Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

Identifying Factors Underlying The Decision For Genetic Carrier Screening Among Women In Montgomery County, Sowon Kim

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

As medical scientific technologies evolve, numerous medical tests help not only physicians with their clinical judgment, but also patients by empowering them with more knowledge of their own health. An example is Genetic Carrier Screening (GCS) [1-2]. Genetic Carrier Screening (GCS) is a genetic test that allows patients to find out if they carry genes for certain genetic disorders. The results of the test enable patients to make changes to their family planning decisions and prenatal care when appropriate and allow them the opportunity to seek further medical and social support [3]. The clinical utility of GCS is evident in …

Validity Of Plasma Collection Cards For Ferritin Assessment—A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Karsten Koehler, Eileen Marks-Nelson, Camila Pereira Braga, Safiya E. Beckford, Jiri Adamec

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Objectives: Iron depletion is common around the world and among certain risk groups in developed countries. The overall purpose was to test the suitability of a novel plasma collection card for minimally invasive iron status assessment.

Methods: Twenty participants (10 f/10 m) participated in this cross-sectional study. Ferritin and hemoglobin were measured from blood collected from a forearm vein, serving as reference method. Blood was also collected from the fingertip using the NoviplexTM Plasma Prep Card as well as capillary collection tubes.

Results: There was substantial concordance between ferritin measured from samples collected via NoviplexTM and venous ferritin (concordance correlation …

Repeatability, Reproducibility, Agreement, And Safety Of Tono-Pen Tip Cover For Intraocular Measurement Using Latex And Polyethylene Wrap, Pukkapol Suvannachart

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Tono-Pen® is a regularly used device. A tip cover is needed to prevent damage to the transducer tip and patient-to-patient contamination. Ocufilm® (OF), latex disposable tip cover, is costly and able to cause allergic reactions. Objective: To evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of intraocular pressure measurement with Tono-Pen® using OF and polyethylene wrap tip cover (PE) in human eyes. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, experimental study. For the right eyes, 4 measurements using PE were done by two raters (A and B) in random order to assess intra-rater repeatability and inter-rater reproducibility. For left eyes, 4 measurements …

Living With Pku: The Lived Experience Of Irish Adults With Early Diagnosed Phenylketonuria On Long Term Dietary Therapy, Mary-Ellen O'Shea

Theses

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic condition affecting the body’s ability to metabolise the amino acid phenylalanine (PHE). A build-up of PHE in the blood and brain can result in irreversible intellectual disability and developmental delays. Ireland has one of the highest prevalence rates of PKU in Europe and some of the earliest treated patients with PKU in the world. However, little is known about their lived experience with PKU. Furthermore, cost-benefit analysis of treatments for rare diseases in Ireland is principally based on quantitative data. More qualitative data is needed to highlight the quality of life experienced by people …

Identifying Metabolites As Markers Of Fatigue In Athletes, Christopher D. George

Honors Theses

Fatigue in athletes caused by inadequate rest and other stressors can be severely detrimental to their health, and yet there is no reliable way to measure and track fatigue. Many classical measures of fatigue like body mass and resting heart rate are not reliable ways to track the physical fatigue of an athlete because they can change with many factors. In addition, it is not known how academic stress on top of physical stress affects fatigue. Metabolomics is a relatively new area of study and tracking metabolites offers the possibility to produce biomarkers to assess fatigue. This study collected saliva …

Mass Spectrometry Based Lipidomic Investigation Of Staphylococcus Aureus Lipid Metabolism And Characterization Of Lipase A, Naren Gajenthra Kumar

Theses and Dissertations

Staphylococcus aureus produces an arsenal of virulence factors and is adept at colonizing multiple hosts by employing specific processes to persist at different sites of infection. Infections caused by this pathogen range from self-limiting infections of the skin like folliculitis to life threatening and chronic conditions like infective endocarditis, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers and atopic dermatitis. As the field continues to expand its understanding of the mechanisms by which this pathogen rapidly develops resistance to new antibiotics, the underlying mechanisms that facilitates niche adaptation and host colonization among healthy individuals remain elusive.

Bacterial and host lipid metabolism presents and area …

Vibrational Spectroscopy For In Vitro Monitoring Stem Cell Differentiation, Francesca Ravera, Esen Efeoglu, Hugh Byrne

Other resources

Stem cell technology has attracted considerable attention over recent decades due to its enormous potential in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics. Studying the underlying mechanisms of stem cell differentiation and tissue generation is critical, and robust methodologies and different technologies are required. Towards establishing improved understanding and optimised triggering and control of differentiation processes, analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RNA in situ hybridisation analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting have contributed much. However, progress in the field remains limited because such techniques provide only limited information, as they are only able to address specific, …

Training And Technique Choices Predict Self-Reported Running Injuries: An International Study, Joe Warne, Allison H. Gruber, Roy Cheung, Jason Bonacci

