Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Interleukin-1 Signaling And Alcohol-Induced Cortical Dysfunction, Florence Varodayan, Amanda Pahng, Tony Davis, T. Nadav, I. Polis, C.C. Cates-Gatto, Michal Bajo, Michael D. Burkart, Scott Edwards, Amanda J. Roberts, Marisa Roberto

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Alcoholism and Stress: A Framework for Future Treatment Strategies; Volterra, Italy; May 16-19, 2023

Promoting Ocd Wellness And Resilience (Power) Study: Rationale, Design, And Methods, Jessica D Leuchter, Minjee Kook, Daniel A Geller, Alyssa G Hertz, Jessica Garcia, Erika S Trent, Tracey Dibbs, Ogechi Onyeka, Wayne K Goodman, Andrew G Guzick, Andrew D Wiese, Amanda D Palo, Brent J Small, H Blair Simpson, Lauren K Havel, Sohail A Nibras, Kirti Saxena, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-2% of children and is associated with functional impairment and diminished quality of life. Several treatments are efficacious: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention, serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) monotherapy, and combined treatment (SRI + CBT). Expert clinician-informed practice parameters suggest that youth with mild to moderate OCD should be treated initially with CBT yet SRIs are frequently employed as the first-line intervention or in combination with psychotherapy in applied practice. Empirical data to guide SRI discontinuation in pediatric OCD are very limited. This study, Promoting OCD Wellness and Resiliency (POWER), aims to address …

Promoting Ocd Wellness And Resilience (Power) Study: Rationale, Design, And Methods, Jessica D Leuchter, Minjee Kook, Daniel A Geller, Alyssa G Hertz, Jessica Garcia, Erika S Trent, Tracey Dibbs, Ogechi Onyeka, Wayne K Goodman, Andrew G Guzick, Andrew D Wiese, Amanda D Palo, Brent J Small, H Blair Simpson, Lauren K Havel, Sohail A Nibras, Kirti Saxena, Eric A Storch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1-2% of children and is associated with functional impairment and diminished quality of life. Several treatments are efficacious: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention, serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) monotherapy, and combined treatment (SRI + CBT). Expert clinician-informed practice parameters suggest that youth with mild to moderate OCD should be treated initially with CBT yet SRIs are frequently employed as the first-line intervention or in combination with psychotherapy in applied practice. Empirical data to guide SRI discontinuation in pediatric OCD are very limited. This study, Promoting OCD Wellness and Resiliency (POWER), aims to address …

Neural Correlates Of Comorbidity Of Anxiety Disorders And Eating Disorders, Karsen Coelho

University Honors Theses

The presence of eating disorder and anxiety disorder comorbidity has raised the question of whether or not there is a causal relationship between them. Previous studies have found that this comorbidity has been present in various patients with anxiety disorders and eating disorders, going further to try and determine which diagnosis came first. By conducting a literature review, studies were examined to determine neurobiological regions impacted by both disorders. Prefrontal cortex abnormalities are consistent among both disorders, contributing to differences in behavior and reward systems. With the irregular structure and activation of the amygdala, emotion and fear regulation are disrupted …

Examining Benefits Of Early Intervention In Cases Of Pediatric Chronic Hypoxia, Kendra Stefan

University Honors Theses

There is a strong foundation of evidence and consensus in the literature that hypoxia has adverse impacts on brain function. Recent research has broadened the field in two directions. One is the treatment for acute hypoxic injuries, and the second is regarding the accumulative impact of intermittent or chronic hypoxia. Historically, in cases of acute hypoxia, action is taken to remedy the source of hypoxia. Physical and cognitive rehabilitation has typically been provided as needed depending on the severity of the injury. While cases of intermittent or chronic hypoxia may not demonstrate an acute urgency for treatment and rehabilitation, current …

A Gift To My Self: A Psychoanalytic Approach To Understanding The Experiences Of Women Who Choose Not To Have Children, Irina D. Tchania

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Although motherhood has long been a normative female experience, individual decisions regarding bearing and mothering children vary among women. Partly due to shifts in gender roles and contemporary societal expectations, the conflation of womanhood with motherhood – and the centrality of motherhood within female identity – is being increasingly challenged. Women who choose to remain childless make up a growing, unique, and understudied population group. Decisions regarding intentional childlessness have been considered through the lenses of sociology and feminist critique, while psychologically and psychoanalytically oriented scholarship is more limited. This study aimed to further our understanding of the voluntarily childless …

Stress Reactivity After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Relation With Behavioral Adjustment, Taiane De Azevedo Cardoso, Ritele H Silva, Jessica L Fernandes, Camila O Arent, Graziela Amboni, Laura A Borba, Alex Paulo Z Padilha, Maria Eduarda M Botelho, Amanda L Maciel, Tatiana Barichello, Rodrigo Morales, Silvio José B Soares, Margarete D Bagatini, Claudia Dallagnol, Marta Elisa Brighenti, Zuleide Maria Ignácio, João Quevedo, Luciane B Ceretta, Gislaine Z Réus

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have pointed out a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the presence of psychiatric disorders, the majority of the studies have significant limitations. This study investigates the influence of COVID-19 infection on mental health.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study included an age- and sex-matched sample of adult individuals positive (cases) or negative (controls) for COVID-19. We evaluated the presence of psychiatric conditions and C-reactive protein (CRP).

