Survey Assessment And Initial Data: Flight Context And Pilot Techniques In Everyday Flights,
2023
Wright State University
Survey Assessment And Initial Data: Flight Context And Pilot Techniques In Everyday Flights, Dorrit Billman, Alan Hobbs, Lucas Cusano, Nóra Szládovics
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
The aviation industry is recognizing that flight crews routinely contribute to system safety in ways that go beyond adherence to standard operating procedures (SOPs). Our research goals were to explore a) whether a survey could shed light on pilots' contributions to adaptation and resilience in everyday flights and b) relevant assessment methods. The survey focused on challenges faced by pilots in normal operations, and on the ways that pilots anticipate and monitor those challenges. We collected responses concerning revenue flights from two pilot groups; one group also provided responses concerning a simulated scenario. The results indicated that relatively few flights …
Usability Shortcomings In Department Of Defense Funded Systems,
2023
Wright State University
Usability Shortcomings In Department Of Defense Funded Systems, Jerry Burpee
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Government developed systems, in particular Department of Defense (DoD) systems experience usability shortcomings that are not seen as often with systems developed for public or commercial use. The factors discussed include different funding models, limited competition, usability requirements and specifications, usability metrics, utilization of specialized users, lack of usability specialists, and non-revenue generation. By understanding and addressing these shortcomings, the usability in DoD developed systems can be improved to save the tax-payer money, minimize project and system risks, and improve user acceptance and satisfaction.
Comparison Of Delegation Methods For Task-Based Uav Guidance,
2023
Wright State University
Comparison Of Delegation Methods For Task-Based Uav Guidance, Marius Dudek, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
In this contribution we compare UAV delegation methods from a fighter-jet cockpit. Recent research approaches to UAV mission management have mainly been using touchscreen interactions and little research has systematically analyzed different input methods to delegate tasks. In this article, we present three UAV delegation methods that use touchscreen interactions, voice control, and a combination of eye-tracking and HOTAS buttons. The presented methods were integrated in a fighter-jet simulator and evaluated with ten participants. The performance of participants varied for different combinations of delegation method and task load. Touchscreen interaction was fastest on average, followed by voice interaction. The number …
Experimental Evaluation Of Cloud-Based Synchronous Mult-Pilot Multiuav Mission Plan Generation In A Mum-T Environment,
2023
Wright State University
Experimental Evaluation Of Cloud-Based Synchronous Mult-Pilot Multiuav Mission Plan Generation In A Mum-T Environment, Siegfried Maier, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
In this study, we compares two approaches for creating mission plans in mannedunmanned teams (MUM-T). In traditional military MUM-T air operations, one human pilot commands multiple UAVs in package-based planning. In situations where multiple teams are working together, it could be helpful to provide all human pilots with equal and simultaneous access to all available UAVs and remove hierarchical boundaries at the team level through a cloud-based approach. The experimental study involved 10 teams of 2 participants each to compare the two approaches. After each mission, participants completed a NASA-TLX questionnaire to assess their workload and rated their perceptions of …
What Can We Learn From Resilient Pilot Behaviors? The Case Of Energy Management While Flying A Star,
2023
Wright State University
What Can We Learn From Resilient Pilot Behaviors? The Case Of Energy Management While Flying A Star, Randall J. Mumaw, Dorrit Billman, Barth Baron Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Recently, there has been increased interest in documenting flightcrew behaviors that contribute to safe operations. Instead of only capturing errors, new efforts are attempting to understand how pilots manage complexity and variability in the operational environment to ensure a safe mission. This approach highlights pilot responses to events and conditions that fall outside typical TEM threats; e.g., revised ATC clearances. This approach presents a two-sided coin: characterize flightcrew resilience /or/ generate insights regarding complexity in the operational environment that is not adequately managed by current flight deck interface designs, procedures, and training. To capture operational complexity, we have been analyzing …
Defining Needs For Enhanced Weather Products For Uas And Ga Stakeeholders: A Qualitative Study,
