Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Effect Of A Mixture Of Essential Oils And A Plant-Based Extract For The Management Of Localized Superficial Pyoderma In Dogs: An Open-Label Clinical Trial, Lerpen Duangkaew, Lawan Larsuprom, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk, Charles Chen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A mixture of essential oils and a plant-based extract in the form of shampoo and spot-on were shown to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The purpose of this open-label clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of these two products for the management of canine localized superficial pyoderma. Twenty dogs diagnosed with 3-4 localized pyoderma lesions were enrolled. The dogs were bathed weekly for 8 weeks with shampoo and 48 hours later, spot-on was applied near the lesions. Clinical lesions and pruritus scores were subjectively assessed using a clinical improvement score system (1-5) and a pruritic visual …

Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On Heart Beat And The Embryonic Development Of Zebrafish, Naowarat Suthamnatpong, Aranya Ponpornpisit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryo was investigated at different concentrations of ten-fold dilution of ten times lesser than the median lethal concentration (LC50). Zebrafish embryos in the MSG treated groups (40,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm) reached highest mortality rate at 100 % within 48 hpf and 96 hpf which is significantly different (p<0.05) from negative control group. According to the Probit analysis, the LC50 of MSG on zebrafish embryo at 48 hpf and 96 hpf were 15,200 ppm and 10,300 ppm, respectively. Under the observation, effects based on the toxicity endpoint composed of lethal, sublethal and malformation effects appeared within 144 hpf. Exposure to MSG at 1,500 ppm and 150 ppm significantly produced sublethal effects and malformation development to zebrafish embryo. MSG induced cardiotoxic effects in zebrafish embryo was observed at 15, 150 and 1,500 ppm. Our results demonstrate that zebra fish embryo is a good model for the detection of toxic potential of chemical substances. Also, our data suggest the need to reconsider the safety of MSG and elucidate its mechanism of adverse reaction in further studies.

Treatment Of Cloacal Papilloma With 50% Silver Nitrate Solution In Chestnut-Fronted Macaws (Ara Severus), Thawat Lekdumrongsak, Wijit Banlunara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cloacal papilloma is commonly found in Amazon parrots and macaws. There are many treatment options for cloacal papilloma. Chemical cautery is one of the recommended methods. In this study, 6 mature chestnut-fronted macaws (Ara severus) with cloacal papilloma were treated weekly with 50% silver nitrate solution. All tumors completely regressed after 2 to 5 weeks of treatment. One bird died after the second treatment from another cause. Three months after the last treatment, one bird died from internal papilloma in the esophagus and the crop. Recurrence was found in one bird at 6 months after the last treatment. The result …

Ostrich As A Possible Source Of Pathogenic Strains Of Clostridium Difficile, Seyed Mohsen Jafari, Gholamali Kalidari, Seyed Mostafa Peighambari, Jamshid Razmyar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is known as the most important causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in human. According to recent studies, food animals, especially poultry, are known as carriers for toxin harboring C. difficile. Since ostrich farming is a growing industry in Iran, the characterization and genotyping of C. difficile isolates in ostriches are very important for public health. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from 10 ostrich farms located in the north-east of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The samples were cultured anaerobically. Multiplex PCR was applied in order to detect tcdB, tcdA, cdtA and cdtB genes …

Effects Of Centrifugation And Removal Of Seminal Plasma On Motility Of Fresh Boar Sperm, Olivia Bury, Victoria Mcrae, Jose Len, Kate Plush, Roy N. Kirkwood

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Extended semen from 6 boars was centrifuged and then gently resuspended (CR), had the supernatant decanted to remove residual seminal plasma and resuspended in new extender (CD), or served as non-treated controls. Measures of sperm motility were assessed immediately after centrifugation and then every 24 h until 96 h using a computer-assisted sperm analyser. Total and progressive sperm motilities were reduced (P<0.05) by 48 h in CD. Total motility was not affected in CR sperm but progressive motility was reduced (P<0.05) at 72 h. Changes with time were very similar for VSL, VAP, VCL and BCF. Control values remained relatively stable but VCL, VSL, VAP and ALH were lower within minutes of centrifugation and decanting of CD sperm. Both CR and CD treatment values for all variables were lower (P<0.05) from 3 d. These data indicate that centrifugation can negatively affect boar sperm motility and that even the small amount of residual seminal plasma in fresh-extended boar semen has a protective role. Sperm age-associated reduced motility can be countered with caffeine.