RESULTS: Findings showed greater severity of depressive symptoms, higher levels of stress, and greater CRP in cases. The severity of depressive and insomnia symptoms, as well as the CRP were more remarkable …

Effects Of Different Spectrum Of Leds On Retinal Degeneration Through Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Wenyi Chen, Rong Lin, Kunhong Xiao, Kun Yuan, Zhongjiang Chen, Yan Huang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of full-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on albino guinea pigs' retina and investigate the roles of short-wavelength opsin (S-opsin) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD).

METHODS: Three-week-old albino guinea pigs (n = 30) were distributed into five groups under 12/12 light/dark cycles with indoor natural light (NC; 300-500 lux, n = 6), full-spectrum LEDs (FL; 300 lux, n = 6; 3000 lux, n = 6), and commercial cold-white LEDs (CL; 300 lux, n = 6; 3000 lux, n = 6) and raised for 28 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron …

Effects Of Short-Term Nicotine Deprivation On Delay Discounting Among Young, Experienced, Exclusive Ends Users: An Initial Study, Irene Pericot-Valverde, Jin H Yoon, Kaileigh A Byrne, Moonseong Heo, Jiajing Niu, Alain H Litwin, Diann E Gaalema

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Delay discounting describes how rapidly delayed rewards lose value as a function of delay and serves as one measure of impulsive decision-making. Nicotine deprivation among combustible cigarette smokers can increase delay discounting. We aimed to explore changes in discounting following nicotine deprivation among electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) users. Thirty young adults (aged 18-24 years) that exclusively used ENDS participated in two laboratory sessions: one with vaping as usual and another after 16 hr of nicotine deprivation (biochemically assessed). At each session, participants completed a craving measure and three hypothetical delay discounting tasks presenting choices between small, immediate rewards and …

Adverse Childhood Experiences In Mothers And Their Children With Hearing Loss, Elizabeth A. Rosenzweig

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

This study examined the relationship between maternal and child ACEs in children with hearing loss ages 3-12. One hundred twenty-four mother-child dyads completed assessments of mother and child ACEs. Adverse cChildhood eExperiences (ACEs) were measured using the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (CYW ACE-Q; Burke Harris & Renschler, 2015).

Both maternal and child participants in this study reported higher levels of ACE exposure than previously reported in studies of the general population. Maternal and child ACEs were significantly correlated. White/Caucasian mothers experienced significantly fewer ACEs than mothers of other races/ethnicities. Children living in adoptive, foster, or guardianship …

Interview Of Pilots’ Inflight Loss Of Control Experiences, Neelakshi Majumdar, Karen Marais

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Inflight loss of control (LOC-I) continues to be a significant cause of General Aviation fixed-wing aircraft accidents. Nearly 20% of fixed-wing aircraft accidents in the last two decades involved LOC-I, and approximately 45% of LOC-I accidents are fatal. Previous studies suggest that the leading factors in aviation accidents are human factors-related. One approach to better understand the causes of LOC-I accidents is to analyze accidents using sources such as the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database. However, the NTSB General Aviation accident reports include limited detail on human factors, specifically pilot actions and conditions. We interviewed pilots about their LOC-I …

A Multi-Method Approach To Work Design For Crew In Future Remotely Piloted Aircraft Operations, Kayler Marshall, Penelope Sanderson, Andrew Neal

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Globally, most safety regulators only allow crew to operate one remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) at a time due to workload concerns. More sophisticated automation is anticipated to alleviate operator workload, allowing crew to simultaneously operate more than one RPA. However, how work should be distributed amongst crew is still unknown. We employ a complementary set of methods for work design in a future system of RPA operation: Cognitive Work Analysis, computational modelling, and human-in-the-loop experiments. In this paper we describe each method, outlining the unique insights gained and how these are applied in the evaluation of work in a future …

Exploring Informal Learning Structures In Airline Operations, Barth Baron Jr., Dorrit Billman, Randall J. Mumaw

