Pharmacy Administration, Policy and Regulation Commons^™

Sources Of Patient Information For Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care In Northern Mississippi, Minh-Sang La

Honors Theses

Given the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States and the continuous rise of cases, especially within Mississippi, there is an increasing need to identify if, and how, patients with Type 2 Diabetes receive information about self-care. While there is data available on the topic of where patients receive their information and the influence it has on their health in other countries of the world, the research on the source of Type 2 Diabetes education in the United States is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to bridge the gap of understanding where patients with Type 2 Diabetes …

Firsthand Experience In A Community Pharmacy Through The Lens Of A Pharmacy Technician, Khamariah Patrice Yelder-Anderson

Honors Theses

In the first chapter, I discussed three of the major issues in a community pharmacy which are rude customers, phones, and shorter hours. Technicians have to deal with very opinionated customers who can come off as insolent. The phones are a popular mode of communication for both the patients and physicians but that doesn’t account for the added demands it places on pharmacy workers. Lastly, the pharmacy has experienced later openings with earlier closings that have left filled queues and unhappy customers. The next chapter, interpersonal dynamic, takes a deeper look into how various roles of the pharmacy engage with …

Financial Hardship From Purchasing Prescription Drugs Among Older Adults In The United States Before, During, And After The Medicare Part D “Donut Hole”: Findings From 1998, 2001, 2015, And 2021, Anthony W. Olson, Jon C. Schommer, David A. Mott, Olajide Adekunle, Lawrence M. Brown

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND: Cost-related nonadherence compromises successful and effective management of chronic disease. The Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) and Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) aimed to increase the affordability of outpatient prescription drugs for older adults (older than age 64 years). The Medicare Part D prescription drug insurance coverage gap (“donut hole”) created by the MMA was fully closed in 2020 by the ACA.

OBJECTIVES: To (1) describe prescription drug coverage and financial hardship from purchasing prescription drugs among older American adults for 2021, (2) compare these results with findings from data collected before the MMA …

Unveiling The Opioid Crisis: The Impact Of Opioids On Body Systems And Alternative Treatment Options To Reduce The Nationwide Opioid Epidemic, Krishna S. Patel, Elizabeth A. Manheim Ph.D.

Kean Quest

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Community Knowledge On Lead Contamination And Analysis Of Lead Level In Fish, Sita Nurwulan, Sophi Damayanti, Lia Amalia

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Poisoning is an event of human exposure to poisonous substances that are harmful to the body at certain doses. Lead is a heavy metal that can cause toxicity, including neurotoxic effects, hypertension, digestive system disorders, bone and tooth growth disorders, immune system disorders, infertility, and fetal disorders. Fish is a source of nutrients that are often consumed by people, however can also accumulate lead. This study aimed to analyze the lead level in fish and identify the community knowledge level regarding lead contamination in fish. Identification of community knowledge levels regarding lead. Identification of community knowledge levels regarding lead contamination …

Pharmacists Provision Of Non-Dispensing Services In Health Professional Shortage Areas, Haley L. Kessinger, Emily R. Landis

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Background: Individuals living in primary care health professional shortage areas (PCHPSAs) experience health inequities. Community pharmacists are healthcare professionals with an opportunity to provide care to underserved populations. The objective of this study was to compare non-dispensing services provided by Ohio community pharmacists in PCHPSAs and non-PCHSPAs.

Methods: An electronic, IRB-approved 19-item survey was sent to all community pharmacists practicing in full PCHPSA counties and a random sample practicing in non-PCHPSA counties in Ohio (n=324). Questions assessed current provision of non-dispensing services as well as interest and barriers regarding such services.

Results: Seventy-three usable responses were received (23% response rate). …

Student Self-Developed Wellness Goals Before And During Covid, Han Pham, Dalen Foster

ONU Student Research Colloquium

Background: This study aims to investigate the change over time in student developed well-being related goals based on the definition of “The 8 dimensions of wellness”. It is expected that the changes experienced by students during the COVID 19 pandemic will impact the type of wellness goals students develop for themselves.

