Large or Food Animal and Equine Medicine Commons^™

Clinical Consideration In Total Intravenous Anesthesia Using Xylazine And Propofol In Calves, Keita Tokimitsu, Momoko Yachida, Wataru Miki, Tadashi Kuramoto, Nanako Mochizuki, Sakura Yoshida, Tadahiro Goto, Yasuhiro Morita

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Surgery must often be performed in fields where only simple equipment and facilities are available for cattle practice, and anesthesia with minimal procedures should be improved for sufficient surgery in the field and on farms. The study aimed to investigate total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using xylazine and propofol to improve the anesthesia protocol for field surgeries in calves on farms. Fourteen calves undergoing laparotomy (every seven cases of herniorrhaphy for umbilical hernia repair and cryptorchidectomy) were assigned to this experiment and randomly divided into two groups using TIVA: continuous intravenous infusion with only xylazine (XY, 0.24-0.26 mg/kg/h), and xylazine and …

The Effects Of Dietary Level Of Mulberry Leaf Powder On Growth Performance, Carcass Yields, And Some Serum Lipid Levels In Pradu-Hang-Dam Chickens During Cool And Rainy Seasons, Sarawanee Khunmanee, Thuwanon Boonkerd, Thananon Junsuri, Winai Kaewlamun, Pachara Pearodwong, Kajohn Nitiwararak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) supplementation and to evaluate the impact of different seasons on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood lipid levels of Pradu-Hang-Dam chickens. One-week-old chickens were assigned to three groups: a control group (without MLP) and two groups receiving diets supplemented with 0.5% and 1.5% MLP, respectively, over a 10-week period. The results indicated that during the cool season, the control group exhibited the highest feed intake, average daily gain, and superior carcass characteristics (P < 0.05). In the rainy season, chickens supplemented with 1.5% MLP achieved the highest feed intake, while those supplemented with 0.5% MLP showed the highest average daily gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 1.5% MLP group demonstrated superior carcass characteristics compared to the control group during the rainy season (P < 0.05). Analysis of blood lipid metabolism revealed that the group supplemented with 0.5% MLP during the cool season had the lowest levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein. In conclusion, the cool season is the most favorable for raising Pradu-Hang-Dam chickens in Thailand. Additionally, supplementing diets with at least 0.5% MLP during the rainy season can improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters.

Gastrointestinal Ischemia In The Horse: Preoperative Detection And Surgical Intervention, Michael P. St. Blanc

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of calprotectin, a protein released by activated leukocytes during inflammation, in the detection of gastrointestinal ischemia in horses with signs of abdominal pain (colic). Additionally, one-layer end-to-end anastomoses of the descending colon were critically evaluated in comparison to two-layer closures. For the calprotectin portion of the study, samples were obtained from ten control horses and nineteen clinical cases assigned to three treatment groups (non-strangulating, strangulating small intestinal, or strangulating large intestinal lesions). Objective data was collected from each patient, and calprotectin concentration in serum and peritoneal fluid was determined using …

Evaluating Viability, Developmental Competence, And Chromatin Configurations Of Cryopreserved Equine Oocytes, Tricia Adams

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Assisted reproduction technology and the use of specialized laboratories have increased in the horse breeding industry over the last decade. This expansion has highlighted the inability to routinely cryopreserve oocytes and preserve female genetics. Oocyte vitrification, a cryopreservation process, continues to be characterized as an experimental procedure in horses. The goal of this dissertation was to evaluate the viability, developmental competence, and nuclear structures of cryopreserved equine oocytes to illuminate potential areas of improvement in the vitrification process. Oocytes were collected from abattoir derived ovaries and exposed to either varying lengths of in vitro maturation (IVM) or pretreated with a …

Molecular Detection And Characterization Of Histomonas Meleagridis In Fighting Cocks Thailand, Piyanan Taweethavonsawat, Mangsatabam Norjit Singh, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Wanarit Jitsamai, Chongtham Sonia, Cherdpong Phupolpan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Histomoniasis caused by the protozoa Histomonas meleagridis is a disease of gallinaceous birds which is of special importance to the poultry industry. The turkey is highly susceptible and results in high mortality. However, the disease is less severe in chickens but sometimes leads to mortality especially in those reared in the free-range system. During the present study, four dead fighting cocks were presented to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Livestock Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University for post-mortem examination. Based on history and pathological changes, it was preliminarily diagnosed as histomoniasis. The affected livers and caeca samples were collected …

A Systematic Literature Review Of Granulocytes-Colony Stimulating Factor Treatment In Animals, Syahirah Ahmad Affandi, Nurul Hayah Khairuddin, Mohammed Sadiq Babatunde, Azalea Hani Othman, Collin Looi Seng Kim, Siti Sarah Othman, Sharifah Roohi Syed Waseem Ahmad

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the efficacy of granulocytes-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a treatment component in relation to clinicopathological parameters and overall outcomes. Using the PICO approach, a research question development tool, the SLR was designed to identify the animals in which G-CSF had been used, the types of G-CSF utilized and their effectiveness as a therapeutic agent in stimulating haematological parameters, as well as their potential adverse effects. Three primary keywords associated with the review topic were selected and incorporated into the search query to retrieve pertinent literature from three databases: Scopus, Science Direct, …

