Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

4d Dynamic Spatial Brain Networks At Rest Linked To Cognition Show Atypical Variability And Coupling In Schizophrenia, Krishna Pusuluri, Zening Fu, Robyn Miller, Godfrey Pearlson, Peter Kochunov, Theo G M Van Erp, Armin Iraji, Vince D Calhoun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Despite increasing interest in the dynamics of functional brain networks, most studies focus on the changing relationships over time between spatially static networks or regions. Here we propose an approach to study dynamic spatial brain networks in human resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data and evaluate the temporal changes in the volumes of these 4D networks. Our results show significant volumetric coupling (i.e., synchronized shrinkage and growth) between networks during the scan, that we refer to as dynamic spatial network connectivity (dSNC). We find that several features of such dynamic spatial brain networks are associated with cognition, with …

Shared Delusion: Impact On The Parent-Child Relationship, Ngozi Adaralegbe, Ayotomide Oyelakin, Omobusayo Omotayo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Folie à famille, also known as shared psychotic disorder among family members, is a rare and underdiagnosed psychiatric condition. This disorder, seldom discussed in the literature, is particularly notable for its impact on clinical management and parent-child relationships. The few reported cases have predominantly focused on adult populations, leaving a significant gap in understanding how this condition manifests and affects younger individuals and family dynamics. One area that remains largely unexplored in the literature is the intersection between attachment patterns and shared psychosis, particularly in the context of parent-child relationships. Understanding this intersection is crucial, as it can provide insights …

Therapeutic Decisions And Implications In Patients With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Versus Bipolar Disorder: Key Insights For Clinicians, Ngozi Adaralegbe, Ayotomide Oyelakin, Omobusayo Omotayo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) are conditions that often manifest in childhood and can persist into adulthood. Due to the similarities in their clinical presentations, it is crucial for clinicians to have a thorough understanding of these disorders. Accurate differentiation of symptoms is essential for making precise diagnoses, as this directly influences treatment decisions and affects the overall functioning and quality of life of those impacted. Considered here is the case of a teenage male who initially presented with impulsivity and was diagnosed with ADHD. However, upon further evaluation, his diagnosis was revised to BD. …

Purpose In Life And Associated Cognitive And Affective Mechanisms, Louis Fang, Alfred Allan, Joanne M. Dickson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose in life is a well-established contributor to positive well-being. However, for a more comprehensive understanding of purpose in life, further exploration is needed about the processes implicated in purpose from a cognitive and affective perspective. This scoping review aims to identify the cognitive and/or affective mechanisms (CAMs) correlating with purpose in life and to examine these relationships based on relevant existing literature. Using search terms related to CAMs and purpose in life, we conducted a comprehensive search across five databases (Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and psycinfo) to identify those examining the relationship between these constructs. Ninety-nine manuscripts …

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Factors Related To Outcomes In Depression Among Youth With Hiv, Betsy D Kennard, Larry K Brown, Kristin Baltrusaitis, Miriam Chernoff, Graham J Emslie, Jessica Jones, Sarah Buisson, Jaime Deville, Megan Wilkins, Amber Bunch, Chivon Mcmullen Jackson, Christy Beneri, David E Shapiro

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: This is a secondary analysis of a multi-site, cluster (site) randomized trial of the efficacy of a combined Health and Wellness Cognitive Behavior Therapy (H&W CBT) and medication management approach for depression in youth with HIV (YWH) compared to standard care. In this study, we explored the association between H&W CBT factors and depression outcomes after 24 weeks of treatment to discover treatment elements associated with symptom reduction.

METHODS: Participants (12-24 years of age) were YWH in the United States (US) diagnosed with moderate to severe depression [Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Clinician-Rated score ≥ 11]. Thirteen US …

A Content Analysis Of Self-Report Child Anxiety Measures, Minjee Kook, Jane W Clinger, Eric Lee, Sophie C Schneider, Eric A Storch, Andrew G Guzick

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

A clear understanding of the item content of psychological assessments is critical but often overlooked. This study describes the content overlap of seven commonly used and psychometrically validated measures of anxiety among children and adolescents. Symptom codes were created for all items across measures and items were sorted by these codes, which all fell into specific symptom categories. We conducted two analyses of all items: a "bottom-up" content categorization approach, which used symptom categories that were developed during this study, and a "top-down" DSM-5 categorization which mapped items onto symptoms of anxiety disorders in the DSM-5. Findings reveal a weak …

Comparative Effectiveness Research Trial For Antidepressant Incomplete And Non-Responders With Treatment Resistant Depression (Ascertain-Trd) A Randomized Clinical Trial, George I Papakostas, Madhukar H Trivedi, Richard C Shelton, Dan V Iosifescu, Michael E Thase, Manish K Jha, Sanjay J Mathew, Charles Debattista, Mehmet E Dokucu, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Glenn W Currier, William Vaughn Mccall, Mandana Modirrousta, Matthew Macaluso, Alexander Bystritsky, Fidel Vila Rodriguez, Erik B Nelson, Albert S Yeung, Anna Feeney, Leslie C Macgregor, Thomas Carmody, Maurizio Fava

