Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Association Between Adherence To Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent And Hba1c Level, Indana Ayu Soraya, Rani Sauriasari, Pukovisa Prawiroharjo, Hindun Wilda Risni

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Adherence to taking medication is essential for patients with chronic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). There have been many studies about the association between medication adherence and HbA1c levels, but few have used Adherence Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) method to measure adherence in Indonesian population. The aim of this study were to assess the association of medication adherence to HbA1c levels and compare two methods of adherence measurements. This research was conducted at Pasar Minggu Public Health Center, Jakarta using a cross-sectional design. The adherence assessment was conducted using …

Qualitative Evaluation Of Antibiotics Use With Gyssens Method In Sepsis Patients At Fatmawati Central General Hospital Jakarta, Mas Masyrifah, Retnosari Andrajati, Linda Triana Yudhorini

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Sepsis still becomes a major health problem worldwide, with a fairly high mortality rate ranging from 20 to 50%. Antibiotic therapy with rational use can reduce the mortality rate. In contrast, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy will increase the occurrence of resistance, which impacts the increase of morbidity, mortality, and health costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality in the use of antibiotics using the Gyssens method in patients with sepsis. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional method conducted at Fatmawati Central General Hospital Jakarta from January to December 2020. The research …

Discovery Of Sars-Cov-2 Rna-Dependent-Rna-Polymerase (Rdrp) Inhibitor From Sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata) Based On Molecular Docking And Admet Prediction Approach, Dina Ahsana, Rizki Rahmadi Pratama, Alfisyahriatunnida Meily, Andika Andika

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the development of therapeutic inhibitor drug of SARS-CoV-2, which can inhibit the viral enzyme RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase (RdRp), thereby preventing the replication, transcription, and synthesis of RNA virus in the host cells. Previous in-vitro studies revealed that Andrographis paniculata has the potential to inhibit the virus. Therefore, this study aims to isolate the specific compounds of Andrographis paniculata, which play a role in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp using molecular docking. A total of 19 compounds were identified in previous literature studies, while remdesivir and favipiravir were used as the positive …

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Of Congenital Hypothyroidism-Causative Genes Reveals Unexpected Thyroglobulin Gene Variants In Patients With Iodide Transport Defect, Carlos Eduardo Bernal Barquero, Romina Celeste Geysels, Virginie Jacques, Gerardo Hérnan Carro, Mariano Martín, Victoria Peyret, María Celeste Abregú, Patricia Papendieck, Ana María Masini-Repiso, Frédérique Savagner, Ana Elena Chiesa, Cintia E. Citterio, Juan Pablo Nicola

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Congenital iodide transport defect is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-coding SLC5A5 gene and leading to dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism. Here, we conducted a targeted next-generation sequencing assessment of congenital hypothyroidism-causative genes in a cohort of nine unrelated pediatric patients suspected of having a congenital iodide transport defect based on the absence of 99mTc-pertechnetate accumulation in a eutopic thyroid gland. Although, unexpectedly, we could not detect pathogenic SLC5A5 gene variants, we identified two novel compound heterozygous TG gene variants (p.Q29* and c.177-2A>C), three novel heterozygous TG gene variants (p.F1542Vfs*20, p.Y2563C, and …

Evaluation Of Medication Optimization In The Setting Of Ecmo Therapy: Assessment Of Therapeutic Effectiveness, Greg Peitz

Theses & Dissertations

A series of studies within the setting of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was undertaken to specifically answer questions related to medication optimization during this complex therapy. These studies included medication therapies involving optimal anticoagulation, analgesia delivery, fluid resuscitation, and infection related outcomes in the context of ECMO. Each investigation was retrospective in nature and included patients from a single institution. The results of these studies indicated the following: 1.) various anticoagulation goals do not impact severe, life-threatening bleeding events during ECMO therapy; 2.) sepsis is a common occurrence in the setting of ECMO; 3.) the choice of either a crystalloid …

Applications Of Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling In People Living With Hiv, Michelle M. Pham

Theses & Dissertations

Population pharmacokinetic modeling has become an important tool for the individualization of medicine in HIV care and clinical pharmacology in general. This dissertation explores many applications of population pharmacokinetic modeling to help identify drug exposure, drug-drug interactions, and sources of variability in populations living with HIV. Comprehensive HIV care involves simultaneous treatment of the disease and any co-infection and/or co-conditions.

The first objective was to identify potential drug-drug interactions affecting combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) consisting of efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, from concomitant use of chemotherapy agents. Three models were developed with sparse sampling to characterize efavirenz, emtricitabine, and …

Nanotherapeutics And Hiv: Four Decades Of Infection Canvass The Quest For Drug Development Using Nanomedical Technologies, Bhupender S. Chhikara, Nirpendra Singh, Poonam, Parveen Bazard, Rajender S. Varma, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

We have seen four decades of human struggle to cure or eradicate HIV infection since the first clinical detection of HIV infection. Various developed drugs such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, microbicides, and others have known restrictions, such as side effects and resistance development when used alone, and hidden reservoir of the virus, which have opened the gates for the involvement of nanomedicine associated systems, particularly for latent sites of HIV infection. The nanotechnological vehicles, such as liposomes, dendrimers, metal nanoparticles, polymeric nanocapsules/particles, surfactants, and targeted vehicles have become part …

Approvals And Prices Of Systemic Antibiotics In Saudi Arabia And The United States, Saad Alharthi

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Introduction

Antibiotics is one of the therapeutic classes with the highest level of consumption in the world. Despite the global diffusion of antibiotics, their availability and prices vary by country. This study assessed differences in the availability and prices of systemic antibiotics marketed in the United States (US) and Saudi Arabia and evaluated the factors associated with the differences in prices of systemic antibiotics marketed in both countries.