Articles

The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported injury, training, and running technique choices of regular runners in four international regions. Design and Setting 756 participants began an expert derived self-report online survey in Ireland, USA, Hong Kong and Australia. Participants 325 participants completed the survey (age=38±10years; weight=68.0±13.1kg; height=1.70±0.10m). Main Outcome Measures Descriptive statistics are reported examining injury incidence and location; shoe and orthosis choices; and training and technique practices. A backwards logistic regression was implemented to examine associations between injury and training choices. Results 68.3% reported having an injury in the last year. 81.45% of these injuries …

Comparability Of Raman Spectroscopic Configurations: A Largescale Cross-Laboratory Study, Shuxia Guo, Hugh Byrne, Shiyamala Duraipandian, Fiona Lyng, Claudia Beleites, Ute Neugebauer

Articles

The variable configuration of Raman spectroscopic platforms is one ofthe major obstacles in establishing Raman spectroscopy as a valuable physicochemicalmethod within real-world scenarios such as clinical diagnostics. For such real worldapplications like diagnostic classification, the models should ideally be usable to predictdata from different setups. Whether it is done by training a rugged model with data frommany setups or by a primary-replica strategy where models are developed on a‘primary’setup and the test data are generated on‘replicate’setups, this is only possible if the Raman spectra from different setups are consistent, reproducible, and comparable.However, Raman spectra can be highly sensitive to the …

Tick-Borne Infections In New Hampshire: An Evaluation Of The Diagnostic Process In A Local Patient Population, Katherine Anderson

Honors Theses and Capstones

Overall, approximately 95 percent of reported cases of vector-borne disease were associated with ticks, making these the most medically important group of arthropods in the United States.¹ Despite the prevalence of tick-borne infections, the process for the diagnosis of this condition is not well studied. This study aims to analyze data from a pool of 100 patients who underwent testing for tick-borne disease in the same institution in Dover, New Hampshire during the most recent peak tick season of 2019. Information utilized in this study included: patient age, sex, location of testing (inpatient versus outpatient), diagnostic testing methods used …

Perceptions Of Fracture Location, Breanna Dominguez

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

OBJECTIVE: Aseptic non-union is a significant complication in approximately 5% of long bone fractures1. Bone stimulation devices are used before surgical intervention and can have favorable results if accurately placed. The objective of this study is to determine accuracy of clinician fracture localization based solely on viewing radiographs.

METHODS: A transverse diaphyseal fracture was induced in a cadaveric radius and tibia using a bone saw and osteotome; fractures were not apparent from incision or soft tissue. The sample included 20 physicians and 16 pre-clinical medical students. Participants used reference anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs to determine fracture location and placed …

Do Racial Stereotypes Contribute To Medical Misdiagnosis Of Child Abuse? Investigating Tunnel Vision In The Emergency Room, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Kimberly M. Bernstein, Katherine S. Wahrer

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Despite growing recognition that misdiagnoses of child abuse can lead to wrongful convictions, little empirical work has examined how the medical community may contribute to these errors. Previous research has documented the existence and content of stereotypes that associate race with child abuse. The current study examines whether emergency medical professionals rely on this stereotype to fill in gaps in ambiguous cases involving Black children, thereby increasing the potential for misdiagnoses of child abuse. Specifically, we tested whether the race-abuse stereotype led participants to attend to more abuse-related details than infection-related details when an infant patient was Black versus White. …

Vestibular Function And Sports-Related Concussion: An Exploratory Investigation Of The Consequences Of Sports Related Concussion On Vestibular Function And Outcomes, Carolina Quintana

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Sports-related concussions (SRC), or mild traumatic brain injuries that occur as a result of sports or athletic participation, are said to affect approximately 300,000 young adults and 1.4 million youth athletes in the United States on an annual basis. SRC create a significant burden on the health care system by generating an estimated $60 billion dollars in direct and indirect costs in 2000. In addition to the financial burden these injuries create, they additionally impose both short- and long-term effects for those effected and their overall health. Among the many effects of concussions are physical signs as symptoms such as …

The Positive Effects Of Exercise On Active Transplant Recipients And Its Impact On Medication Adherence, Travane Morrison

Theses

Organ failure is a life-threatening condition (Daugirdas et al, 2014). Non-adherence to medication is one of the main causes of the failure of a transplanted organ (Oberlin et al, 2016). In an effort to combat non-adherence to medication, research had employed intervention studies to tackle the main cause of non-adherence (Chisholm-Burns, 2013). The aims of this project are three fold. Firstly it aims to find if complications associated with organ transplant affect the individual’s medication adherence. Secondly, it explores the connections between exercise and medication adherence. Thirdly the research explores if exercise assists with possible complications associated with an organ …

