Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Dog Guardians’ Subjective Well-Being During Times Of Stress And Crisis: A Diary Study Of Affect During Covid-19, Lori S. Hoy, Brigitte Stangl, Nigel Morgan

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

The impacts of companion animals on human well-being have been receiving increased media and research attention, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, there have been calls for research to consider the major components of subjective well-being separately and for research designs to include assessments over time. In line with this suggestion, the purpose of this study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how being a dog guardian can impact affect and contribute to the overall assessment of subjective well-being. This study used a seven-day diary design to capture 31 dog guardians’ day-to- day feelings and thoughts …

How Did The Landscape Of Student Belonging Shift During Covid-19?, Shruti Misra, Neha Kardam, Jennifer Vanantwerp, Denise Wilson

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The goal of this study is to understand if and how emergency remote teaching (ERT) used during the COVID-19 pandemic changed the ways in which instructional support and interactions were linked to belonging among engineering students. Belonging is a fundamental human motivation associated with a wide range of positive psychological, educational, social, and job outcomes. Frequent and predominantly conflict-free interactions within a stable, relational framework of caring are required to facilitate belonging. To better understand potential shifts in belonging that occurred from prepandemic to mid-pandemic, this study used survey data from a cross-sectional dataset at a single, large institution comprised …

Parents’ Perspectives On The Utility Of Genomic Sequencing In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Amy A. Lemke, Michelle L. Thompson, Emily C. Gimpel, Katelyn C. Mcnamara, Carla A. Rich, Candice R. Finnila, Meagan E. Cochran, James M.J. Lawlor, Kelly M. East, Kevin M. Bowling, Donald R. Latner, Susan M. Hiatt, Michelle D. Amaral, Whitley V. Kelley, Veronica Greve, David E. Gray, Stephanie A. Felker, Hannah Meddaugh, Ashley Cannon, Amanda Luedecke, Kelly E. Jackson, Laura G. Hendon, Hillary M. Janani, Marla Johnston, Lee Ann Merin, Sarah L. Deans, Carly Tuura, Trent Hughes

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: It is critical to understand the wide-ranging clinical and non-clinical effects of genome sequencing (GS) for parents in the NICU context. We assessed parents’ experiences with GS as a first-line diagnostic tool for infants with suspected genetic conditions in the NICU. Methods: Parents of newborns (N = 62) suspected of having a genetic condition were recruited across five hospitals in the southeast United States as part of the SouthSeq study. Semi-structured interviews (N = 78) were conducted after parents received their child’s sequencing result (positive, negative, or variants of unknown significance). Thematic analysis was performed on all interviews. Results: …

Reconceptualizing The Interaction Between Adhd Symptoms And Environmental Context, Oliver G. Mcfadden

University Honors Theses

Difficult questions regarding etiology, prevalence, and individual treatment allude to the heterogenous and complex neurocognitive profile ADHD. Current understandings do not point to there being any yet-undiscovered, succinct set of features for the condition that will answer these questions. ADHD in fact has a heterogeneous etiology and neurocognitive profile, suffers from both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, and a variety of styles of treatment are conceivable to address this. Sociocultural factors have crucially guided the direction of ADHD pathology and medicalization and are woven into institutional environments. These extant problems have eluded ADHD research, and the debate over the construction and validity …

Tattoos And Trauma: Are Tattoos Healing For Trauma?, Krystal Bell

University Honors Theses

Prior research and literature reviews suggest that there is medicinal value in tattooing for the healing of trauma. However, tattooing is still a burgeoning topic in academic studies and still mostly taboo as a western societal practice, so there are gaps in qualitative and quantitative data that could further validate the healing benefits of tattoos for trauma. This literature review analyzed 30 peer reviewed articles that focus on "contemporary tattoo data," "indigenous traditions and practices," "tattoos and trauma," and other alternative healing such as "MDMA, psilocybin, EMDR" to establish a well-rounded investigation into tattoos as an alternative healing option. The …

