Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Addressing A Need: Applying Classroom Knowledge And Skills In A National Pharmacy Chain, Evan Schmidt, Phu Vo

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Evan Schmidt and Phu Vo, third-year PharmD students in the Purdue College of Pharmacy describe their experiences at Walgreens Pharmacy in Lafayette, Indiana, as part of taking the Safety and Service-Learning elective at Purdue. The students discuss the potential impact they can have by utilizing their knowledge to address a need in a national pharmacy chain, as well as what they took away from the experience.

Patient Care: The Forefront Of Pharmacy Practice, Dakota L. Richart

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

For the past three years, Richart has been a member of APhA–ASP and has actively participated in numerous events. She planned, organized, and executed health fairs, educational presentations, and other direct patient care experiences alongside other members. An interaction as simple as a five-minute discussion with a patient about their blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, and lifestyle modifications can help save their life. Each patient interaction has impacted her by strengthening her communication skills, developing her professionalism, and providing confidence as she applies her knowledge with patients. Whether APhA–ASP’s events focus on a small audience at a local health fair or …

Difatty Acyl-Conjugated Linear And Cyclic Peptides For Sirna Delivery, Hung Do, Meenakshi Sharma, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Parvin Mahdipoor, Emira Bousoik, Keykavous Parang, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A number of amphiphilic difatty acyl linear and cyclic R5K2 peptide conjugates were synthesized by solid-phase peptide methods to enhance the interaction with the hydrophobic cellular phospholipid bilayer and to improve siRNA delivery and silencing. Binding to siRNA molecules was significantly less for the cyclic peptide conjugates. A gradual decrease was observed in the particle size of the complexes with increasing peptide/siRNA ratio for most of the synthesized peptides, suggesting the complex formation. Most of the complexes showed a particle size of less than 200 nm, which is considered an appropriate size for in vitro siRNA delivery. A number of …

Managing The Cost Of Diabetes, Laressa Bethishou

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"This is of concern to health care providers because inadequate management of diabetes results in short- and long-term complications. Patients with diabetes and no health insurance have fewer physician visits and are prescribed fewer medications for management of their diabetes. Patients with diabetes make up 11.9% of all emergency department visits in the United States.Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks are at greater risk for developing diabetes and serious associated health complications, including chronic kidney disease. This may be attributed to a combination of genetics, diet, and exercise. However, access to health care resources may also play an important role."

New Therapies For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Jelena Lewis

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem in the United States. According to a recent CDC report, as of 2015, 30.3 million Americans (9.4% of the US population) have diabetes. Of these, 90% to 95% are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This number will likely continue to grow, because an estimated 84.1 million Americans have pre-diabetes, putting them at increased risk of T2D development. The manufacturers of the novel combination therapies that enter the market each year hope to simplify medication regimens for patients with T2D and to improve their adherence. Select combination products that were approved in the …

Role Of Microglial Amylin Receptors In Mediating Beta Amyloid (Aβ)-Induced Inflammation, Wen Fu, Vlatka Vukojevic, Aarti Patel, Rania Soudy, David Mactavish, David Westaway, Kamaljit Kaur, Valeri Goncharuk, Jack Jhamandas

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Neuroinflammation in the brain consequent to activation of microglia is viewed as an important component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is known to activate microglia and unleash an inflammatory cascade that eventually results in neuronal dysfunction and death. In this study, we sought to identify the presence of amylin receptors on human fetal and murine microglia and determine whether Aβ activation of the inflammasome complex and subsequent release of cytokines is mediated through these receptors.

Methods: The presence of dimeric components of the amylin receptor (calcitonin receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 3) …

Development And Validation Of Triticum Phytobiological Method As An Alternative Procedure For Investigating In Vivo Acute Toxicity On Mice, Emil Ştefănescu, Aurelia N. Cristea, Cornel Chiriță, Octavian Olaru, Adriana Anghel, Mihaela Dinu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The goal of this study was to validate an alternative method for determining in vivo acute toxicity using vegetal material instead of laboratory animals, starting from the phytobiological method known also as the Triticum technique. We set out to demonstrate that vegetal cells have similar sensitivity to some toxic agents as animal cells, in which case a statistical correlation could be established. A series of new compounds synthesized by the Romanian National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development as potential β3 adrenergic receptors agonists were tested for their acute toxicity using classic animal exposure models, before investigating possible anti-diabetic …