Staff and Researcher Publications

Further research is needed to help improve both the standard of care and the outcome for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A particularly critical evidence gap exists with respect to whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological augmentation is superior to antidepressant switch, or vice-versa. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of augmentation with aripiprazole or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus switching to the antidepressant venlafaxine XR (or duloxetine for those not eligible to receive venlafaxine) for treatment-resistant depression. In this multi-site, 8-week, randomized, open-label study, 278 subjects (196 females and 82 males, mean age 45.6 years (SD 15.3)) with …

Synaptic Fidelity For Drug Development: Is It Time To Move Beyond Glutamate Release And Receptors?, Chadi G Abdallah, Amanda J F Tamman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Sealy-Jefferson Et Al. Responds To Invited Commentary By Joseph Et Al. With “Toward Naming Who And What Is Accountable For Racial Inequities In Adverse Black Maternal Mental Health”, Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson, Benita Jackson, Brittney Francis

Psychology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence Models In Patient Education On Inferior Vena Cava Filters, Som Singh, Aleena Jamal, Farah Qureshi, Rohma Zaidi, Fawad Qureshi

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

Background: Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters have become an advantageous treatment modality for patients with venous thromboembolism. As the use of these filters continues to grow, it is imperative for providers to appropriately educate patients in a comprehensive yet understandable manner. Likewise, generative artificial intelligence models are a growing tool in patient education, but there is little understanding of the readability of these tools on IVC filters. Methods: This study aimed to determine the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch–Kincaid, and Gunning Fog readability of IVC Filter patient educational materials generated by these artificial intelligence models. Results: The ChatGPT cohort had …

More Resilience, More Green Berets: A Quantitative Analysis Of The Effects Of Functional Imagery Training During British Army Commando Training, Emma S. J. Yates

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This study investigates the low completion rates of the British Army commando training course in 2018-2019, recorded at 20%, following concerns raised by course Directing Staff. It examines the relationship between resilience and performance in military contexts and evaluates whether resilience-building interventions can improve completion rates. To establish how completion rates could be improved, sixty-two candidates from three commando training cohorts were recruited and assigned to either a Functional Imagery Training (FIT) intervention or a control group. Interventions were delivered in week one of training with a booster in week five. FIT, a goal-centred imagery intervention, has previously improved resilience-related …

Epigenetic Age Acceleration And Disparities In Posttraumatic Stress In Women In Southeast Louisiana: Nimhd Social Epigenomics Program, Alicia K. Smith, Seyma Katrinli, Dawayland O. Cobb, Evan G. Goff, Michael Simmond, Grace M. Christensen, Tyler Prusisz, Sierra N. Garth, Meghan Brashear, Anke Hüls, Erika J. Wolf, Edward J. Trapido, Ariane L. Rung, Nicole R. Nugent, Edward S. Peters

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

IMPORTANCE: Disasters experienced by an entire community provide opportunities to understand individual differences in risk for adverse health outcomes over time. DNA methylation (DNAm) differences may help to distinguish individuals at increased risk following large-scale disasters. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of epigenetic age acceleration with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptom severity in women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study examined data from participants in the Women and Their Children's Health cohort, who were characterized longitudinally following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS) in 2010 and through numerous hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region of …

Empirical Algorithms For Estimating Downwelling Light Attenuation At Λ=490 Nm From Sentinel-2 In A Narrow Optically Complex Bay, Plymouth Sound, United Kingdom, Louis J. Thornton

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This study investigates the potential of reflectance band ratios, modelled on Sentinel-2’s MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) bands 10m resolution to estimate the downwelling attenuation coefficient for planar irradiance, Kd(λ), at 490nm (Kd(490)) in Plymouth Sound. Kd(λ) is vital for characterising subsurface light climate, strongly influencing physical and biogeochemical processes in coastal and oceanic waters. In temperate shelf seas, human activities have led to loss in vitality and spatial extent of structurally complex seabed, emphasizing the need for enhanced monitoring. Satellite-based remote sensing (RS) offers spatial and temporal advantages to conventional in situ methods. There are, however two main inadequacies that persist …

The Wellbeing Benefits Of Exposure To Nature: The Difference Between Environment Types On Different Wellbeing Types, Lily-Mae Petherick