Intranasal Carbetocin Reduces Hyperphagia, Anxiousness, And Distress In Prader-Willi Syndrome: Care-Pws Phase 3 Trial, Elizabeth Roof, Cheri L Deal, Shawn E Mccandless, Ronald L Cowan, Jennifer L Miller, Jill K Hamilton, Elizabeth R Roeder, Shana E Mccormack, Tamanna R Roshan Lal, Hussein D Abdul-Latif, Andrea M Haqq, Kathryn S Obrynba, Laura C Torchen, Alaina P Vidmar, David H Viskochil, Jean-Pierre Chanoine, Carol K L Lam, Melinda J Pierce, Laurel L Williams, Lynne M Bird, Merlin G Butler, Diane E Jensen, Susan E Myers, Oliver J Oatman, Charumathi Baskaran, Laura J Chalmers, Cary Fu, Nathalie Alos, Scott D Mclean, Ajay Shah, Barbara Y Whitman, Brent A Blumenstein, Sarah F Leonard, Jessica P Ernest, Joseph W Cormier, Sara P Cotter, Davis C Ryman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by endocrine and neuropsychiatric problems including hyperphagia, anxiousness, and distress. Intranasal carbetocin, an oxytocin analog, was investigated as a selective oxytocin replacement therapy.

Objective: To evaluate safety and efficacy of intranasal carbetocin in PWS.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with long-term follow-up.

Setting: Twenty-four ambulatory clinics at academic medical centers.

Participants: A total of 130 participants with PWS aged 7 to 18 years.

Interventions: Participants were randomized to 9.6 mg/dose carbetocin, 3.2 mg/dose carbetocin, or placebo 3 times daily during an 8-week placebo-controlled period (PCP). During a subsequent …

Missed And Prior Diagnoses In Children Later Diagnosed With Autism, Maire Diemer

Dissertations

Awareness of autism is rising, yet social determinants of health continue to impact rates, ages of diagnosis, and diagnostic load. Different psychiatric labels carry stigmas; unequal rates of diagnoses may indicate biases in the healthcare system. This study investigates six prior diagnoses (ADHD, disorders of conduct, adjustment, anxiety, mood, and intellectual disability) assigned to children who are later diagnosed with autism. The study investigates how race, sex, and geographic factors were associated with age of diagnosis and diagnostic load. This study utilized a sample of 13,850 children aged 2-10 who were diagnosed with autism on Missouri Medicaid between 2015 and …

Snx3 Is Important For Mammalian Neural Tube Closure Via Its Role In Canonical And Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling, Lei Dong, Mengchuan Xu, Yang Li, Wanting Xu, Chengwei Wu, Hanfei Zheng, Zhenyu Xiao, Guochen Sun, Lei Ding, Xiaobo Li, Wenming Li, Liying Zhou, Qin Xia

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer cells consistently utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR) to encounter the abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Extreme activation of the UPR could also provoke maladaptive cell death. Previous reports have shown that NRF2 antioxidant signaling is activated by UPR and serves as noncanonical pathway to defense and reduce excessive ROS levels during ER stress. However, the mechanisms of regulating NRF2 signaling upon ER stress in glioblastoma have not been fully elucidated. Here we identify that SMURF1 protects against ER stress and facilitates glioblastoma cell survival by rewiring KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. We show that …

Exenatide As An Adjunct To Nicotine Patch For Smoking Cessation And Prevention Of Postcessation Weight Gain Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers With Pre-Diabetes And/Or Overweight: Study Protocol For A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Luba Yammine, Christopher D Verrico, Francesco Versace, Heather E Webber, Robert Suchting, Michael F Weaver, Thomas R Kosten, Husein Alibhai, Paul M Cinciripini, Scott D Lane, Joy M Schmitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and smoking are the two leading causes of preventable death in the USA. Unfortunately, most smokers gain weight after quitting. Postcessation weight gain (PCWG) is frequently cited as one of the primary barriers to a quit attempt and a common cause of relapse. Further, excessive PCWG may contribute to the onset or progression of metabolic conditions, such as hyperglycaemia and obesity. The efficacy of the current treatments for smoking cessation is modest, and these treatments have no clinically meaningful impact on mitigating PCWG. Here, we outline a novel approach using glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), which have …

Aggression And Mao-A Gene, Sacheta Sudhendra Kulkarni, Shilpa Sam S, Kishor Manohar Rao, Abhijith Devaraju

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

No abstract provided.

