Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Canine Cricoid Cartilage And Tracheal Dimensions Observed On Computed Tomographic Image, Tanya Kasemsuwan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Inhalation anesthesia is commonly used for general anesthesia due to its effectiveness. During the procedure, an endotracheal tube (ET) is essential for maintaining anesthetic depth, delivering anesthetic agents, and providing sufficient oxygen to reduce the risks of morbidity and mortality. Mispositioning and inappropriate ET size can lead to complications like hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and airway trauma. Commercially available ET tubes are designed for general use and are not specifically optimized for different cephalic types, leading to the objective of this study, which was to investigate the differences in anatomical dimensions of the cricoid cartilage and trachea and ET location among brachycephalic, …

Determination Of Nutrients Digestibility In Commercial Dry Dog Food Containing Various Protein Sources, Phuong Anh Ta

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy and digestibility of commercial dry dog foods formulated with different protein sources (animal versus plant) and market tiers (premium versus economy). Eight commercial dog foods were analyzed for nutrient composition and amino acid profiles using proximate analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Of these, four representative products were selected to assess digestibility through in vivo total fecal collection in Beagle dogs and in vitro digestion assays. All products exceeded 18% crude protein (the minimum crude protein requirement by AAFCO). However, deficiencies were examined in essential amino acids, particularly leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, tryptophan, valine …

The Comprehensive Study Of The Reproductive Cycle With A Special Focus On The Vestibular Microbiome In Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus), Yuqing Yang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This dissertation aimed to advance the understanding of reproductive physiology and health in Asian elephants, providing critical insights and innovative methodologies for reproductive management. Chapter II established a foundational framework for normal reproductive cycling, detailing the luteal and follicular phases, and introduced a simplified, practical body condition score (BCS) method as a diagnostic tool for assessing general health and welfare. It highlighted unresolved reproductive issues, such as abnormal cycling, and revealed that progesterone peaks, with the majority (53.57%), and the onset of the follicular phase predominantly occurred during the rainy season. Monitoring ovulation and maintaining a standard BCS during the …

Molecular Investigation And Genetic Characterization Of Hemotropic Mycoplasma Spp. And Potential Role Of Flea Vectors In Goats In Thailand, Muhammad Shair Zaman Ghauri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to investigate the identification of flea species infesting goats and to study the molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas in goats and fleas. A total of 500 blood and 79 flea samples were collected from goat farms across seven provinces in Thailand between January 2017 and October 2023. Among the 500 goats examined, 6.6% were infested with fleas, which were morphologically identified and molecularly characterized using mitochondrial (cox-I, cox-II) and nuclear (ITS1, EF-1α) markers as Ctenocephalides orientis. Additionally, 14,315 bp fragment of the C. orientis mitochondrial genome was analyzed, revealing a close evolutionary relationship with …

Detection Of Brafv595e Gene Of Canine Urothelial Carcinoma Using Real-Time Pcr, Monticha Kitnitchee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Canine urothelial carcinoma (CaUC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary bladder in dogs. This cancer has aggressive behavior and it is challenge for diagnosis. Most CaUC cases are diagnosed from the obvious clinical signs as the late to advance stage. In addition, therapeutic strategies for this stage are almost non-responsive for the eradication and prevention of recurrent disease. Therefore, non-invasive early diagnosis is required for urothelial carcinomas in both human and animals including dogs, which have similar cancer biology to human. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy by BRAFV595E detection using real-time PCR (qPCR) from various …

Alternative Approaches To Replace Antibiotics Use In Boar Semen Extenders And Their Effects On Reproductive Performance, Congbang Ngo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Artificial insemination (AI) with antibiotic-free alternatives in boar semen extenders is becoming essential for promoting environmentally sustainable practices in the global swine industry. Comprising 4 parts, this thesis aimed to investigate the boar fecal and seminal microbiomes in relation to semen quality and probiotic supplementation in an antibiotic-free feeding program. In addition, the characteristics of semen doses treated with alternative methods and their effects on the reproductive performance of sows inseminated with these semen doses are examined. (i) To investigate the fecal and seminal microbiomes of boars in relation to semen quality and the effects of transitioning from antibiotics to …