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Airline pilot training is extensive, highly structured, and driven by aircraft and airspace system operating requirements, yet pilots describe a tradition of between-pilot knowledge transfer and self-directed learning. While industry and regulators focus on “formal learning” systems, pilots report relying on this “informal learning” to build operational expertise, suggesting gaps in how successfully formal learning prepares pilots to handle operational complexities. The community that researches learning has extensively studied informal learning, including in a workplace setting, and its characteristics align with how pilots report increasing their skills and knowledge informally. However, no research into informal learning practices among airline pilots …

Resilient Strategies In Commercial Aviation, Michael Stewart, Bryan Matthews

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

When we fly and nothing scary happens, is the system’s design affording this success? Not always — sometimes humans are the cause of success. This resilient performance is often overlooked. We explore two types of resilient performance strategies: countermeasures and modifications. countermeasures are behaviors triggered by variables anticipated to be challenging or problematic (i.e., pressures). To capture this, we look at examples of how a problem was avoided. For example, a country road may have a hairpin turn where accidents more frequently occur. With this pressure identified, we look at successful drivers for insights. Modifications are changes that are created …

Extracting Lessons Of Resilience Using Machine Mining Of The Asrs Database, Immanuel Barshi, Bryan Matthews, Jolene Feldman

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

NASA’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database is the world's largest repository of voluntary, confidential safety information provided by aviation's frontline personnel. The database contains close to 2 million narratives, many of which describe everyday situations in which people saved the day. In these situations, people’s resilient behavior solved a problem, dealt with a malfunction, and maintained a safe operation despite a serious perturbation. To be able to extract lessons of such resilience from this large database, the use of machine learning algorithms is being explored. In this report, we describe a comparison between two such algorithms: BERT and Word2Vec. …

The Viability Of See-And-Avoid For Urban Air Mobility Operations, Richard Mogford, Walter Johnson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an emerging aviation concept that could supplement today’s ground and air transportation systems. For UAM, it is generally assumed that the private sector will manage separation and not rely on the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration air traffic control system. To date, discussions of initial operations focus on using the visual abilities of the pilot to see-and-avoid (SAA) other aircraft. Decades of research on SAA has demonstrated that it is inadequate for reliable detection of aircraft that might pose a collision risk. The literature on multi-object tracking is also reviewed for findings on how well humans …

Nasa Human Factors Red Light/Green Light Analysis: Overview And Spacshiptwo Rl/Gl Case Study, Tracy Dillinger, Isabel Hernandez

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Historically, learning from accidents and incidents involves identifying errors of commission or omission and “things that go wrong” and how to reduce their recurrence. While well-intentioned, infrequent failures receive more attention than everyday successes. Human Factors analysis need not limit itself to learning from failures. Learning from “what goes right” involves identifying resilience factors associated with behaviors and processes that strengthen the system and reduce risk. This article provides an overview of how the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Human Factors Task Force (HFTF) constructed the NASAHFACS model and the Red Light/Green Light approach. Using SpaceShipTwo as a case …

Concept Of A Cognitive Agent Supporting Collaboration In Human Teams, Wolfgang Sachsenhauser, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

This contribution aims at the support of human teamwork between crew members of next generation combat aircraft by means of a distributed and adaptive assistant system. In future combined air operations several aircraft, manned and unmanned, operate together to achieve a common mission objective. That requires a high degree of coordination amongst the pilots, each of them being highly charged with e.g., managing unmanned vehicles from their cockpits. Our approach is to develop a distributed assistant system that observes each pilot in their cockpits. By use of a task model, it shall create and update a shared representation of the …

Concept Of An Automated Activity Determination In The Temporal Domain For Adaptive Pilot Assistance, Karl Tschurtschenthaler, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

In this contribution, we describe our initial conceptual thoughts on how to determine pilot activity in real-time within a multitasking environment. The presented concept extends our previous research on determining the pilot activity which analyses manual and gaze interactions by evidential reasoning. This approach resulted in a fragmented pattern of activities over time due to the high frequency of gaze shifts. Our concept suggests concatenating the activities and using the resulting sequence as a feature set for classification. We hypothesize that this representations of activities reflects the complex nature of concurrent and serial multitasking more appropriately. For probabilistic inference, we …

Analyses Of The Boeing 737max Accidents: Formal Models And Psychological Perspectives, Immanuel Barshi, Asaf Degani, Robert Mauro, Randal J. Mumaw

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2023

Two fatal accidents involving the B737MAX resulted from the flight crews’ inability to overcome the effects of the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). MCAS was designed to mimic the control column feel pressure and pitching behavior of the B737NG, which was the certification basis for the B737MAX. We briefly describe the potential role of formally modeling different perspectives during system design, and how such modeling can reveal gaps and conflicts between perspectives. We also discuss some of the relevant human factors issues involved in these accidents and how the aircraft’s behavior may have affected the pilots’ psychological states. Implications for …