An Accidental Discovery Of Ductal Adenocarcinoma Of The Pancreas In An Adult Horse With Severe Abdominal Pain, Thita Wonghanchao, Kanokpan Sanigavatee, Chanoknun Poochipakorn, Onjira Huangsaksri, Phudit Maneesaay, Rungrueang Yodsheewan, Metha Chanda

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A native pony, eight years old and male, was tentatively diagnosed with abdominal pain and treated immediately. Sequential hematological profiles revealed increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatinine, as well as reduced albumin. After the pony's death, which occurred eight days after treatment began, a necropsy was performed. The liver's external surface showed small foci, but no gross lesion was observed in the pancreas, which was enlarged. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the liver showed multifocal inflammation in the hepatic parenchyma, coinciding with bile duct hyperplasia. The pancreas H&E staining showed well-differentiated tubular glands with …

First Serological Evidence Of Coxiella Burnetii And Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (Map) Among Deer In An Institutional Farm In Malaysia, Bura Thlama Paul, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Shivnraj Sundar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Nur Hanis Nadhirah Yosryhan, Yonis Ahmed Ahmed Jimale Dr, Eric Lim Teik Chung Dr, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila Prof

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, which is associated with reproductive disorders such as abortion and reproductive problems in ruminants, while paratuberculosis is an underdiagnosed disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which causes chronic wasting, low fertility, and mortality in ruminants. Although both C. burnetii and MAP infections have been reported in domestic ruminants worldwide, there is no data on their seroprevalence status among deer in Selangor, Malaysia. This study investigated the seroprevalence status of C. burnetii and MAP among deer in Malaysia. Ninety-two blood sera collected from an institutional deer farm were screened …

A Preliminary Study Of Lasia Spinosa Thw. Feed Supplementation Improving Semen Quality Of Subfertile Purebred Boars, Supitcha Kaewma, Junpen Suwimonteerabutr, Nutthee Am-In, Saritvich Panyaboriban, Mongkol Techakumphu, Theerawat Swangchan-Uthai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Poor semen quality is a significant issue among imported purebred boars in Thailand, affecting both semen quality itself and reducing productivity at AI stations. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lasia spinosa Thw. (LST) on improving boar semen quality. A group of boars experiencing poor semen quality were monitored, and three were selected due to their persistent low semen profiles for the supplementation experiment. Dried LST powder was prepared in small bags at a dosage of 4 g per 100 kg body weight and added to the regular feed for daily oral administration over an 8-week …

Preventing And Managing Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, Kylie Bell, Karl Hoopes

All Current Publications

Current industry trends regarding equine management practices largely contribute to the development of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Research on effective medical management exists; however, we lack studies on the efficacy of equine-welfare-minded solutions. This fact sheet reviews current literature, including diagnosing, treating, and preventing EGUS. It also provides a general overview of the natural equine, promoting a greater understanding of the connection between strategies to prevent and manage EGUS.

The Benefits Of Dexmedetomidine For Pain Mitigation After Cautery Disbudding In Calves, Tsung-Ching Liu, Chen-Fei Chiang, Thomas Chia-Tang Ho, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) alone on pain mitigation following cautery disbudding in calves. A total of 21 calves were randomly divided into three groups: sham-disbudded control with placebo (S, n = 8); hot-iron disbudded after placebo (D, n = 6); hot-iron disbudded after 0.01 mg/kg of DEX (DeD, n = 7). The pain-related responses measured included serum cortisol levels, struggling scores, pain-related behaviors and other physiological values. The results indicated that the struggling scores, the cortisol concentrations from +10 to +60 min after disbudding and the area under curve of cortisol …

Interlocking Nail Stabilization Technique For Long Bone Fractures In Calves, Mustafa Arican, Semih Altan, Kurtuluş Parlak, Fahrettin Alkan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcome from using an interlocking nail (ILN) technique for the stabilization of long bone fractures in 15 calves. Forty-eight calves with fractures were presented to the large animal hospital. Fifteen calves of different breeds, age, sex and weight with front or hind limb fractures were considered suitable for ILN application. These included proximal or distal diaphyseal transverse and oblique fractures of the humerus, radius, femur and tibia. The third generation of six, eight, nine and 10mm diameter interlocking nails were used in this study. Interlocking pins were used …

Antibiotic Resistance In Livestock: A Literature Review Of Its Consequences And International Effort On Human Antimicrobial Agents Resistant Crisis, Ha Nguyen

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Despite their benefits, the overuse of antibiotics in livestock has resulted in negative consequences to human health and the augmenting of an antibiotic-resistant crisis. Countries worldwide have conducted analyses and confirmed the growth of bacterial strains immune to most antibiotics. The widespread use of antibiotics is shown in various sectors, including human medicine and agriculture, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.