2023
Wright State University
Defining Needs For Enhanced Weather Products For Uas And Ga Stakeeholders: A Qualitative Study, Scout Hernandez, Nicoletta Fala
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Weather is a major influencing factor in determining if a pilot can safely fly on any given day. Unfavorable weather conditions can cause accidents and lead to potential injuries or death. In this paper, we use focus groups to gather perspectives of General Aviation (GA) pilots and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) operators on weather communication products and their influence on weather-related decision-making. GA pilots have used products to make informed decisions for a while, but UAS operators are relatively new to their adoption and may have different methods of usage. Understanding how both groups perceive weather communication and prediction will …
Creating Usable Research For The Design And Evaluation Of Flight Deck Systems And Human Interfaces,
2023
Wright State University
Creating Usable Research For The Design And Evaluation Of Flight Deck Systems And Human Interfaces, Divya C. Chandra
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
This paper offers advice to researchers who want their research to be used by regulatory and industry practitioners to design and evaluate flight deck systems and their human interfaces. First, I present a few examples of success and review existing guidance. Next, I explain a design-thinking paradigm that views the design of a research study as a product. In this context, the users of the research (i.e., the product) are the practitioners. Researchers can smooth the path from research to practice by using this paradigm.
The Weak Signals Of Cyber Discerning And Learning That Which Is Meant To Be Imperceptible, Illusory, And To Inveigle,
2023
Wright State University
The Weak Signals Of Cyber Discerning And Learning That Which Is Meant To Be Imperceptible, Illusory, And To Inveigle, Elena St Amour, Phat Ngo, Tameah Young, James Ness
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Cyber threats are often weak signals designed to exploit targeted systems. These signals manipulate cyber, psyber, and risk communication components of the signal to diminish signal-to-noise ratio. Cyber components are the physical aspects of the signal that can range from viral code to the use of aberrant signals from the electromagnetic spectrum to confound operations such as global positioning systems. The psyber component includes the behavioral propensities of the individual operator and level of experience detecting and managing threats. Risk communication is the tension set by the organizational culture priming individual operator propensities. The psyber components affect the ability to …
Pilots’ Eye Behavior And Electrodermal Activity During Flight,
2023
Wright State University
Pilots’ Eye Behavior And Electrodermal Activity During Flight, Gajapriya Tamilselvan, Stephen M. Belt
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
The purpose of this study was to investigate how a given flight task manifested in pilots’ eye behavior and electrodermal activity and how they changed over the course of an instrument flight session. This study implemented a quasi-experimental one-group time series design to identify attentional and emotional states of pilots. Pilots were emotionally aroused during flight segments like takeoff and climb, approach and landing-1, missed approach, and approach and landing-2. Pilots felt visually demanding during takeoff and climb, approach and landing-1, missed approach, en route-2, and approach and landing-2. Missed approach was the most visually taxing flight segment, where pilots …
Preventing Scenario Recognition In Human-In-The-Loop Air Traffic Control Research,
2023
Wright State University
Preventing Scenario Recognition In Human-In-The-Loop Air Traffic Control Research, Gijs De Rooij, Clark Borst, M. M. Van Paassen, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
In academic air traffic control research, traffic scenarios are often repeated to increase the sample size and enable paired-sample comparisons, e.g., between different display variants. This comes with the risk that participants recognize scenarios and consequently recall the desired response. In this paper we provide an overview of mitigation techniques found in literature and conclude that ro-tating scenario geometries is most frequently used. The potential impact of these transformations on participant behavior, as described in this paper, is however not sufficiently addressed in most studies. As an example we, therefore, analyze previously collected eye tracking data from ten professional air …
Stereoscopic Depth Cues For Enhancing Pilot Interpretation Of The Artificial Horizon,
2023
Wright State University
