Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Torsion Of An Accessory Spleen In A Child With Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation Syndrome., David A. Simon, Nathan R. Fleishman Md, Pamala Choi, Jason D. Fraser, Ryan T. Fischer

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Torsion of an accessory spleen is an exceedingly rare cause of abdominal pain in pediatric patients. The diagnosis is frequently challenging as presentation is variable and diagnostic imaging can be aspecific. The current case describes an unusual presentation of a torted accessory spleen in a 5-year-old girl with biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome who initially presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms and fever. The diagnosis was made following fine-needle aspiration of a suspected intraabdominal abscess. The case highlights the diagnostic challenge of accessory splenic torsion and stresses the importance of its inclusion on the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients, especially those …

The Efficacy Of Yoga As An Adjunctive Therapy To Standard Multidisciplinary Care In The Treatment Of Female Patients Presenting With Cognitive Eating Disorder Symptoms, Cassidy Nagle

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Current treatment of patients exhibiting cognitive eating disorder symptoms is standard multidisciplinary care (SMDC) involving behavioral therapy, medical management and dietetics. Because these symptoms often persist or relapse despite treatment, research has begun to explore adjunctive therapies like yoga for this population. This review will explore seven studies in order to analyze the effect of yoga (I) on cognitive eating disorder symptoms (O) in teenage and adult females (P) when added to SMDC compared to symptom reduction with SMDC alone (C).

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate and Google Scholar starting November 2018. Seven …

The Comparative Efficacy Of Amantadine Vs. Lcig Therapy For The Treatment Of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia In Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease, Katelynn Timony

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Though levodopa-carbidopa therapy remains the gold standard of Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment to this day, patients often experience increased dyskinetic activity as a result of long-term treatment; known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID); the mechanism of which is not completely understood. In this review, the efficacy of two adjunct treatments for LID are compared: 1) the concomitant administration of amantadine, an antiviral medication with antidyskinetic properties; and 2) a new form of levodopa administration in the form of an intestinal gel delivered straight via a device much like an insulin pump.

Methods: Two systematic literature searches of primary, peer-reviewed articles …

Appraisal Of Free Online Symptom Checkers And Applications For Self-Diagnosis And Triage: An Australian Evaluation, Michella Gaye Hill

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The internet has impacted society and changed the way companies and individuals operate on a daily basis. Seeking information online via computer or mobile device is common practice. The phrase ‘Google it’ is now part of modern vernacular and is a resource increasingly utilised by young and old alike. Around 80% of Australian’s search health-related information online as it is convenient, cheap, and available 24/7. Symptom checkers are one tool used by consumers to investigate their health issues. Symptom checkers are automated online programs which use computerised algorithms, asking a series of questions to help determine a potential diagnosis and/or …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Concentration Predicts Brain Atrophy And Cognition In Alzheimer's Disease, Kunal Dhiman, Veer Bala Gupta, Victor L. Villemagne, Dhamidhu Eratne, Petra L. Graham, Christopher Fowler, Pierrick Bourgeat, Qiao-Xin Li, Steven Collins, Ashley I. Bush, Christopher C. Rowe, Colin L. Masters, David Ames, Eugene Hone, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Ralph N. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction
This study assessed the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, its association with amyloid and tau pathology, as well as its potential to predict brain atrophy, cognition, and amyloid accumulation.
Methods
CSF NfL concentration was measured in 221 participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL).
Results
CSF NfL levels as well as NfL/amyloid β (Aβ42) were significantly elevated in AD compared to healthy controls (HC; P < .001), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to HC (P = .008 NfL; P< .001 NfL/Aβ42). CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 differentiated AD from HC with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. CSF NfL and NfL/Aβ42 predicted cortical amyloid load, brain atrophy, and cognition.
Discussion
CSF NfL is a biomarker of neurodegeneration, correlating with cognitive impairment and brain neuropathology.

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Imaging Techniques For Rotator Cuff Pathology: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Hayley O’Connell, Brittany Decamp, Zachary Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

When comparing imaging techniques for rotator cuff pathologies, clinicians tend to consider musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSK US), magnetic renaissance imaging (MRI), and magnetic renaissance imaging with arthrogram (MRA) as diagnostic imaging techniques. Since the most recent systematic review on imaging conducted in 2003, imaging technology has improved, indicating the need for a meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of new diagnostic techniques (MSK US) for evaluating rotator cuff pathologies. The accuracy of MSK US readings between radiologists and non-radiologists was also analyzed. Data were extracted from three different databases and included articles exploring diagnostic imaging and the accuracy of technique at the …

Driver Persistence, Safety And Older Adult Self-Efficacy: Addressing Driving Challenges Using Innovative Multimodal Communication Concepts, Joan Cahill, Katie Crowley, Sam Cromie, Alison Kay, Michael Gormley, Eamonn Kenny, Sonja Hermann, Ciaran Doyle, Ann Hever, Robert J. Ross