Analysis Of Ptprk Polymorphisms In Association With Risk And Age At Onset Of Alzheimer's Disease, Cancer Risk, And Cholesterol, Yang Chen, Chun Xu, Sam Harirforoosh, Xingguang Luo, Ke-Sheng Wang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa (PTPRK) gene is highly expressed in human brain and was previously associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer. This study investigated the association of 52 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PTPRK with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 791 AD patients and 782 controls. Our data analysis showed that five SNPs (top SNP rs4895829 with p = 0.0125) were associated with the risk of AD based on a multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05); while six SNPs (top SNP rs1891150 with p = 8.02 × 10−6) were associated with AAO by using a multiple linear regression analysis. Interestingly, rs2326681 was associated with both the risk and AAO of AD (p = 4.65 × 10−2 and 5.18 × 10−3, respectively). In a replication study, the results from family-based association test - generalized estimating equation (GEE) statistics and Wilcoxon test showed that seven SNPs were associated with the risk of AD (top SNP rs11756545 with p = 1.02 × 10−2) and 12 SNPs were associated with the AAO (top SNP rs11966128 with p = 1.39 × 10−4), respectively. One additional sample showed that four SNPs were associated with risk of cancer (top SNP rs1339197 with p = 4.1 × 10−3), 12 SNPs associated with LDL-cholesterol (top SNP rs4544930 with p = 3.47 × 10−3), and eight SNPs associated with total cholesterol (top SNP rs1012049 with p = 6.09 × 10−3). In addition, the AD associated rs4895829 was associated with the gene expression level in the cerebellum (p = 7.3 × 10−5). The present study is the first study providing evidence of several genetic variants within the PTPRK gene associated with the risk and AAO of AD, risk of cancer, LDL and total cholesterol levels.

Trkb-Enhancer Facilitates Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury, John Marshall, Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska, Mengia S. Rioult-Pedotti, Kara Lau, Andrea T. Chin, Siva K. Reddy Kotla, Rakesh Tiwari, Keykavous Parang, Steven W. Threlkeld, Adam Chodobski

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key player in regulating synaptic strength and learning, is dysregulated following traumatic brain injury (TBI), suggesting that stimulation of BDNF signaling pathways may facilitate functional recovery. This study investigates whether CN2097, a peptidomimetic ligand which targets the synaptic scaffold protein, postsynaptic density protein 95, to enhance downstream signaling of tropomyosin-related kinase B, a receptor for BDNF, can improve neurological function after TBI. Moderate to severe TBI elicits neuroinflammation and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which is associated with memory deficits. Here we demonstrate that CN2097 significantly reduces the post-traumatic synthesis of proinflammatory mediators and inhibits the …

Relationship Between Self-Efficacy And Patient Knowledge On Adherence To Oral Contraceptives Using The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (Mmas-8), Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Benjamin D. Aronson, Margarette L. Kading, Donald E. Morisky

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Background
Preconception care, including family planning, is a vital component of healthcare for women of reproductive age. An average female spends the majority of her reproductive life trying to prevent a pregnancy. In order to prevent unintended pregnancy, women often rely on the use of hormonal contraceptives. In the United States, the majority of hormonal contraceptive users are prescribed oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Reduced adherence to OCPs decreases their ability to prevent pregnancy. The study aimed to measure OCP adherence among female college students, and explore the relationship between OCP adherence, knowledge, and self-efficacy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited a …

Back-To-School Immunizations, Jelena Lewis, Jeff Goad

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Further, in 2012, more than 41,000 pertussis cases and 18 deaths due to pertussis were reported to the CDC, also the largest number of cases in the United States since 1959.2 Most vaccine-preventable diseases are contagious and can be serious in children and adults with whom they have contact. Therefore, it is important that school-aged children are up-to-date on all annual immunizations prior to each school year."

Management Of Acne Vulgaris, Jelena Lewis

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"About 50 million people in the Unites States have acne vulgaris (AV) (figure1), a common inflammatory skin disease that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Although it can occur in any age group, AV affects about 85% of teenagers. The prevalence of acne in adult women is about 12%. Although acne is not associated with mortality, it does pose a physical and psychological burden to the patient, which may result in depression, negative body image, stress, and anxiety. The direct cost of the disease is estimated to exceed $3 billion per year. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians are familiar …

De Novo Triiodothyronine Formation From Thyrocytes Activated By Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Cintia E. Citterio, Balaji Veluswamy, Sarah J. Morgan, Valerie A. Galton, J. Paul Banga, Stephen Atkins, Yoshiaki Morishita, Susanne Neumann, Rauf Latif, Marvin C. Gershengorn, Terry J. Smith, Peter Arvan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The thyroid gland secretes primarily tetraiodothyronine (T₄), and some triiodothyronine (T₃). Under normal physiological circumstances, only one-fifth of circulating T₃ is directly released by the thyroid, but in states of hyperactivation of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TSHRs), patients develop a syndrome of relative T₃ toxicosis. Thyroidal T₄ production results from iodination of thyroglobulin (TG) at residues Tyr⁵ and Tyr¹³⁰, whereas thyroidal T₃ production may originate in several different ways. In this study, the data demonstrate that within the carboxyl-terminal portion of mouse TG, T₃ is formed …