Validation Of A Pseudotype-Based Serum Neutralization Test Forpeste Des Petits Ruminants Virus (Pprv) Specific Antibody In Goat Sera, Suphatcha Mahawattana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a transboundary viral disease in small ruminants, caused by a morbillivirus called peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Recently, FAO and WOAH have set the goal to eradicate the disease in 2030. To maintain disease vigilance, the Department of Livestock Development conducts regular screenings for anti-PPRV antibodies using a commercially available competitive ELISA (cELISA). However, limitation from its window of uncertainty could lead to inconclusive result. In this study, a recently developed pseudotype-based neutralization test was validated against a large number of known positive and negative samples. In comparison with the cELISA, from 416 …

Effect Of Four Non-Slipping Floor Mat Types On The Stifle Joint Range Of Motion During Walking And Trotting In Small Breed Dogs With Medial Patellar Luxation Grade 2 And Normal Stifle Dogs, Panisara Wongsirichatchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The two dimension kinematic motion analysis was an accessible tool for clinical approach for assist gait analysis and joint mobility in veterinary clinical field. Thermographic imaging also considered as an adjunctive non-invasive technique to detects changed superficial temperature from the physiological associated with inflammation or musculoskeletal conditions especially in joints, tendon, or muscle. A comparing controlled experiment investigated the effects of various ceramic flooring surfaces on gait, stifle joint mobility, and post-activity inflammatory response following activity in small breed dogs with and without grade 2 medial patellar luxation (MPL).Sixteen small breed dogs were enrolled, including normal stifle dogs (n=7) and …

Proteomic Analysis Of Canine Reproductive Protein Profiles In Relation To Stage Of Oocyte Development, Larindhorn Udomthanaisit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The domestic dog has a unique reproductive physiology in which oocytes are ovulated at an immature stage and complete nuclear maturation within the oviduct approximately 48–72 hours after ovulation. This thesis aimed to investigate proteomic changes in both serum and oviductal secretions associated with oocyte development, using a combination of natural and hormonally induced ovulation models. To evaluate dynamic changes in serum proteins across the estrous cycle, samples from healthy bitches in four stages—anestrus, proestrus, estrus, and diestrus—were analyzed, revealing 38 significantly altered proteins. Among these, eight exhibited stage-specific expression patterns, including HES2, ADGRA3, and SWI5 in anestrus; polycystin receptors …

Selection Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotics From Thai-Chick And Their Efficacy In Restoring Gut Microbiome And Salmonella Reduction In Broiler Challenged With Salmonella Typhimurium, Benjamas Khurajog

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, and sustainable poultry farming are critical global concerns driving the exploration of probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics. This study focused on the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains and the performance of two probiotics—ProCU (a blend of locally isolated LAB strains) and TOP GUT (a commercial Clostridium butyricum product)—in mitigating Salmonella infection, improving growth performance, and modulating the gut microbiota and resistome in broiler chickens. From 91 LAB isolates identified in chicken feces across Thailand, five strains (Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF12 and Pediococcus acidilactici BF9, BF14, BYF20, and BYF26) exhibited strong tolerance …

Monitoring And Characterization Of Colistin-Resistant And Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Spp. In The Standard Slaughtering Processes., Imporn Saenkankam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in the pig production chain poses significant threats to public health and food safety, particularly involving Salmonella and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-Ec), colistin-resistant ESBL-Ec. The slaughterhouse serves as a critical point for monitoring and preventing bacterial dissemination to humans. This study comprehensively examined the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, and genomic characteristics of these pathogens across two pig slaughterhouses in Thailand—one operating under Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) standards and the other certified only under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). A total of 570 samples from feces, carcasses, and environmental sources were analyzed. Salmonella prevalence …

Invasive Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Diets On Barrier Islands In The Southeastern United States, Vienna R. Canright, Antoinette J. Piaggio, James C. Beasley

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background

Biological invasions are a leading cause of reductions in global biodiversity. Islands are particularly sensitive to invasions, which often result in cascading impacts throughout island communities. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are globally invasive and pose threats to numerous taxa and ecosystems, particularly for islands where they have contributed to declines of many endemic species. However, the impacts of wild pig diet on the flora and fauna remain understudied in many island systems.