Stereoscopic Depth Cues For Enhancing Pilot Interpretation Of The Artificial Horizon, Dale-Allen Arrundell, Annemarie Landman, Olaf Stroosma, M. M. Van Paassen, Eric Groen, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Background. Previous studies and accident analyses have shown that pilots can make roll reversal errors when responding to bank angles shown by the artificial horizon in the Primary Flight Display (PFD). In the current study, we tested whether adding stereoscopic depth cues to the artificial horizon may lead to better bank angle representation due to an improved figure-ground separation between the symbols. Method. Stereoscopic depth cues were created by using a half-silvered mirror multi-layer PFD, which presented the horizon symbol on a lower layer and the aircraft symbol on a higher layer. A group of 23 non-pilots and 18 general …
A Natural Language Processing Model For Analyzing Aviation Safety Event Reports: A Subset Of Results,
2023
Wright State University
A Natural Language Processing Model For Analyzing Aviation Safety Event Reports: A Subset Of Results, R. Jordan Hinson, Edward Bynum, Amelia Kinsella, Katherine Berry, Michael Sawyer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Many civil aviation authorities, operators, and manufacturers utilize voluntary safety reporting programs (VSRPs) to understand risk within their operations. Insights from these first-hand accounts can lead to significant safety and efficiency improvements. Subject matter experts often read and analyze these reports by labeling factors of interest to derive safety insights. The resources required for this analysis can limit the insights an organization can obtain from their VSRP data. A novel machine learning model was developed and trained on over 50,000 rows of manually labeled aviation VSRP data. This model uses machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to automate the …
Research And Technology Challenges For Human Data Analysts In Future Safety Management Systems,
2023
Wright State University
Research And Technology Challenges For Human Data Analysts In Future Safety Management Systems, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Kyle K. Ellis, Michael J. Vincent, Samantha I. Infeld, Nikunj C. Oza, Misty D. Davies, Robert W. Mah, Paul A. Krois, Janes Ackerson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Enabling new and novel concepts of operations for Advanced Air Mobility poses an important need to evolve current safety management systems (SMS) and is posited to be realized through advances in Machine Learning (ML) Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence. The “In-time Aviation Safety Management System” (IASMS) concept of operations supports the need to evolve today’s SMS to become more tailorable, scalable, and interoperable in response to forecasted changes expected for the future airspace system. Key to IASMS is integration of proactive and predictive ML algorithms trained to provide “in time” detection and mitigation of hazards and emergent risks through new …
Interface Design For Collaboration With Semi-Autonomous Agents From An Airborne Aircraft,
2023
Wright State University
Interface Design For Collaboration With Semi-Autonomous Agents From An Airborne Aircraft, Maj John A. Steveneson, John Mcguirl, Michael E. Miller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
The development of intelligent standoff weapons presents several challenges to support effective human-machine teaming. A key issue involves leveraging the weapon’s ability to sense and react to new threats and engage targets of opportunity in flight while balancing human fiduciary control. This research sought to develop a methodology to determine information requirements of weapons operators to support high levels of teaming during a mission. Baselining a population of operators and conducting cognitive task analyses of system experts from among Air Force Weapons School graduates helped to understand the cognitive requirements and teaming practices of currently fielded systems and elicit goals …
International Students Sense Of Belongingness And Motivation On Academic And Flight Performance,
2023
Wright State University
International Students Sense Of Belongingness And Motivation On Academic And Flight Performance, Sophie M. A. Chanoux, Andrew R. Dattel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Motivation, confidence, and internal achievement factors such as locus of control (LOC) and self-efficacy are important in successful learning. A feeling of belongingness might affect students’ confidence, therefore affecting flight training performance. This study explored the relationship between self-reports of social activities and confidence with academic performance and flight performance. Nineteen international students (13m, 6f) with a mean age of 21.42 (SD = 2.29), currently enrolled in a flight training program at a university answered a survey. Significant correlations were found between LOC and confidence in the English language; self-efficacy and number of failures at the end of the Private …