Conference papers

New assisted driving technology provides a solution to enabling driver persistence while also addressing older adult fitness to drive issues. The proposed driver assistance system follows a detailed literature review, an analysis of secondary data, and the specification of a solution using human machine interaction (HMI) design methods. Overall, the assisted driving concept follows from a principled/ethical perspective in relation to promoting self-efficacy and enablement for older adults. The system is conceptualized as a supportive friend or ‘co-pilot’. It is argued that the use of new car-based sensors, along with machine learning intelligence and novel multimodal HMI communication methods will …

Tunable Multiphase Dynamics Of Arginine And Lysine Liquid Condensates, Rachel S. Fisher, Shana Elbaum-Garfinkle

Advanced Science Research Center

Liquid phase separation into two or more coexisting phases has emerged as a new paradigm for understanding subcellular organization, prebiotic life, and the origins of disease. The design principles underlying biomolecular phase separation have the potential to drive the development of novel liquid-based organelles and therapeutics, however, an understanding of how individual molecules contribute to emergent material properties, and approaches to directly manipulate phase dynamics are lacking. Here, using microrheology, we demonstrate that droplets of poly-arginine coassembled with mono/polynucleotides have approximately 100 fold greater viscosity than comparable lysine droplets, both of which can be finer tuned by polymer length. We …

Myofascial Compression Interventions: Comparison Of Roller Massage, Instrument Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization, And Floss Band On Passive Knee Motion Among Inexperienced Individuals, Scott W. Cheatham, Rodrigo E. Martinez, Alicia Montalvo, Michelle Odai, Stephanie Echeverry, Brianna Robinson, Elizabeth Bailum, Kevin Viecco, Kasey Keller, Sofia Nunez-Riveria, Adriana Pena

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Myofascial compression interventions have become popular in rehabilitation and fitness. To date, no studies have directly compared foam rolling, instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization, and floss band among unexperienced individuals. The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the immediate post intervention effects of foam rolling, instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization, and floss band on passive knee joint range of motion (ROM) among inexperienced individuals using a standard treatment time. The secondary purpose was to determine the interchangeability of the interventions and to provide preliminary research for long-term comparison studies. This pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial was conducted in a university laboratory. …

Saliva Microrna Biomarkers Of Cumulative Concussion, Steven D. Hicks, Robert P. Olympia, Cayce Onks, Raymond Y. Kim, Kevin J. Zhen, Gregory Fedorchak, Samantha Devita, Aakanksha Rangnekar, Matthew Heller, Hallie Zwibel, Chuck Monteith, Zofia Gagnon, Callan D. Mcloughlin, Jason Randall, Miguel Madeira, Thomas R. Campbell, Elise Fengler, Michael N. Dretsch, Christopher Neville, Frank A. Middleton

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Recurrent concussions increase risk for persistent post-concussion symptoms, and may lead to chronic neurocognitive deficits. Little is known about the molecular pathways that contribute to persistent concussion symptoms. We hypothesized that salivary measurement of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), a class of epitranscriptional molecules implicated in concussion pathophysiology, would provide insights about the molecular cascade resulting from recurrent concussions. This hypothesis was tested in a case-control study involving 13 former professional football athletes with a history of recurrent concussion, and 18 age/sex-matched peers. Molecules of interest were further validated in a cross-sectional study of 310 younger individuals with a history of no …

Renoprotective Effect Of Sglt-2 Inhibitors Vs ​ Ace Inhibitors In Type 2 Diabetes, Duncan Pickett

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide today, and consistently growing over the years. The illness is marked by progressively increased insulin resistance in the body’s cells, leading to glucose overload, and eventually cell and organ damage and death. One end result of DM2 is nephropathy. The current first-line treatment for DM2 is a class of drugs called angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). ACE inhibitors are considered reno-protective, but eventually nephropathy occurs in patients taking the drug regardless. This paper will address the efficacy of a new alternative diabetes drug, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors …

The Efficacy Of Ketamine In Adult Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder With Symptoms Refractory To Standard Of Care Treatment., Brooke Thornton

Capstone Showcase

First line pharmacologic treatments for adult patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involve selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRIs). These drug classes often fail to deliver timely relief of symptoms as well as maintain longevity of symptom recurrence. This research analyzed the use of ketamine in adult patients suffering with OCD for the purposes of more efficacious management of symptoms. Although ketamine demonstrated a timelier relief of symptoms in some small clinical studies, its effects were ultimately unable to be sustained long term. Additionally, a wide range of adverse effects including dissociation, and rebound symptoms were observed. As a result, large …

Oral Contraceptives As Possible Acl Injury Prevention Method, Haley Schweizer

Capstone Showcase

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are an upsetting setback for many athletes that require a long and costly recovery process. The injury rates are four times greater in women than men. Preventative measures that help to prevent ACL injuries are limited to stretching and strengthening. Therefore, this review aims to investigate if oral contraceptive [I] usage provides a possible new avenue for prevention of ACL injury [O] in young female athletes (ages 18-30) [P] compared to those that do not take oral contraceptives [C].