Treatment Burden, Not Health Risk Attitude Associated With Adherence In Patients With Mental Illness In South India, Dushad Ram, Neethu Benny, Shruthy Kv

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: Attitude towards health risks and treatment burden may mediate treatment adherence in therapeutic care. There is a paucity of study examining the levels and relationships of these variables in patients with mental illness. Objective: This study was conducted to know the relationships of health risk attitude & treatment burden and medication adherence in patients with mental illness. Settings and design: Cross-sectional, Hospital-based study. Methods and material: One hundred seventy consecutive participants in remission of mental illness were recruited. The patient's details were assessed with Sociodemographic proforma while attitude towards health risk was assessed with Health-Risk Attitude Scale (HRAS). To …

Perceived Adequacy Of Training And Identification Of Barriers To Choosing Academic Faculty Positions Among Psychiatry Postgraduate Students In India, Raviteja Innamuri, Ambuja Dacha, Rajendhar Soorinedu, Siva Kumar Chennam Setty, Kishor Manohar Rao

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

The increasing burden of psychiatric morbidity will proportionately increase the need for teachers of psychiatry in medical colleges. There are no studies on the current postgraduates’ perception about taking up faculty positions. We conducted an online cross-sectional study among 101 postgraduates using self-reporting questionnaires from October 2021 to November 2021. Majority were female, in 25-30 years age group, studying final year in private medical college. They willing to consider teaching positions and expressed interest in training programs. Significant facilitators and barriers to taking up faculty posts included interest in private practice, politics and vacancies available in place of interest.

Neurocognitive Dysfunction With Neuronal Injury In People With Hiv On Long-Duration Antiretroviral Therapy, Cynthia Mcmahan, Devon K Dietrich, Elizabeth F Horne, Erin Kelly, Katrina Geannopoulos, Peter Selim Siyahhan Julnes, Lillian Ham, Ulisses Santamaria, Chuen-Yen Lau, Tianxia Wu, Hsing-Chuan Hsieh, Anuradha Ganesan, Catherine Berjohn, Suad Kapetanovic, Daniel S Reich, Govind Nair, Joseph Snow, Brian K Agan, Avindra Nath, Bryan R Smith

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background and objectives: Neurologic outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) on long-duration antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not fully understood, and the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. To address this, we established a cohort of such individuals and compared them with HIV-negative controls using a novel matching technique. Both groups underwent extensive cognitive testing, evaluation for psychiatric measures, and MRI and CSF analyses.

Methods: Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing and completed standardized questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms, perceptions of own functioning, and activities of daily living as part of an observational study. Brain MRI and lumbar puncture were optional. Coarsened Exact Matching was …

Infant Effortful Control Predicts Bmi Trajectories From Infancy To Adolescence, Lillybelle K. Deer, Jenalee R. Doom, Kylie K. Harrall, Deborah H. Glueck, Laura M. Glynn, Curt A. Sandman, Elysia Poggi Davis

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Effortful control, or the regulation of thoughts and behaviour, is a potential target for preventing childhood obesity.

Objectives

To assess effortful control in infancy through late childhood as a predictor of repeated measures of body mass index (BMI) from infancy through adolescence, and to examine whether sex moderates the associations.

Methods

Maternal report of offspring effortful control and measurements of child BMI were obtained at 7 and 8 time points respectively from 191 gestational parent/child dyads from infancy through adolescence. General linear mixed models were used.