Results

We used DNA metabarcoding of wild pig fecal samples to quantify the seasonal diet composition of wild pigs on three barrier islands in the …

Characterizing Feral Swine Movement Across The Contiguous United States Using Neural Networks And Genetic Data, Rachael M. Giglio, Courtney F. Bowden, Ryan K. Brook, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Timothy J. Smyser

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Globalization has led to the frequent movement of species out of their native habitat. Some of these species become highly invasive and capable of profoundly altering invaded ecosystems. Feral swine (Sus scrofa × domesticus) are recognized as being among the most destructive invasive species, with populations established on all continents except Antarctica. Within the United States (US), feral swine are responsible for extensive crop damage, the destruction of native ecosystems, and the spread of disease. Purposeful human-mediated movement of feral swine has contributed to their rapid range expansion over the past 30 years. Patterns of deliberate introduction of …

Discovery Of A Novel Invasive Rodent Species On Wake Atoll With A Desert Southwest Usa Origin, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Eric Lanners, Daniel R. Taylor, Aaron B. Shiels, Marjorie Matocq, John Eisemann

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Invasive species, particularly omnivorous rodents, have damaged island ecosystems around the world. The unique flora and fauna of island systems have typically not evolved with omnivorous rodents and are heavily impacted by their introduction. Wake Atoll of the southern Pacific Ocean is a 707-hectare coral island complex of three islands managed by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). DoD restricts civilian access to the atoll but aircraft and seacraft regularly visit the island to transport military equipment and to sustain the year-round military and contractor personnel stationed on the atoll. Wake Atoll had been invaded by Rattus rattus complex …

Investigation Of The Causative Agent Of Canine Leproid Granuloma Infection Cases In The Northeastern United States, Nicole J. Marcotte

Honors Theses and Capstones

Canine leproid granuloma syndrome (CLGS) is a form of disease in dogs of many breeds that is characterized by a skin infection in the subcutis and/or dermis. The granulomas that form as a result of infection are typically non pruritic, alopecic, raised, and firm. These mass-like granulomas can ulcerate, causing further infection beneath the skin surface, and are present in areas of the body such as the ears, head, neck, and extremities. CLGS has been known to infect dogs of different breeds and ages, but has most commonly been reported to infect shorthaired, large sized breeds. This disease is suspected …

Candidate Circulating Microrna Biomarkers In Dogs With Chronic Pancreatitis, Susan K Armstrong, Robert W Hunter, Wilna Oosthyuzen, Maciej Parys, Adam G Gow, Silke Salavati Schmitz, James W Dear, Richard J Mellanby

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Pancreatitis is an important cause of disease and death in dogs. Available circulating biomarkers are not sufficiently sensitive and specific for a definitive diagnosis.

HYPOTHESIS: Circulating microRNAs would be differentially expressed in dogs with chronic pancreatitis and could have potential as diagnostic biomarkers.

ANIMALS: Healthy controls (n = 19) and dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis (n = 17).

METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. Dogs with pancreatitis were included if they satisfied diagnostic criteria for pancreatitis as adjudicated by 3 experts. MicroRNA was extracted from stored serum samples and sequenced. Reads were mapped to mature microRNA sequences in the canine, …

Determining The Quality Of Sugar Beet Pulp, Lenox, And Ryegrass Silages Used In Feeding Dairy Cattle, In Comparison To Corn Silage, Fatma Özkan, Suphi̇ Deni̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the quality of sugar beet pulp (Beta vulgaris L.), lenox (Brassica rapa L.), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium cv. caramba) silages used in feeding dairy cattle, in comparison to corn silage. Whole corn was harvested at the dough stage, lenox was harvested at the end of flowering, and ryegrass was harvested at the beginning of spike. No additives were added to the corn silage, but 5% molasses was added to the sugar beet pulp, ryegrass, and lenox silages that have low levels of easily degradable sugar. Additionally, 5% sainfoin was added to the sugar …

Effect Of Thermo-Insulated Kid Hutch On Location Preference, Growth Performance, And Blood Haemato-Biochemical Indices Of Winter-Born Goat Kids (Capra Hircus), Ajoy Das, Dilip Kumar Mandal, Asish Debbarma, Muthupalani Karunakaran, Anupam Chatterjee, Debajyoti Sarkar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study assessed the effect of thermo-insulated kid hutch (TIKH) on location preference, body surface temperature, growth performance, and blood haemato-biochemical indices of winter-born Black Bengal goat kids. Does were maintained in the same shed, born kids (n = 12) were divided into two groups along with mothers to begin experiments from day 1 of birth. The treatment group (TIKH) of kids was given a TIKH to which kids had free access, but not the adults. However, in the control group (CONT) kids were reared without TIKH. The floor surface temperature of TIKH was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at night as compared to goat shed in December (4.28%), January (3.98%), and February (7.72%). The interior roof surface of TIKH had 25.12%, 33.55%, 31.85%, 10.99%, and 4.37% higher (p < 0.01) temperatures at night compared to the roof surface temperature of the goat shed in December, January, February, March, and April, respectively. The presence of kids inside the TIKH at the age of 1–15 days was the greatest in morning (80.5%) and evening (72.2%). Between the ages of 16–-60 days, the preference of kids for the TIKH varied from 69.2% to 54.2% in the morning and from 70.0% to 66.7% in the evening. However, at the age of 61–75 days, kids’ preference for TIKH gradually declined in the morning (11.6%) and evening (19.9%) due to the increased inside temperature. Kids weaning weight was 23.25% higher (p < 0.05) in the TIKH group as compared to that of CONT. The average daily gain (0–30 days) was higher (41.34%; p < 0.05) in kids in the TIKH compared to the CONT shed. The haemato-biochemical profiles of kids were similar in both groups except for blood serum glucose, which was greater (p < 0.05) in kids of the TIKH than that of CONT shed. In conclusion, the provision of TIKH improved the growth and overall performance of winter-born Black Bengal goat kids during pre and postweaning periods.

Investigation Of Three Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (1252 G>A, 2534 G>A, And 2569 T>C) Of The Mbl1 Gene In Anatolian Buffaloes, Esma Gamze Aksel, Bi̇lal Akyüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It has been reported that since the MBL gene is involved in the first step of infection and inflammation processes, it may be associated with susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseases in living organisms. In this study, it was aimed to determine the genotypic variation of Anatolian buffaloes in terms of three (1252G>A, 2534 G>A, and 2569 T>C) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MBL-1 gene. For this purpose, 103 Anatolian buffaloes were genotyped for relevant SNPs by PCR-RFLP process. The allele and genotype frequencies of the examined samples were determined, and the population was examined for …

Water Buffalo Social Networks During Their Activities On Pasture Under The Rain, Eleni Tsiobani, Maria Yiakoulaki, Nikolaos Hasanagas, Ioannis Antoniou

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Water buffaloes exhibit various social structures during their activities on pasture, but the impact of abiotic factors (i.e. rainfall) on these structures remains unknown. While existing research has provided evidence concerning the effect of weather conditions on grazing animals’ behavior, they have not examined how animals differentiate their social organization within the herd during their activities on pasture under the rainfall. This study utilized social network analysis to construct, depict, and analyze the proximity networks among buffaloes in each activity they perform on pasture before, during, and after the rainfall. By applying various network indices, we have shown that water …