Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

The Traumatic Stress Response In Child Maltreatment And Resultant Neuropsychological Effects, Kathryn R. Wilson, David J. Hansen, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem in our society that has long-term detrimental consequences to the development of the affected child such as future brain growth and functioning. In this paper, we surveyed empirical evidence on the neuropsychological effects of child maltreatment, with a special emphasis on emotional, behavioral, and cognitive process–response difficulties experienced by maltreated children. The alteration of the biochemical stress response system in the brain that changes an individual’s ability to respond efficiently and efficaciously to future stressors is conceptualized as the traumatic stress response. Vulnerable brain regions include the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and …

Policy And Practice: An Analysis Of The Implementation Of Supported Employment In Nebraska, Heng-Hsian N. Liu

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Supported employment (SE) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) for persons with severe mental illness (SMI) aimed at competitive employment.  SE has a large evidence base, demonstrating outcomes across settings and populations. SE has been promoted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and widely disseminated through the internet via a “community tool-kit” sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

The SE literature expresses the opinion that state governments can successfully implement SE.  Researchers have developed implementation guidelines and identified stages of statewide implementation; however, most SE implementation …

Olanzapine And Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding By Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience Of Conditioned Stimulus: Further Evidence, Chen Zhang, Yiru Fang, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Suppression of conditioned avoidance response is a preclinical behavioral index of antipsychotic activity. Previous work shows that olanzapine and risperidone disrupt avoidance response elicited by a less salient conditioned stimulus (CS2) to a greater extent than avoidance elicited by a more salient stimulus (CS1), suggesting that antipsychotic drugs may have a weakening action on motivational salience of stimuli. In the present study, we further examined this mechanism of antipsychotic action, focusing on the possible impact of baseline difference of CS1 and CS2 response rates on the avoidance-disruptive effect of olanzapine and risperidone. Rats were first trained to acquire avoidance responding …

Juror Perceptions Of Juveniles Transferred To Criminal Court: The Role Of Generic Prejudice And Emotion In Determinations Of Guilt, Megan Beringer Jones

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Research examining juror perceptions of juveniles tried as adults has provided mixed results, with some studies providing evidence of bias against juveniles tried as adults, and others finding no evidence of this bias.  The present research aimed to clarify this issue by examining the roles of generic prejudice and emotion in jurors’ judgments of juveniles tried as adults.  Study 1 assessed which stereotypes people associate with juveniles tried as adults compared to juveniles tried in juvenile court and adults tried in criminal court.  Study 2 examined to what extent angry, fearful, sad, and neutral mock jurors used these stereotypes to …

Sis-Map; Suicide Risk Assessment Scale, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

This is a New Scale for Assessment of suicide risk to evaluate clients referals and disposition. This Copy Right to Amresh Shrivastava and Chrles Nelson

Sleep Duration, Sleep Regularity, Body Weight, And Metabolic Homeostasis In School-Aged Children, Karen Spruyt, Dennis L. Molfese, David Gozal

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to explore the effects of duration and regularity of sleep schedules on BMI and the impact on metabolic regulation in children.

METHODS: Sleep patterns of 308 community-recruited children 4 to 10 years of age were assessed with wrist actigraphs for 1 week in a cross-sectional study, along with BMI assessment. Fasting morning plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein also were measured for a subsample.

RESULTS: Children slept 8 hours per night, on average, regardless of their weight categorization. A nonlinear trend between sleep and weight emerged. For obese children, …

Concurrent Herb-Prescription Medication Use And Health Care Provider Disclosure Among University Students, Cindy E. Mccrea, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives. To determine the extent to which college students are intermixing mood-altering herbs with prescription medications and whether they are disclosing this information to their health care providers.

Design and Setting. A nonrandom sample was drawn from the student body of a Northwestern state university (n=305).

Methods. In November 2008 participants completed an online survey detailing herb use, disclosure to health care providers and herb/medicinal intermixing.