Method: All pharmacy students at ONU are required to complete an annual goal setting assignment as part of their co-curricular requirement each academic year. Personal goals were extracted from submissions from 2019 to 2021. The goals were classified into 8 categories (emotional, financial, intellectual, occupational, physical, social, spiritual, and …

Incorporation Of National Safety Standards For Oral Chemotherapy Patient Education At An Ambulatory Cancer Center: A Quality Improvement Project, Danielle Giles

Epsilon Sigma at-Large Research Conference

Abstract

Purpose: An evaluation of the oral chemotherapy patient education process at one ambulatory cancer center identified a deficit in documentation in the electronic medical record (EMR) of many recommendations from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) chemotherapy administration and safety standards. Aims: The aim of this quality improvement project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of two newly developed templates into the EMR at one ambulatory cancer center. Process: The project will evaluate effectiveness by comparing the frequency in documentation of 16 key elements pre and post implementation …

Phad 795: Special Topics: Principles Of Statistical Mediation And Moderation, John P. Bentley Ph.D.

GMAS Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Interrogating Race And Place-Based Inequities In Hiv And Covid-19, Rohan Khazanchi

EMET Projects

Over the last four years, I have developed a research focus examining the intersections of race, place, and health. My M.D. Honors Thesis reflects a snapshot of these efforts. In this collection of brief research reports, I leverage area-based measures to investigate structural inequities in three contexts: the HIV epidemic in our hyperlocal community, the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and clinical trials for novel COVID-19 therapeutics. I apply novel social epidemiologic tools to measure and explore disparate outcomes. And, in reflecting upon my findings, I discuss concrete implications for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers alike.

Chapter 1: Neighborhood-Level Deprivation …

Protocol: A Scoping Review Of Graduate Student Education, Curriculum Impact, And Interest In Interdisciplinary Research Training, David D. Allen Iii

Faculty and Student Publications

Title: PROTOCOL: A Scoping Review of Graduate Student Education, Curriculum Impact, and Interest in Interdisciplinary Research Training

Background: Alongside traditional graduate education practices, implementing curriculum focused on providing interdisciplinary research training to graduate students may help support their academic development. This additional educational focus can bolster graduate student understanding of methodological practices, develop alternative routes of thinking or approaching a problem/ issue/ topic, may assist in developing student professional socialization skills, and may positively impact student internal motivations, beliefs, and perceptions.

Methods: Our scoping review protocol was developed a priori utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance, by …

Analysis Of Step Therapy Reform On Floridians With Autoimmune Conditions, John M. Kirkley Iii, Eren Tatari

Florida Public Health Review

Background: Step therapy is a cost-saving measure employed by insurance companies to reduce rising drug costs; however, studies have indicated this policy has neutral or – in some cases – negative effects on patients. Specifically for indivdiuals with autoimmune diseases, the delay of proper treatment, increased risk of negative, irreversible side effects, and an underdeveloped preferred drug lists harm autoimmune patients because of the disconnect between the heterogeneity of autoimmune disease and the one-size-fits-all approach of step therapy. Objective: To determine the most effective policy for dealing with the harms of step therapy as they currently affect Floridians. Methods: Five …

At War With A Silent Killer: An Ipa Study Of The Lived Experiences Of Community Pharmacists In Ireland During Covid-19, Regina Brady, Niamh Imbusch

Articles

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to give voice to the unique lived experiences of community pharmacists who continued to work in patient-facing roles throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Research objectives sought to understand how they felt about working during this time including any risks felt, why they choose to continue working, and what the post-COVID future might hold for them and their profession. Method: The study was guided by the principles of traditional interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Primary research was collated using semi-structured interviews of a small, purposively selected homogenous group of pharmacists. The research context was a …

Immune-Related Adverse Events Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Incidence, Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes, And Economic Burden In Older Adults With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Yiran Rong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

To fill the gap in existing literature related to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), this dissertation focused on: 1) assessing the incidence, spectrum and risk factors for the development of irAEs; 2) assessing the clinical impact of irAE occurrence on survival and treatment discontinuation; 3) analyzing and estimating the incremental economic burden of irAEs among an older population in the United States (US). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the SEER-Medicare 2020 linkage database in order to evaluate the three study objectives. The dissertation included 8,175 patients diagnosed …