Tumor-Targeted Delivery Of Sirna Using Fatty Acyl-Cgkrk Peptide Conjugates, Meenakshi Sharma, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Hung Do, Keykavous Parang, Rakesh Tiwari, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Tumor-targeted carriers provide efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor tissue. CGKRK is one of the well-known tumor targeting peptides with significant specificity for angiogenic blood vessels and tumor cells. Here, we designed fatty acyl conjugated CGKRK peptides, based on the hypothesis that hydrophobically-modified CGKRK peptide could enhance cellular permeation and delivery of siRNA targeted to tumor cells for effective silencing of selected proteins. We synthesized six fatty acyl-peptide conjugates, using a diverse chain of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to study the efficiency of this approach. At peptide:siRNA weight/weight ratio of 10:1 (N/P ≈ 13.6), almost all the peptides …

Exploring The Potential For Using Drug Indications To Prevent Look-Alike And Sound-Alike Drug Errors, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio, Saad Alqahtani, Gordon Schiff

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Look-alike, sound-alike (LASA) drug names are a cause of medication errors with resulting patient harm and healthcare costs. This study assessed to which extent the use of the generic drug name, therapeutic class, health problem, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications might be used to differentiate LASA drug pairs.

Research design and methods: We collected information about LASA drug pairs reported by the FDA to have look-alike sound-alike similarities. To assess potential for differentiating LASA drug pairs, we compared the following drug characteristics: generic name, therapeutic class, health problem, and FDA-approved indication.

Results: …

Design And Implementation Of An Elective Career Planning Course For Pharmacy Students, Jennifer K. Grundey, Kelly Shields

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Objective: The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards 2016 encourage student pharmacists to examine and reflect on attributes necessary for professional and personal growth. Data from an AACP survey of recent graduates also indicated perceived deficiencies in career planning. Therefore, an elective course was created for 5^th year students (0-6 program) to encourage self-assessment and preparation for post-graduate employment and personal development. The objective of this poster is to describe important elements of this course to aid faculty at other intuitions.

Method: The course was designed after review of publications regarding career advancement and life-skills. Additionally, business …

Challenges And Solutions In Library And Information Sciences: Formulating A Pharmacy Collection Without A Prescription, Kristin Laughtin-Dunker

Library Presentations, Posters, and Audiovisual Materials

Librarians, pharmacists, and scientists encounter diverse challenges relating to knowledge management, the creation, organization, and retrieval of information. This session will highlight current challenges faced in this area by colleagues from across the Academy. Participants will have the opportunity to engage in two roundtable discussions. By the end of the session, participants will be able to describe current challenges faced in Library and Information Science, and bring solutions back to their academic program.

These slides include the "Formulating a Pharmacy Collection Without a Prescription" portion of the panel, which discussed the collection development process for a group of non-health science …

Efficient Synthesis Of Cn2097 Using In Situ Activation Of Sulfhydryl Group, Shaban Darwish, Keykavous Parang, John Marshall, Dennis J. Goebel, Rakesh Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

CN2097 (R₇Cs-sCYK[KTE(β-Ala)]V) is a rationally designed peptidomimetic that shows effectiveness in preclinical models for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as Angelman syndrome, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and stroke. Because of its potential therapeutic activity for the treatment of human CNS disorders, there was an urgent need to develop an efficient strategy for large-scale synthesis of CN2097. The synthesis of CN2097 was accomplished using Fmoc/tBu solid phase chemistry in multiple steps. Two different peptide fragments (activated polyarginine peptide Npys-sCR₇ and CYK[KTE(β-Ala)]V) were synthesized, followed by solution phase coupling in water. Activation of the polyarginine (CR₇) …

Authority And Scope Of Vaccination: How States Differ, Sharon Xavioer, Jeff Goad

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

"Despite all this, vaccine rates still fall short of desirable goals, such as those outlined in the Healthy People 2020 national initiative.⁷ Although the CDC and APhA promote the “immunization neighborhood” concept, meaning all appropriate professions should coordinate, communicate, and collaborate to increase immunization rates, challenges are still evident for pharmacies.⁸ One major factor is the variability in state laws and regulations that govern vaccine administration by pharmacists.⁵ Significant regulation differences limit which vaccines are permitted, which age groups of patients can be immunized, and which practice model pharmacists may operate under.⁹"

Compartmentalized Camp Responses To Prostaglandin Ep2 Receptor Activation In Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells, Shailesh R. Agarwal, Kathryn Miyashiro, Htun Latt, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Robert D. Harvey

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background and Purpose

Previous studies indicate that prostaglandin EP2 receptors (EP2Rs) selectively couple to adenylyl cyclase type 2 (AC2) in non-lipid raft domains of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, where they regulate specific cAMP-dependent responses. The goal of the present study was to identify the cellular microdomains where EP2Rs stimulate cAMP production.

Experimental Approach

FRET-based cAMP biosensors were targeted to different subcellular locations of primary human ASM cells. The Epac2-camps biosensor, which expresses throughout the cell, was used to measure bulk cytoplasmic responses. Epac2-MyrPalm and Epac2-CAAX were used to measure responses associated with lipid raft and non-raft regions of the …