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The world is facing a mental health crisis, thus implementing measures to improve wellbeing is a global priority. One way of combating this worldwide issue is through the well-known wellbeing benefits of nature. However, natural environments include more than just the well-known green spaces, and wellbeing encompasses multiple components. Consequently, this study compares the wellbeing outcomes of virtual exposure to a green space, blue space, and urban environment on both hedonic (pleasure) and eudaimonic wellbeing (meaningfulness). A factorial design was employed in which 96 University of Plymouth students watched one stressor video and then one of three environment videos (green, …

Demystifying The Virtualization Process: A Call For Standard Reporting Of Virtual Modifications To Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, Using The Frame Model, Derrecka M Boykin, Tracey L Smith, Barbara Rakel, Merlyn Rodrigues, Jennie Embree, Ken Woods, Angelic D Chaison, Lilian Dindo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The sudden onset of the coronavirus disease led to a rapid expansion of video telehealth to deliver mental healthcare. Although video telehealth was not a new clinical practice, there was limited guidance on how best to modify evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for virtual delivery (a process also referred to as virtualization). The virtualization process for EBPs remains unclear as newly emerging reports on this topic do not consistently report modification decisions. This commentary calls attention to the need to improve documentation practices to allow a greater understanding of modifications needed to maximize the positive effects of EBPs transported to a virtual …

The Interplay Between Gender And Duration Of Hospitalization Modulates Psychiatric Symptom Severity In Subjects With Long Covid-19, Alessio Simonetti, Antonio Restaino, Claudia Calderoni, Emanuela De Chiara, Antonio Maria D'Onofrio, Salvatore Lioniello, Giovanni Camardese, Delfina Janiri, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi, Gabriele Sani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Long COVID-19 is characterized by ongoing symptoms or prolonged or long-term complications of SARS-CoV-2 contraction which persist beyond 4 weeks from the initial onset of symptoms. Gender and duration of hospitalization (DH) are key risk factors for developing long COVID-19 syndrome, but their impact and interplay need further study. This research involved 996 long COVID-19 patients, and we compared the levels of general psychopathology, depression, agitated depression, anxiety, and medication use between hospitalized and non-hospitalized males and females. In the hospitalized patients, multivariate regressions assessed the impact of gender, DH, and the interaction of these variables. The females had higher …

A Rapid Review Of The Barriers And Facilitators Of Mental Health Service Access Among Veterans And Their Families, Natalie Ein, Julia Gervasio, Kate St. Cyr, Jenny J.W. Liu, Clara Baker, Anthony Nazarov, J. Don Richardson

MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre

Introduction: Transitioning to civilian life after military service can be challenging for both Veterans and their families. Accessible mental health services are crucial during this period to provide support. The objective of this review was to conduct a rapid review to capture the barriers and identify facilitators that influence access to mental health services for Veterans and their families during the post-service transition period.

Methods: This review was conducted using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions as a methodological framework and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Rapid Review (PRISMA-RR).

Results: A total …

Self-Harm In Female Youth With Undiagnosed Adhd: Implementing American Academy Of Pediatrics Screening Guidelines, Roselie M. Woodard

Dissertations

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. If undiagnosed or untreated, ADHD can lead to severe psychosocial issues such as academic failure, substance abuse, unplanned pregnancy, and incarceration. The financial burden in the U.S. from diagnostic errors creates an immense, rising fiscal impact. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent these complications.

Females with ADHD, particularly those with the inattentive subtype, often face diagnostic challenges due to symptom masking and over-compensation. This results in poorer cognitive functioning and self-esteem compared to males with ADHD. ADHD is linked to autonomic nervous …

The Role Of Positive Affect In Asthma Control And Symptom Severity In Adolescents, Brooke N. Jenkins, Logan T. Martin, Jill S. Halterman, Judith T. Moskowitz, Laura M. Glynn, Pornchai Tirakitsoontorn, Sunil Kamath, Zeev N. Kain

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction

We test the effects of positive affect and its arousal subscale components of calm, wellbeing, and vigor on asthma control and symptom severity in adolescents with moderate to severe asthma. Additionally, we test whether positive affect (and its arousal components) moderate how stress impacts asthma control and symptom severity.

Methods

Adolescents with asthma (N = 66, ages 12–17) completed brief surveys 4 times a day for 7 days reporting on their positive affect, stress, and asthma symptom severity and conducted a morning peak expiratory flow assessment each day. Asthma control and psychological asthma triggers were assessed at the …

A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of The Psi-4-Sf In Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paige Weir

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The factor structure of the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-4-SF) was evaluated among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two hypotheses were tested: (1) the original PSI-4-SF model would yield an unsatisfactory fit, and (2) a three-factor alternative model would improve fit compared to the original and other models. A sample of 205 parent-child dyads was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the lavaan package in R Studio. Preliminary analyses included descriptive statistics, normality checks, and assessments of skewness and kurtosis. Results supported the first hypothesis, showing poor fit indices for the original PSI-4-SF model. …