The Impact Of Delayed Treatment Of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria On Progression To Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review And A Pooled Multicentre Individual-Patient Meta-Analysis, Andria Mousa, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nicholas M. Anstey, Cyril Badaut, Bridget E. Barber, Quique Bassat, Joseph D. Challenger, Aubrey J. Cunnington, Dibyadyuti Datta, Chris Drakeley, Azra C. Ghani, Victor R. Gordeuk, Matthew J. Grigg, Pierre Hugo, Chandy C. John, Alfredo Mayor, Florence Migot-Nabias, Robert O. Opoka, Geoffrey Pasvoi, Claire Rees, Hugh Reyburn, Eleanor M. Riley, Binal N. Shah, Antonio Sitoe, Colin J. Sutherland, Philip E. Thuma, Stefan A. Unger, Firmine Viwami, Michael Walther, Christopher J.M. Whitty, Timothy William, Lucy C. Okell

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Delay in receiving treatment for uncomplicated malaria (UM) is often reported to increase the risk of developing severe malaria (SM), but access to treatment remains low in most high-burden areas. Understanding the contribution of treatment delay on progression to severe disease is critical to determine how quickly patients need to receive treatment and to quantify the impact of widely implemented treatment interventions, such as 'test-and-treat' policies administered by community health workers (CHWs). We conducted a pooled individual-participant meta-analysis to estimate the association between treatment delay and presenting with SM.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: A search using Ovid MEDLINE and Embase …

A Short Remark On Multipurpose Laser Therapy “Helios” In Ukraine And Its Potential Application For Treatment Of Neurology Disorders, Florentin Smarandache, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Victor Christianto, Rizha Vitania, The Houw Liong

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

However, a truly multipurpose laser therapy method is very rarely available. Here we introduce a multipurpose laser therapy device in Ukraine, which is capable to take care a multitude of diseases. It is called “Helios”, by one of us (VK). We also give a case where a patient who suffered from Covid-19 has been treated successfully until he is recovered to healthy condition. In the last section we also discuss potential future application of Helios for other fields; i.e. neurology disorders.

Quantifying The Varying Predictive Value Of Physical Activity Measures Obtained From Wearable Accelerometers On All-Cause Mortality Over Short To Medium Time Horizons In Nhanes 2003-2006, Lucia Tabacu, Mark Ledbetter, Andrew Leroux, Ciprian Crainiceanu, Ekaterina Smirnova

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Physical activity measures derived from wearable accelerometers have been shown to be highly predictive of all-cause mortality. Prediction models based on traditional risk factors and accelerometry-derived physical activity measures are developed for five time horizons. The data set contains 2978 study participants between 50 and 85 years old with an average of 13.08 years of follow-up in the NHANES 2003–2004 and 2005–2006. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fit separately for five datasets for one- to five-year all-cause mortality as outcome (number of events 46, 94, 155, 218, and 297, respectively). In univariate models the total activity count (TAC) …

Donor Age Effects On The Proliferative And Chondrogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation Performance Of Equine Bone Marrow- And Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Culture, Jasmin Bagge

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Orthopedic injuries are a major cause of lameness and morbidity in horses. Bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AT) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential to facilitate the repair of orthopedic injuries and are being used increasingly in veterinary clinics. Presently, the use of MSCs as a therapy for equine patients is most commonly applied as autologous transplants, using BM- and AT-MSCs harvested from the patient shortly after the time of injury. Cell-based therapies are therefore delayed to enable primary cell numbers to be expanded in culture. Of concern, however, are human and rodent studies that have shown …

Adaptive Background Correction Of Crystal Image Datasets: Towards Automated Process Control, Luke Kiernan, Ian Jones, Lauri Kurki, Patrick J. Cullen, Toufic El Arnaout

Articles

Improving the data descriptor calculation of crystal’s physical properties requires sophisticated imaging techniques and algorithms. It has been possible to construct 2D population balance models benefiting from characteristic measurements of both crystal’s length and width, compared to the single representative sizes used in 1D models. Our aim is to ameliorate the procedure of determining shape (and not only size) factors, in an automated fashion and directly from the process, for implementation in future models. Here, approaches suitable for real-time applications were employed including engineered imaging sensors and adaptive algorithms. We described the latter in detail for varying 2D image datasets. …

Prediction Of Molecular Mutations In Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas Using Mr Imaging Features, Zeina A. Shboul, James Chen, Khan M. Iftekharrudin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) have been reclassified based on molecular mutations, which require invasive tumor tissue sampling. Tissue sampling by biopsy may be limited by sampling error, whereas non-invasive imaging can evaluate the entirety of a tumor. This study presents a non-invasive analysis of low-grade gliomas using imaging features based on the updated classification. We introduce molecular (MGMT methylation, IDH mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, ATRX mutation, and TERT mutations) prediction methods of low-grade gliomas with imaging. Imaging features are extracted from magnetic resonance imaging data and include texture features, fractal and multi-resolution fractal texture features, and volumetric features. Training models include …