Material and Methods

We collected regulatory data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), the National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC) and the …

Effects Of Nnos Inhibitors On Melanoma-Induced Immunosuppression, Kate Alison Lozada

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) rises despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Studies have shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a pro-tumorigenic cytokine in CM, induces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), leading to the escape of melanoma cells from immunosurveillance. Our previous study suggests that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) signaling is crucial for melanoma progression and forms a mechanistic rationale behind nNOS inhibition as a novel treatment strategy for CM. An additional study demonstrated that IFN-γ interacts with nNOS signaling in melanoma and novel nNOS inhibitors (nNOSi) effectively diminished the induction of PD-L1 post …

Cyclic And Linear Cell-Penetarating Peptides Composed Of Tryptophan (Ww) And Arginine (Rr) Residues As Molecular Transporters, Lois Kim

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

The cell membrane has polar and negative charged characteristics and separates the inside of cells from the outside environment, and only allows small molecules to go into the cell to protect them from toxic substances. However, cell membrane characteristics make it difficult for polar and negatively-charged molecules to interact and penetrate the membrane. The delivery of cell impermeable compounds, such as phosphopeptides and siRNA, across the cell membrane remains a challenge. Previous studies in Dr. Parang’s laboratory have shown that cyclic peptides composed of tryptophan (W) and arginine (R) amino acids [WR]₅ have higher cellular uptake than the corresponding …

Identifying A Glucocorticoid-Activated Gpcr That Rapidly And Non-Genomically Increases Camp Levels In Mammalian Cells, Francisco Nunez

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that regulate diverse physiological processes. Synthetic versions of GCs are commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma by modulating gene expression to suppressing several inflammatory activities. However, it is estimated that 5-10% of asthmatics are unresponsive to GCs, which may be explained by receptor desensitization and/or the presence of a neutrophilic endotype. One understudied phenomenon of GCs is their ability to induce rapid, non-genomic actions. For example, GCs can acutely modulate calcium concentrations levels, induce smooth muscle relaxation and modulate nitric oxide synthase activity, within minutes and sometimes seconds, which is too rapid …

Gaps In Patient Education On Safe Handling And Disposal Of Oral Chemotherapy Drugs: A Pilot Prospective Cohort Survey Study, Sun Yang, Priya Patel, Alexandra Corcoran, Eric Dobberpuhl, Samantha Isidro, Dustin Le, Analise Klassen, Jay Rho, David Tran, Richard Beuttler, Neda Noori Nassr, Katherine Gruenberg, Siu-Fun Wong

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Oral anticancer chemotherapy (OC) has been misperceived as being safer than intravenous chemotherapy, leading to its increased risk of improper handling and disposal. This survey study assessed the knowledge, practices and attitudes of pharmacists and patients regarding OC handling and disposal, gaps in knowledge and barriers to patient education. Methods

Surveys were developed based on literature review and pilot study validation results. Patients completed a 33-item paper or electronic survey whereas pharmacists completed a 38-item electronic survey. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test computed using the R Project were used for analyses. Results

Pharmacist group (16/25, 62.5%) and patient …

Preclinical Development Of Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent Ac1lpszg: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, And In Vivo Pharmacokinetics, Ritu Gupta

Dissertations (2016-Present)

Preclinical development of novel chemotherapeutic agent AC1LPSZG, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, involved development of sensitive reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and LC-MS/MS methods for quantification of AC1LPSZG in in vitro study samples and rat plasma, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in SD rats after intravenous injection of cosolvent formulations. The resulting pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed using non-compartmental analysis (NCA) and two-compartmental modeling. Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is most used biodegradable synthetic polymer for nano drug delivery due to its non-toxic and biodegradable nature, and tunable release properties. PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by ‘nanoprecipitation’ technique using …

Treatment Of Tardive Dyskinesia With High Dose Vitamin B6 Associated With Depression, Marjorie Mccoy, Adam Schindzielorz, Suzanne Holroyd

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder associated with dopamine receptor blocking medications. Recommended treatments for TD include discontinuing the causative agent, adding vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, or adding vitamin B6. We present a 66-year-old Caucasian male with bipolar I disorder who developed TD while on lithium and quetiapine having been euthymic on this regimen for three years. He was initially treated with 1200 mg B6 daily. This failed to improve his TD and was associated with a depressive episode. He switched to valbenazine 40 mg daily which improved his TD and concurrently his mood, but months later …

