to Neil’s ideas and trying to connect them with geometrization of musical chords as presented by D. Tymoczko and others, then to Escher staircase and then to Jacob’s ladder which seems to point to possibility to interpret Jacob’s vision as described in the ancient book of Genesis …
Improving Inferences About Exoplanet Habitability, 2023 University at Albany, State University of New York
Improving Inferences About Exoplanet Habitability, Risinie D. Perera, Kevin H. Knuth
Physics Faculty Scholarship
Assessing the habitability of exoplanets (planets orbiting other stars) is of great importance in deciding which planets warrant further careful study. Planets in the habitable zones of stars like our Sun are sufficiently far away from the star so that the light rays from the star can be assumed to be parallel, leading to straightforward analytic models for stellar illumination of the planet’s surface. However, for planets in the close-in habitable zones of dim red dwarf stars, such as the potentially habitable planet orbiting our nearest stellar neighbor, Proxima Centauri, the analytic illumination models based on the parallel ray approximation …
Understanding The Nature Of Pulsars And Characterizing Propagation Effects Using Pulsar Timing, 2023 University of New Mexico
Understanding The Nature Of Pulsars And Characterizing Propagation Effects Using Pulsar Timing, Pratik Kumar
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Pulsars are highly magnetized stellar remnants, among the densest known objects, and primarily produce radio emission in the form of lighthouse beams sweeping across the line of sight as a regular train of pulses. Apart from providing tests for matter in high-density regimes, general relativity, and plasma emission; perhaps the most notable characteristic is their applicability as precise astronomical clocks to measure various effects. Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are galactic scale detectors analogous to ground-based detectors of Gravitational Waves (GWs) like LIGO, with the aim of detecting low-frequency nano-Hz GWs from coalescing binary supermassive black holes. PTAs consist of a …
Rotation Period Distributions And Light Curve Morphologies Of Low Mass Stars And Young Associations, 2023 The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Rotation Period Distributions And Light Curve Morphologies Of Low Mass Stars And Young Associations, Mark Popinchalk
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This dissertation is centered around the rotation periods of low-mass stars and association of young stars. Rotation periods are a link to the age of the star, as they lose angular momentum over time. To understand how this angular momentum evolves requires understanding the rotation period distributions of a range of stellar types and ages. Traditionally, M dwarf stars and young stars were challenging to describe due to their intrinsic faintness and dispersed sky positions respectively. I approached this subject from several directions.
Cosmic Diffuse Neutrino And Gamma-Ray Backgrounds In The Mev Regime, 2023 Clemson University
Cosmic Diffuse Neutrino And Gamma-Ray Backgrounds In The Mev Regime, Ilukpitiye Samalka Anandagoda
All Dissertations
Cosmic Multi-Messenger backgrounds include relic diffuse components created in the early Universe and contributions from individual sources. In this dissertation, I present the work done in Anandagoda (2019); Anandagoda et al. (2020, 2023) where type Ia (SNe Ia) and core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) contributions to the diffuse neutrino and gamma-ray backgrounds in the MeV regime are studied. These backgrounds are referred to as DSNB and DSGB respectively. Based on this work, the diffuse SN Ia background is ~106 times lower (for electron antineutrinos) than the CCSN background making it negligible. The predicted DSNB electron antineutrino flux at earth in the …
Delving Deep: A Population Of Extremely Dusty Dwarfs Observed By Jwst, 2023 University of Louisville
Delving Deep: A Population Of Extremely Dusty Dwarfs Observed By Jwst, L. Bisigello, G. Gandolfi, A. Grazian, G. Rodighiero, L. Costantin, A. R. Cooray, A. Feltre, C. Gruppioni, N. P. Hathi, Benne W. Holwerda, A. M. Koekemoer, R. A. Lucas, J. A. Newman, P. G. Pérez-González, L. Y. A. Yung, A. De La Vega, P. Arrabal Haro, M. B. Bagley, M. Dickinson, S. L. Finkelstein, J. S. Kartaltepe, C. Papovich, N. Pirzkal, S. Wilkins
Faculty Scholarship
Aims. We take advantage of the NIRCam photometric observations available as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey (CEERS) to identify and analyse very red sources in an effort to discover very dusty star forming galaxies. Methods. We select red galaxies as objects with a S / N > 3 at 4.4 μm and a S / N < 2 in all JWST and HST filters at λ ≤ 2 μm, which corresponds to [ F 200 W ]−[ F 444 W ]> 1.2 considering CEERS depths. This selection is ideal to identify very dusty ( A V > 1 mag) galaxies with stellar masses between 10 6 and 10 10 M ⊙ at z < 5, more massive dusty galaxies at z = 5 − 18 and galaxies at z > 18 due to the Lyman absorption, independently of their dust …