Results. There were no demographic differences between herb users and non-users. Most herb usage was self-prescribed (60%) and undisclosed to healthcare providers (only 25% of herb users disclosed to a healthcare provider). 34% of …

Beyond Early Intervention, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Acsl6 Is Associated With The Number Of Cigarettes Smoked And Its Expression Is Altered By Chronic Nicotine Exposure, Jingchun Chen, Darlene H. Brunzell, Kia J. Jackson, Andrew Van Der Vaart, Jennie Z. Ma, Thomas J. Payne, Richard Sherva, Lindsay A. Farrer, Pablo Gejman, Douglas F. Levinson, Peter Holmans, Steven H. Aggen, Imad Damaj, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Bradley T. Webb, Raymond Anton, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelemter, Minf D. Li, Kenneth S. Kendler, Xiangning Chen

Psychiatry Publications

Individuals with schizophrenia tend to be heavy smokers and are at high risk for tobacco dependence. However, the nature of the comorbidity is not entirely clear. We previously reported evidence for association of schizophrenia with SNPs and SNP haplotypes in a region of chromosome 5q containing the SPEC2, PDZ-GEF2 and ACSL6 genes. In this current study, analysis of the control subjects of the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) sample showed similar pattern of association with number of cigarettes smoked per day (numCIG) for the same region. To further test if this locus is associated with tobacco smoking as measured …

Identifying Resiliency Factors In Commercially Sexually Exploited And Trafficked Youth: A Qualitative Study, Pamela Gutherie

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Although exact numbers are unknown, the largest prevalence study to date has estimated that between 1999-2000 alone a minimum of 244,000 children were at risk for being commercially sexually exploited in the United States, a number based on findings that approximately 70% of street youth and 30% of shelter youth engage in survival sex (Estes & Weiner, 2001). The consequences of commercial sexual exploitation can be devastating and range from mental and physical health problems, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence to death (Kramer & Berg, 2003). While some risk factors have been identified, with childhood sexual abuse being the …

The Effects Of A Net‐Centric Communication Tool On Communication Monitoring And Threat Detection, Kelly Satterfield, Victor Finomore, Courtney Castle

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Command and Control (C2) operators rely heavily on radio and chat communication as well as tactical displays to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets. The integration of information for the C2 operator is critical for mission success. This environment, which is communication intensive, imposes a high degree of workload on operators thus resulting in failures of detection or comprehension of critical messages. Multi‐Modal Communication (MMC) is a net‐centric communication management suite with advanced tools to better equip the warfighter in managing their communication. This study examined performance associated with monitoring communication channels, while also monitoring a dynamic tactical visual …

Occurrence Human Factors Analysis Model (Ohfam), Luo Min, Rong Mei, Li Jing

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In order to enhance the classification, analysis and utilization of safety information, China civil aviation develops a more suitable model named “Occurrence Human Factors Analysis Model(OHFAM)” ,which based on the “Human Factors Analysis and Classification System” (HFACS) and the actual operation conditions and characteristics of China civil aviation. This model consists of five layers and especially adds the layer of “Government Supervision” which reflects the deficiency of regulatory authorities in Safety Supervision. On the basis of safety information analysis and extensive research, OHFAM considers safety culture and operational characteristics of China civil aviation, and offers five layers in details from …

Digital Taxi Clearances In Airport Traffic Control Towers – Interface Design And Results From A High-Fidelity Simulation Experiment, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The experiment examined the effects of Digital taxi (D-Taxi) clearances when either 40% or 75% of the departure aircraft were data link equipped and compared these conditions to voice-only operations. Sixteen Airport Traffic Control Tower controllers used the Tower Operations Digital Data System at the ground control and local control positions to control airport traffic with a 270- degree simulated out-the-window view. The controllers worked at each position in each experimental condition, provided ratings of subjective workload, and responded to questionnaires. D-Taxi clearances for departure aircraft reduced voice communication between pilots and the ground controller when 75% of the aircraft …

Assessing Crewworkload On An Instrument Meteorological Approach Into A Nonradar Airport, Marilyn French-St. George Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

European Air Traffic Management Program (CARE, 2003) recommendations for a 3- phased approach to workload assessment provided Transportation Safety Board investigators insight into how operating conditions for approaches into a non-radar airport under instrument meteorological conditions impact crew workload. It was possible to develop and use secondary task questions for three of four cognitive task domains. Qualitative assessment of verbal responses illustrated how crews use verbal information to support mental models. A trend towards longer response times for the cognitively more demanding questions supported the hypothesis that maintaining situational awareness of flight status within the approach sequence is cognitively more …

Human Factors Issues Of Navigation Reference System Waypoints, Shawn Pruchnicki, Bonny Christopher