Genetic Diversity Of Cladosporium Species Isolated From Air Of Cairo, Egypt Using Microsatellite Primed Pcr (Mp-Pcr) And Universally Primed Pcr (Up-Pcr) Techniques, Mohammed Salah Abdulrahman, Hamido M. Hefny, Moselhy S. Mansy, Amal A. I. Mekawey

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

The samples were then identified by macroscopic and microscopical methods, Molecular fingerprinting, of Cladosporium strains populations depending on MP-PCR using Primers (AGG) 5 , (CAG) 5 , (GACA) 4 , and (AG) 8 C. In addition, we have applied the UP-PCR technique using L21 and Fok1 Genotyping patterns extracted by MP-PCR showed good discrimination with amplification of (AGG) 5 , (AG) 8 C and (CAG) 5 over (GACA) 4. In addition, L21 primer revealed variability over FOK1 primer. current work indicate that MP-PCR and UP-PCR fingerprinting method are appropriate for characterization of large groups of Cladosporium due to its simplicity

Behavioral Intention Factors For Prescription Deliveries By Small Unmanned Aircraft In Rural Communities, Sarah M. Talley

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Nearly half of the U.S. population regularly use and depend on prescription medications; however, pharmacy availability and access to pharmacy services are often lacking, particularly in rural communities. In an effort to meet local healthcare needs, delivery by sUAS is proposed to ensure the nearly 60 million rural residents have access to their prescription medications.

As an emerging technology with little research into home delivery applications, the successful implementation of sUAS for prescription medication delivery requires public acceptance and positive behavioral intention toward its use. At the time of the current research, no prior studies have specifically focused on the …

Jatropha Tanjorensis A Flora Of Southeast Nigeria: Isolation And Characterization Of Naringenin And Validation Of Bio-Enhanced Synergistical Activity Of Α- Tocopherol Toward Clinical Isolates Of Resistant Bacterial, Ikechukwu Kingsley Ijoma, Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Ajiwe

Makara Journal of Science

Jatropha tanjorensis is among the rich floras of Southeast Nigeria and used by ethnic people to treat infections and manage health conditions. Ethnomedicine has long been employed in the treatment of ailments caused by bacterial pathogens. Studies showed that the incorporation of synthetic α-tocopherol to an antibacterial agent improves its activity. However, knowledge about the antibacterial-enhanced activity of plant-based α-tocopherols, especially those isolated from Jatropha tanjorensis, is limited because of the different bioactivities of synthetic and natural α-tocopherols. To determine the phytochemicals in J. tanjorensis, we carried out the structural elucidation of its leaf extracts. Naringenin and α-tocopherol …

Channelopathy Of Small- And Intermediate-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels, Young-Woo Nam, Miles Downey, Mohammad Asikur Rahman, Meng Cui, Miao Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Small- and intermediate-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (K_Ca2.x/K_Ca3.1 also called SK/IK) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca²⁺. The Ca²⁺ binding protein calmodulin confers sub-micromolar Ca²⁺ sensitivity to the channel-calmodulin complex. The calmodulin C-lobe is constitutively associated with the proximal C-terminus of the channel. Interactions between calmodulin N-lobe and the channel S4-S5 linker are Ca²⁺-dependent, which subsequently trigger conformational changes in the channel pore and open the gate. KCNN genes encode four subtypes, including KCNN1 for K_Ca2.1 (SK1), KCNN2 for K_Ca2.2 (SK2), KCNN3 for K …

Emerging Technologies: Empowering People To Capture, Share And Transfer Tacit Knowledge, Donncadh J. Nagle, Melanie J. Adams

Level 3

ICH Q10 was published in 2008, and presented a model for an effective Pharmaceutical Quality System (PQS). However, the industry still has some way to go in embracing and implementing its principles in order to achieve greater product realisation, to establish and maintain a state of control, and to facilitate continual improvement.

ICH Q10 introduced us to two key enablers: Knowledge Management (KM) and Quality Risk Management (QRM).^[1] While the pharmaceutical industry has made progress in implementing the principles of QRM since 2008, there has been significantly slower progress in implementing knowledge management practices. However, there may be solutions …

Ciliogenesis Mechanisms Mediated By Pak2-Arl13b Signaling In Brain Endothelial Cells Is Responsible For Vascular Stability, Karthikeyan Thirugnanam, Shubhangi Prabhudesai, Emma Van Why, Amy Pan, Ankan Gupta, Koji Foreman, Rahima Zennadi, Kevin R. Rarick, Surya M. Nauli, Sean P. Palacek, Ramani Ramchandran

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

In the developing vasculature, cilia, microtubule-based organelles that project from the apical surface of endothelial cells (ECs), have been identified to function cell autonomously to promote vascular integrity and prevent hemorrhage. To date, the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cilia formation (ciliogenesis) are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms is likely to open new avenues for targeting EC-cilia to promote vascular stability. Here, we hypothesized that brain ECs ciliogenesis and the underlying mechanisms that control this process are critical for brain vascular stability. To investigate this hypothesis, we utilized multiple approaches including developmental zebrafish model system and primary cell culture systems. …