Pilots’ Perspectives On Urban Air Mobility Safety Challenges And Potential Solutions,
2023
Wright State University
Pilots’ Perspectives On Urban Air Mobility Safety Challenges And Potential Solutions, Rania Wageh Ghatas, Saeideh E. Samani, Victoria L. Dulchinos, Richard H. Mogford
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
As electric vertical takeoff and landing air taxis make their way to urban airspace operations within the United States National Airspace System, many research efforts are underway to identify and understand pertinent issues needed to support the influx of new, passenger-carrying, air vehicles over highly dense, urban communities. The primary focus of this research effort was to gather subjective data from subject matter experts concerning current-day airspace operations to identify potential gaps and improvements needed to support and sustain near-term UAM operations. These potential gaps and improvements will form the foundation for the development of initial information exchange requirements between …
Evaluating Envisioned Air Mobility Architectures Using Computational Simulations Of Work,
2023
Wright State University
Evaluating Envisioned Air Mobility Architectures Using Computational Simulations Of Work, Abhinay Paladugu, Alicia Fernandes, Stuart Wilson, Thomas J. Davis, Jarrod Lichty, Martijn Ijtsma
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an envisioned concept of operation for managing uncrewed and crewed flights for urban, regional, and interregional air transportation. One element of further development of this envisioned system is to specify architectures in terms of roles and procedures for managing contingencies. Contingency management is a highly distributed function involving coordination between multiple system actors. In this study, a computational model is applied to analyze envisioned procedures and identify architectural solutions to improve the robustness of the contingency response. The simulation framework Work Models that Compute (WMC) is used to analyze a proposed UAM lost link procedure …
Effective Integration Of Human Factors Engineering Into Faa System Development Acquisition Programs,
2023
Wright State University
Effective Integration Of Human Factors Engineering Into Faa System Development Acquisition Programs, Philip J. Smith
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
This was a research effort focused on developing recommendations to improve the understanding and application of human factors (HF) by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) acquisition program personnel. Broadly speaking, the goal was to investigate methods to help ensure the successful integration of human factors over the lifecycle of the FAA acquisition process. Structured interviews were conducted with 24 individuals with relevant program management and HF experience from the FAA and industry. Relevant FAA resources (documents and websites) and past examples of products developed by individual acquisition programs were reviewed. Based on this research, 22 recommendations were made. Key recommendations along …
Fatigue And Recovery In Pilots And Air Traffic Controllers: A Military Case Study,
2023
Wright State University
Fatigue And Recovery In Pilots And Air Traffic Controllers: A Military Case Study, Pedro Piedade
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
Fatigue is a known threat to individuals, especially in high demanding and risky tasks, because of its physical, mental, and emotional consequences. In high reliability organizations (HRO), fatigue is a hazard to safety management systems and requires effective mitigation strategies. At the individual level, recovery experiences enable the ability to manage stressful situations at work but can also be effective in dealing with fatigue. In this research, 137 military pilots and air traffic controllers from the Portuguese Air Force (PoAF) responded to an online survey. The results showed that both samples were especially impacted by mental fatigue, but air traffic …
Can You Hear Me? Simultaneous Masking Between The Stars Air Traffic Control Alarms,
2023
Wright State University
Can You Hear Me? Simultaneous Masking Between The Stars Air Traffic Control Alarms, Corey Hall, Elliot Biltekoff, Matthew L. Bolton
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023
The Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) was introduced to eliminate unnecessary Air Traffic Control (ATC) alarms and reduce air traffic controller confusion about alarms. The six STARS alarms are tonal melodies. Because of this, they are susceptible to simultaneous masking: where a tone cannot be heard in the presence of other sounds due to limitations of the human sensory system. This work used a proof-based computational method to analyze the STARS alarms to determine if any masking is possible. Our results found three instances where alarms could be partially masked (have part of their signal made inaudible) by other …