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

As part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System initiative the Navigation Reference System waypoint grid was developed to realize additional benefits of area navigation. Despite industry and government involvement in the original design of the grid, it has been met by operators and air traffic controllers with limited enthusiasm. The FAA is sponsoring research to identify human factors issues that might explain this lack of usage and the development of mitigations or recommendations for those issues discovered. In this paper, we will discuss our initial examination of the Navigation Reference System and review potential recommendations to several areas for …

Human Performance Training: Successes And Failures In Civil Aviation, Alan E. Diehl Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

For over twenty years, two similar types of training have attempted to reduce aviator caused accidents. Crew Resource Management was widely adopted by U.S. airlines, and has generally been credited with helping to dramatically reduce their accident rates. Interestingly, CRM was embraced with little scientific evidence that it could actually reduce operational errors. In contrast, Aeronautical Decision Making, aimed at general aviation users, underwent a series of double-blind experiments before being adopted. And, although some users suggested ADM training significantly reduced their accidents, it was never fully implemented. This may explain the limited improvement in general aviation accident rates, when …

A Preliminary Analysis Of Aeronautical Services In Air Navigation Activity, Lisia Maria Espinola Da Silva Pacheco Cabral, Igor Costa, Luciana Da Costa Leal, Dulce Maria Saint Pastous Madureira, Stael Prata Mendes, Edméia Moreira, Cristina Juliet De Jesus Reuter, Silvyanne Di Paula Santos Leão, Allan Tavares

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

DECEA - Air Space Control Department regulates Air Navigation activity in Brazil and authorizes military and civilian organizations to provide aeronautical services. This article presents a preliminary analysis of brazilian Air Navigation activity involving the following aeronautical services provided by a civilian organization: Air Traffic Control, Management and Telecommunication; Aeronautical Meteorology; and Aeronautical Information. This analysis is based on civilian psychologists´ professional practice and has the main purpose to subsidize Human Factors preventive approaches and studies to contribute to more proactive and predictive safety interventions; improvements on organizational safety culture, workers´ performance and interfaces (BRASIL, 2010a; ABERGO, 2010).

Mishap Reduction Training For C-130j Crews, Robert Nullmeyer, Alan Spiker, Greg Deen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The C-130J is an advanced automation aircraft flown with a smaller crew than its tactical airlift predecessors. It is seeing increased action in theater. The Air Mobility Command sponsored a multi-prong project to improve C-130J aircrew training for operations in high threat environments: (1) analyze C-130J and related platform (C-130 E/H, C-17) mishap reports, (2) survey C-130J crew real world experiences regarding threats to safety, and (3) observe C-130J crews as they plan and execute a challenging, tactically relevant simulator scenario. The Air Force C-130J safety record is enviable—no crew-caused Class A mishaps and low rates across all mishap categories …

Better-Than-Visual Technologies For Next Generation Air Transportation System Terminal Maneuvering Area Operations, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Randall E. Bailey, Kevin J. Shelton, Denise R. Jones, Lynda J. Kramer, Jarvis J. Arthur Iii, Steve P. Williams, Bryan E. Barmore, Kyle E. Ellis, Sherri A. Rehfeld

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

A consortium of industry, academia and government agencies are devising new concepts for future U.S. aviation operations under the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Many key capabilities are being identified to enable NextGen, including the concept of Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) – replicating the capacity and safety of today’s visual flight rules (VFR) in all-weather conditions. NASA is striving to develop the technologies and knowledge to enable EVO and to extend EVO towards a “Better-Than-Visual” (BTV) operational concept. The BTV operational concept uses an electronic means to provide sufficient visual references of the external world and other required flight …

How Thoroughly Do Proposed Nextgen Mid-Term Operational Improvements Address Existing Threats?, Jon Holbrook, Nicole Stasio, Lori Mcdonnell, Antonio Puentes, Kimberly Jobe, Bettina Beard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The goals of the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) include improved safety, increased capacity, increased efficiency, and reduced environmental impact. The FAA has developed 46 mid-term Operational Improvements (OIs) to facilitate initial realization of these benefits in the 2015 – 2018 timeframe. These OIs describe changes in technologies, policies and procedures from current-day air and ground operations designed to mitigate safety, capacity, efficiency, and environmental issues. The main goal of this project was to investigate how thoroughly threats to safety present in today’s operations are addressed by the OIs. These threats, without mitigation, could remain …