Results

Effortful control at 6 months predicted BMI trajectories from infancy through adolescence, …

An Erp Measure Of Non-Conscious Memory Reveals Dissociable Implicit Processes In Human Recognition Using An Open-Source Automated Analytic Pipeline, Richard J. Addante, Javier Lopez-Calderon, Nathan Allen, Carter Luck, Alana Muller, Lindsey Sirianni, Cory S. Inman, Daniel L. Drake

Psychology Student Publications

Non-conscious processing of human memory has traditionally been difficult to objectively measure and thus understand. A prior study on a group of hippocampal amnesia (N = 3) patients and healthy controls (N = 6) used a novel procedure for capturing neural correlates of implicit memory using event-related potentials (ERPs): old and new items were equated for varying levels of memory awareness, with ERP differences observed from 400 to 800 ms in bilateral parietal regions that were hippocampal-dependent. The current investigation sought to address the limitations of that study by increasing the sample of healthy subjects (N = …

The Novel Uncompetitive Nmda Receptor Antagonist Esmethadone (Rel-1017) Has No Meaningful Abuse Potential In Recreational Drug Users, Megan J Shram, Jack E Henningfield, Glen Apseloff, Charles W Gorodetzky, Sara De Martin, Frank L Vocci, Frank L Sapienza, Thomas R Kosten, Jeff Huston, August Buchhalter, Judy Ashworth, Ryan Lanier, Franco Folli, Andrea Mattarei, Clotilde Guidetti, Stefano Comai, Cedric O'Gorman, Sergio Traversa, Charles E Inturrisi, Paolo L Manfredi, Marco Pappagallo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Esmethadone (REL-1017) is the opioid-inactive dextro-isomer of methadone and a low-affinity, low-potency uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. In a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, esmethadone showed rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the abuse potential of esmethadone. Each study utilized a randomized, double-blind, active-, and placebo-controlled crossover design to assess esmethadone compared with oxycodone (Oxycodone Study) or ketamine (Ketamine Study) in healthy recreational drug users. Esmethadone 25 mg (proposed therapeutic daily dose), 75 mg (loading dose), and 150 mg (Maximum Tolerated Dose) were evaluated in each study. Positive controls were oral oxycodone 40 mg …

Humanity In Trauma, Alyssa K. Thompson

University Honors Theses

The main objective of the literature review is to use the trauma-informed care paradigm to argue that the current implementation of trauma-informed care reinforces hierarchies of harm, leading to feelings of moral obligation and moral injury while perpetuating othering. This literature review criticizes trauma-informed care, emphasizing lived experiences against the characteristics trauma-informed care aspires to reflect. The review centers on the broad themes of understanding, universality, and acceptance of the present trauma-informed care paradigm. The critique comes from the silently excluded group of healthcare workers, with a personal perspective from a professional who worked in an urban hospital emergency department …

Effects Of Daylight On College Students’ Physical And Mental Well-Being, Sathya Thenappan

Quantitative Social Science Undergraduate Senior Theses

While existing literature predominantly deals with the impact of daylight on adults in general and more specifically at the workplace, less is known about its impact on the college student demographic and daylight exposure levels at college residences. Given its considerable impact on both the physical and mental well-being of individuals, daylight has been used in the treatment of an assortment of diseases from seasonal affective disorder to depression. With college students constituting the majority of today’s people who suffer from mental health issues in society, uncovering the link between daylight exposure and its impact on the physical and mental …

Role Of Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation In Rodent Locus Coeruleus Physiology And Anxiety-Like Behaviors, Arthur Anthony Alfonso Reyes

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

The locus coeruleus (LC), the primary site of brain norepinephrine (NE), is a key anatomical brain region implicated in the stress response. Stress is a neuroendocrine physiologic response to a stressor that promotes organism survival through adaptive change and restoration of homeostasis. The central stress response, which drives behavioral and physiological change, is primarily mediated by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While advantageous in the short term, chronic stress exposure can lead to HPA axis and LC dysregulation, which are thought to contribute to the etiology of anxiety disorders. Previous studies demonstrate the effects of acute stress in increasing LC …

Evidence-Based Practices And Self-Efficacy: A Quantitative Study Of Mental Health Counselors Treating Clients With Substance Use Disorder, Carl Bastien

Dissertations

Substance use disorder affects a substantial number of individuals in the United States. The specific problem of this research is that it was not known to what extent their use of evidence-based practices is driven by their sense of self-efficacy. The purpose of this quantitative correlational research was to examine to what extent the use of evidence-based practices covary with a sense of self-efficacy for mental health counselors treating individuals diagnosed with a substance use disorder. The study population was 121 mental health counselors who specialized in substance use disorder treatment who completed a digital survey. The study findings did …