Purpose: This comprehensive literature review focuses on finding the connection between the usage of antibiotics in livestock, the transfer of antibiotic resistance to humans through consumption and exposure, and international efforts to find solutions to antimicrobial …

The Use Of Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy With An Infrared Biotyper To Establish Classifiers For Major Serogroups Of Moraxella Bovis Based On Spectral Profiles, Jordyn Bailey Schommer

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

A classifier tool was created to identify major serogroups of Moraxella bovis based on spectral profiles collected from bacterial cells through the use of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. M. bovis strains were selected from a group of previously sequenced and genotyped isolates, which provided the pilin sequence type for each isolate. The obtained spectroscopic profiles were analyzed through artificial neural networks to create a classifier tool that could identify the PilA type for unknown strains. Once a sufficient spectral library was obtained, the isolates were split into a training and a validation group, each containing spectra from isolates of five …

Development Of Wireless Device Prototype For Measurement Of Rumen Ph And Temperature Continuously In Cattle, Piyanat Prasomsri, Apirak Tudsorn, Aekaluck Leklerdsiriwong, Chaidate Inchaisri, Siraphop Tooprakai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aims to develop a prototype rumen pH and rumen temperature measuring device for continuous measurement. The benefit is for the monitoring and early diagnosis of metabolic diseases in cattle, especially rumen acidosis and subacute ruminal acidosis. The developed prototype device was approximately 50 millimeters in diameter, 145 millimeters in length and weighed 400 grams. The outer structure of the prototype was made from abs plastic made by a 3D printer, while the internal device contained pH and temperature sensors, a microcontroller and battery. The prototype was placed in the ventral sac of the rumen of fistulated cattle for …

The Effect Of A Lactobacillus Containing Gel On The Clitoral Microbiome Of The Mare, Fiona E. Herzog

LSU Master's Theses

The equine lower reproductive tract harbors bacterial populations that serve as a reservoir for potential pathogens. Dysbiosis of urogenital sites may play a role in reproductive disease of the mare, including endometritis. Metagenetic studies have evaluated microbiomes in the uterus, vagina and placenta, while the clitoral microbiome has yet to be described. In this study, the following hypotheses were tested; 1) the clitoris harbors a unique microbiome, 2) topical Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC) probiotic will alter this microbiome, 3) acceptable per cycle pregnancy rates (PCPR) following probiotic application will be achieved. Reproductively normal mares (n=14) were selected, and clitoral fossa …

The Effects Of Pre-Parturient Nutrient Restriction On Milk Production, Milk Fat Percentage, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, And Lamb Growth In Sheep, Dakota Murray

All Theses

Cross-bred ewes carrying twins, confirmed via ultrasound, were split into two groups: nutrient-restricted (NR), n=15, and control (CON), n=16. On day (d) 86, at 60% of the NRC requirements, nutrient restriction began and lasted until parturition, at which point ewes were placed back onto a regular diet. After parturition, milk samples and lamb weights were taken on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Milk lipids were then extracted using modified methods proposed by Hara and Radin (1978). Lipid samples were weighed and then methylated following the procedure outlined by Lock and colleagues (2013). Methylated samples were then analyzed by gas …

Comparative Evaluation Of Clinical Presentation And Management Of Equine Asthma By Climate Region, Tacey Davis

Honors College Theses

Equine asthma, including both mild and severe forms, is a prominent respiratory disease impacting the health and performance levels of affected horses. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of a broad equine population, analyzing various disease aspects in relation to prevalence and severity across the nine climate regions in the United States. The methodology followed a survey-based research design, utilizing convenience and voluntary response sampling methods. Data collection involved 86 respondents across these regions. Quantitative and qualitative questions explored prevalence rates, diseases manifestation, risk factor of age, seasonality components, and diagnostic and management strategies from …

The Impact Of A Pgym Variant On Myophosphorylase Deficiency In Red Angus Composite Cattle And Changes In The Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Due To The Intramuscular Administration Of Lidocaine In Wether Lambs, Mackenzie Christin Batt

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Project 1 focused on eight calves in a Nebraska herd (composite Simmental, Red Angus, Gelbvieh) that displayed exercise intolerance during forced activity. Available sire pedigrees contained a paternal ancestor within 2-4 generations in all affected calves. Pedigrees of the calves’ dams were unavailable, however, the cows were ranch-raised and retained from prior breeding seasons, where bulls used for breeding occasionally had a common ancestor. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a de novo autosomal recessive variant was causative of exercise intolerance in these calves. A genome-wide association analysis followed by whole-genome sequencing led to the identification of a variant in the …

Artificial Insemination And Fetal Programming In Beef Production Systems, Dempster M. Christenson

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Pregnancy to artificial insemination and late gestation fetal programming of the next calf crop are central to genetic development, reproductive longevity, calf crop productivity, and efficiency of cow/calf ranching. The purposes of this research are to find methods to improve pregnancy rate to artificial insemination, the growth and reproductive health of pregnant heifers, and the productivity of their offspring. In the first of four studies we found that extending the period of progesterone administration in an estrus synchronization protocol did not significantly hasten estrus response or increase pregnancy rate to artificial insemination, but timing of estrus within the melengestrol acetate …