Identification Of Mycobacteria From Unhealthy And Apparently Healthy Aquarium Fish Using Both Conventional And Pcr Analyses Of Hsp65 Gene, Mahdi Seyfahmadi, Seyyed Reza Moaddab, Azar Sabokbar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Seventy-eight unhealthy and forty-two apparently healthy looking freshwater aquarium fish belonging to twenty-six different species were collected from local aquarium stores in different cities and were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria in north-western Iran by culture and molecular methods. Using the culture method, Mycobacterium sp. was isolated from 31.6% of the fish (38 cases), while it was obtained in 30.8% (37 cases) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for a 439 bp fragment of the heat shock protein 65kD gene (hsp65). Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were seen on the smears of 27 samples (22.5%) by direct microscopic examination method of …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram, Chutamas Benjanirut

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 14-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog weighing 12 kg was admitted at the in-patient unit of The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Chulalongkorn University in October 2017 with clinical signs of depressed, anorexia, weakness and continuous vomiting. However, no sign of abdominal pain was found. History taking showed that the dog had gait disorientation due to central nervous system disorder. The dog also had murmur heart sound graded IV/VI without sign of cardiac disease since June 2017. The echocardiogram was performed which the results showed that the dog had moderate degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with mild tricuspid regurgitation. The …

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A eighteen kilogram, 7 year-old, castrated male, Bangkeaw dog.

Genetic Signatures For Helicobacter Pylori Strains Of West African Origin, Kennady K. Bullock, Carrie L. Shaffer, Andrew W. Brooks, Ousman Secka, Mark H. Forsyth, Mark S. Mcclain, Timothy L. Cover

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Helicobacter pylori is a genetically diverse bacterial species that colonizes the stomach in about half of the human population. Most persons colonized by H. pylori remain asymptomatic, but the presence of this organism is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Multiple populations and subpopulations of H. pylori with distinct geographic distributions are recognized. Genetic differences among these populations might be a factor underlying geographic variation in gastric cancer incidence. Relatively little is known about the genomic features of African H. pylori strains compared to other populations of strains. In this study, we first analyzed the genomes of …

Grace Peterson Research Colloquium, Emma Pfeiffer

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Mental illness is commonly under-diagnosed, misdiagnosed, or untreated, particularly in the elderly population. An expected population increase for those 65 years and older, increased in health care expenses coupled with the moral and ethical obligation of health care providers to promote quality of life at all ages makes investigation to alternative treatments in this population is worth investigating. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesize existing studies to clarify the following questions: What are the effects of pet therapy on those experiencing signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety? Why is pet therapy still lagging in validated studies, …

Effectiveness Of Composting As A Biosecure Disposal Method For Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv)-Infected Pig Carcasses, Sarah Vitosh-Sillman, John Dustin Loy, Bruce Brodersen, Clayton Kelling, Kent M. Eskridge, Amy Millmier Schmidt

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric disease of swine that has emerged as a worldwide threat to swine herd health and production. Substantial research has been conducted to assess viability of the virus on surfaces of vehicles and equipment, in feed and water, and on production building surfaces, but little is known about the persistence in PEDV-infected carcasses and effective disposal methods thereof. This study was conducted to quantify the persistence of PEDV RNA via quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at various time-temperature combinations and in infected piglet carcasses subjected to composting. Although this method …

Differential Roles For Inner Membrane Complex Proteins Across Toxoplasma Gondii And Sarcocystis Neurona Development, Rashmi Dubey, Brooke Harrison, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Giulia Bandini, Katherine Cheng, Aziz Kosber, Carolina Agop-Nersesian, Daniel K. Howe, John Samuelson, David J. P. Ferguson, Marc-Jan Gubbels

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

The inner membrane complex (IMC) of apicomplexan parasites contains a network of intermediate filament-like proteins. The 14 alveolin domain-containing IMC proteins in Toxoplasma gondii fall into different groups defined by their distinct spatiotemporal dynamics during the internal budding process of tachyzoites. Here, we analyzed representatives of different IMC protein groups across all stages of the Toxoplasma life cycle and during Sarcocystis neurona asexual development. We found that across asexually dividing Toxoplasma stages, IMC7 is present exclusively in the mother’s cytoskeleton, whereas IMC1 and IMC3 are both present in mother and daughter cytoskeletons (IMC3 is strongly enriched in daughter buds). In …

Symptoms And Causes Of Foamy Bloat In Cattle, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The bovine stomach normally produces gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide and methane. However when these gases become trapped in the bovine stomach because of a thick, frothy or foamy liquid it is called bloat. Cattle bloat is a very old condition and goes by many names but is primarily trapped gas within the bovine stomach. Readily digested feedstuff such as highly processed grain diets or an overabundance of fresh immature alfalfa often leads to a vast amount of small particles and carbohydrates in the rumen; this is the major cause of foamy bloat. Severe bloat causes death by suffocation …

Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits A Mucosal Antibody Response In The Reproductive Tract Of Persistently Infected Stallions, Mariano Carossino, Bettina Wagner, Alan T. Loynachan, R. Frank Cook, Igor F. Canisso, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Casey L. Edwards, Bora Nam, John F. Timoney, Peter J. Timoney, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the ability to establish persistent infection in the reproductive tract of the stallion (carrier) and is continuously shed in its semen. We have recently demonstrated that EAV persists within stromal cells and a subset of lymphocytes in the stallion accessory sex glands in the presence of a significant local inflammatory response. In the present study, we demonstrated that EAV elicits a mucosal antibody response in the reproductive tract during persistent infection with homing of plasma cells into accessory sex glands. The EAV-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in seminal plasma included IgA, IgG1, IgG3/5, and IgG4/7. Interestingly, seminal …

Medication Migration: The Charles Town Naproxen Experience And Why It Matters To All Racing Jurisdictions, Clara Fenger, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rehabilitation Of An Injured Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos): A Case Study, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz

Journal of Bioresource Management

Habitat destruction and anthropogenic activities cause wild birds to migrate towards urban areas in search of food and sometimes nesting in high-roof buildings, where they are caught by local people using different techniques and are further used for hunting or recreational purposes. An injured Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) was found entangled in bushes near the vicinity of Balkasar Research Complex, Chakwal, Pakistan. After complete physical examination, a wound on the right wing and closed leg fracture was diagnosed. The successful treatment was done by anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial drugs with careful monitoring. Splint was adjusted after aligning the fractured …

Cross-Reactive Immunity To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus And Its Contribution To Protection, Ignacio Correas

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Due to the vast geographical distribution and significant economic losses generated, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be considered the most important swine pathogen of contemporary times. Current control and eradication strategies against PRRSV have difficulty succeeding because of their complex nature and the absence of an effective vaccine. A major obstacle for PRRSV vaccine development is the broad heterogeneity of the virus, both at the genetic and antigenic level, its rapid evolution, and an incomplete knowledge of the immune responses responsible for clearing the virus from the host. Specifically, how known correlates of protection against PRRSV—neutralizing antibodies …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Serum Antibody Abundance Against Bovine Coronavirus On Bovine Coronavirus Shedding And Risk Of Respiratory Tract Disease In Beef Calves From Birth Through The First Five Weeks In A Feedlot, Aspen M. Workman, Larry A. Kuehn, Tara G. Mcdaneld, Michael L. Clawson, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, John Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the effect of serum antibody abundance against bovine coronavirus (BCV) on BCV shedding and risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef calves from birth through the first 5 weeks in a feedlot.

Animals: 890 natural-service crossbred beef calves from 4 research herds.

Procedures: Serial blood samples for measurement of serum anti-BCV antibody abundance by an ELISA and nasal swab specimens for detection of BCV and other viral and bacterial BRD pathogens by real-time PCR methods were collected from all calves or subsets of calves at predetermined times from birth through the first 5 weeks after feedlot …

Clinical Evaluation Of Xylazine, Lidocaine And Ketamine Intravenous Infusion To Reduce Isoflurane Requirement In Thai Native Cross-Bred Ponies, Juthamas Leklub, Aree Laikul, Kanittha Phetudomsinsuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Balanced anesthesia in equine could reduce anesthetic-related fatalities. Sedative, anesthetic and analgesic agents currently available in Thailand such as xylazine, ketamine, isoflurane and lidocaine are extensively used in equine practice, but their combination has not been reported. The present study aimed to determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and clinical parameters in Thai native cross-bred ponies under general anesthesia. Six Thai native cross-bred ponies were examined by a random crossover method. They were categorized into 4 groups according to the maintenance of anesthesia which were isoflurane group (I), isoflurane and lidocaine group (IL), isoflurane, xylazine and ketamine group …

Subcutaneous Implantation Of The Light-Activated Pit And Fissure Resin-Based Sealant Prototypes Las-Clear And Las-Opaque Resulted In A Mild Transient Tissue Reaction, Pasutha Thunyakitpisal, Nonglax Thunyakitpisal, Dyna Jeanne D. Godoy, Onusa Saravari, Dujreutai Pongkao Kashima, Benchaphorn Limcharoen, Wijit Banlunara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the light-activated pit and fissure resin-based dental sealant prototypes, LAS-clear and LAS-opaque, after subcutaneous implantation in rats for 7, 30, and 60 days. The commercial light-activated resin-based sealants, Delton-clear (DC), Helioseal clear (HC), Helioseal opaque (HO), and Clinpro Sealant (CL) served as control. Twenty-four 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Two rows of three 5 mm subcutaneous incisions were created on the back of each rat parallel to the midline. The materials were randomly implanted and the incisions were closed using sutures. The implants were left …