Analysis Of Potential Facilitators To Use Of Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) In A Young Transgender Population, Noah Dixon

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP) is heavily under-utilized in transgender youth, a population which experiences high risk factors for contracting HIV and exhibits unique barriers to care. This retrospective study used a secondary data analysis of survey results from transgender youth between 16-and 24-years-old to analyze various exposures for association with PrEP use. It was hypothesized that medical gender affirming therapy, mental health care treatment, and HIV programming would be independently associated with increased use of PrEP in transgender youth. It was found that only HIV prevention services and programming related to HIV or gender identity were associated with …

Trajectories Of Medication Non-Adherence With Time-Varying Predictors And Association With Health Outcomes: A Comparison Of Classical Statistical Methods With Machine Learning Algorithms, Vasco Pontinha

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Medication adherence is a major obstacle to improving health care outcomes in long-term therapies for chronic diseases. According to the World Health Organization, interventions for improving medication adherence can have a higher impact on the health of the population than any other advance in medical treatments. Approximately 125,000 individuals die every year in the U.S. because of non-adherence to medication, representing societal costs of $100-289 billion. Previous research has successfully used group-based trajectories methods to identify similar longitudinal medication adherence trajectories. However, medication adherence is not an isolated behavior and is influenced by many factors that current interventions fail …

Incidence Of Cancer, Depression, And Economic Burden Of Prescription Nsaids Among Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: Statistical And Machine Learning Approaches, Nazneen Fatima Mohammed Umer Shaikh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Understanding the role of chronic inflammation among older adults is critical because of its implications on chronic inflammatory conditions as well as its interaction with anti-inflammatory medications. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous multi-faceted joint disease with multi-tissue involvement of varying severity, and increasing evidence demonstrates a key role of chronic inflammation in its pathogenesis. Approximately 30 million adults in the United States have OA, and it is reported that a large proportion (43%) of them are older than 65 years. OA is typically treated using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for minimizing pain and reducing inflammation. NSAIDs have consistently shown clinically …

Pharmacists' Role In Opioid Use Disorder And Overdose Prevention And Treatment And Their Attitudes And Perceptions Towards Distributing Naloxone Under A Standing Order, Stephen C. Ijioma

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Opioids are a class of drugs that bind to opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa), located in the central and peripheral nervous systems, to exert responses such as analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, and miosis. The opioid epidemic is characterized in large part by an increase in opioid overdose deaths. Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare professionals who frequently interact with patients and can implement OUD and opioid overdose prevention strategies. Treatment for opioid overdose and OUD include naloxone for overdose deaths as well as medication-assisted treatment for OUD.

Objective: The specific aims of this thesis include …

Evaluating The 0–10 Point Pain Scale On Adolescent Opioid Use In Us Emergency Departments, Michael T. Phan, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Cody Arbuckle, Sun Yang, Brooke Jenkins, Michelle A. Fortier, Theodore Heyming, Erik Linstead, Candice Donaldson, Zeev N. Kain

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: To evaluate trends in national emergency department (ED) adolescent opioid use in relation to reported pain scores. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis on National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) data was conducted on ED visits involving patients aged 11–21 from 2008–2017. Crude observational counts were extrapolated to weighted estimates matching total population counts. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the role of a pain score in the reported use of opioids. Anchors for pain scores were 0 (no pain) and 10 (worst pain imaginable). Results: 31,355 observations were captured, which were extrapolated by the NHAMCS to represent 162,515,943 …

“Holistic Risk-Based Site Surveillance – A Data-Based Approach To Site Quality Risk Identification And Assessment In The Pharmaceutical Industry”, Matteo Bernasconi, Thomas Friedli, Nuala Calnan (Editor)

Level 3

Effective quality risk management is fundamental in guaranteeing the development and manufacture of high-quality drugs, reducing drug shortages, and avoiding harm to patients’ health. The ability to accurately assess the actual risk environment, predict potential product quality or supply disruption issues and act to eliminate, prevent, reduce or mitigate them is key to improvements in quality management maturity. This paper illustrates a just-launched research project aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for how to assess and predict risks by leveraging a range of diverse factors.