Methods: A literature review was performed though PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS Database, and ClinicalKey …

The Efficacy Of Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Compared To Cell Salvage As A Blood Transfusion Alternative, Julia Yu

Capstone Showcase

Blood transfusions are currently the treatment of choice for significant blood loss. However, there are a variety of reasons for which they cannot be utilized. Current alternatives are acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) and cell 1 This study analyzes whether ANH or cell salvage is more effective in minimizing blood loss in perioperative or trauma patients. Multiple different studies involving either ANH or cell salvage were compared to each other. However, due to the lack of research conducted in either method, results obtained were largely inconclusive.

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Workshop For Internal Medicine Residents: A Pre/Post-Training Assessment Of Confidence And Knowledge, Abraham Lee, Cesar Gutierrez, Michelle Lopez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Across the country, internal medicine residency training programs are having difficulty figuring out how to optimally implement an effective point-of-care ultrasound training into their respective curricula. This study aimed to assess whether a week-long training course of didactics, followed by hands-on practice, improved both the confidence and knowledge skills of internal medicine residents using point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS). The trainees were asked to complete pre/post-training surveys, which tested their ability to interpret POCUS images and also asked them to score their confidence in using POCUS. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in not only their confidence in using POCUS, but also …

Psychiatric Assessment Of A Spanish Understanding Patient Who Is Deaf – A Literature Review, Vania Nwokolo, Francisco Fernadez

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Mental illness can be misdiagnosed amongst the population who are deaf or hearing impaired. It is important to have the effective tools and resources necessary to appropriately diagnose mental health diseases within this population. In this paper, the authors present a review of the literature on this topic and its significance.

Spectrographic Analysis Of The Lombard Effect, Julia Saxon

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In my honors project I will study the feasibility of using spectrographic analysis to measure the Lombard effect. The Lombard effect is a well-known phenomenon in which talkers reflexively increase the intensity of their voices in the presence of background noise. We hypothesize that other measurable features of speech will also change with vocal intensity consistent with what is shown in literature. However, the current authors will discuss findings in terms of its potential value as a test of pseudohypoacusis, also known as nonorganic or functional hearing loss. The author and a licensed audiologist will examine the /i/ and /u/ …

The Contribution Of Frequency Discrimination Ability To Auditory Temporal Patterning Tests In Children, Ashley G. Flagge, Tara M. Davis, Victoria Henbest

Ashley Flagge Publications

Purpose: The Pitch Patterns Test (PPT) and Duration Patterns Test (DPT) are clinical auditory processing tests that evaluate temporal patterning skills based on pitch (PPT) or duration (DPT) aspects of sound. Although temporal patterning tests are categorized under the temporal processing domain, successful performance on the PPT also relies on accurate pitch discrimination. However, the relationship between pitch discrimination ability and temporal patterning skills have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study examined the contribution of pitch discrimination ability to performance on temporal patterning in children through the use of a pitch discrimination task and the PPT …

Mechanisms Of Value-Biased Prioritization In Fast Sensorimotor Decision Making, Kivilcim Afacan-Seref

Dissertations and Theses

In dynamic environments, split-second sensorimotor decisions must be prioritized according to potential payoffs to maximize overall rewards. The impact of relative value on deliberative perceptual judgments has been examined extensively, but relatively little is known about value-biasing mechanisms in the common situation where physical evidence is strong but the time to act is severely limited. This research examines the behavioral and electrophysiological indices of how value biases split-second perceptual decisions and the possible mechanisms underlying the process. In prominent decision models, a noisy but statistically stationary representation of sensory evidence is integrated over time to an action-triggering bound, and value-biases …

Comparative Performance Of The Nanoscan And The Classic Smps In Determining N95 Filtering Facepiece Efficiency Against Nanoparticles, Clothilde Brochot, Fariborz Haghighat, Ali Bahloul

Études primaires

Nanoparticles are defined as particles with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 nm. Due to the special properties of nanoparticles, they are used in many workplaces, thus leading to occupational exposure. Filtering facepieces (FFPs) are generally used in these workplaces to reduce the exposure. Many studies have measured FFP efficiency in laboratories using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The aim of this study was to determine whether a NanoScan could be used to measure FFP efficiency against nanoparticles in workplaces for one type of N95 FFP. The results showed that the NanoScan gave maximum penetration and …